句子成分和翻译课件.ppt

1、句子成分与汉译英句子成分与汉译英 他在河边找到一辆上面有一些卡通图案的他在河边找到一辆上面有一些卡通图案的自行车。自行车。 1. He by the river found a have cartoon pictures on it bicycle. 2. He found an old bicycle with cartoon pictures on it by the river . 句子成分句子成分句子的主要成分有句子的主要成分有_和和_；句子的常见次要成分有句子的常见次要成分有_、_、_、_、_。主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾语补足语宾语补足语简单句的五种基本句型简

2、单句的五种基本句型1.1.主语主语+ +谓语谓语2.2.主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语3 3. .主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语4 4. .主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语5.5.主语主语+ +系动词系动词+ +表语表语6.There be 6.There be 句型句型一一. 主语主语(S)+谓语谓语(V)主语主语(Subject)1.夏天来了夏天来了。 _ is coming. 2.他们仔细地听。他们仔细地听。 _ listened carefully. 3. 二加三等于五。二加三等于五。 _ is five. 4.

3、早起是个好习惯。早起是个好习惯。 _ is a good habbit. 5.要解决这个问题不是那么容易。要解决这个问题不是那么容易。 _ is not so easy. 6. 老年人需要被照顾。老年人需要被照顾。 _ need to be cared for. 7. 他所说的是真的。他所说的是真的。 _ is true. Summer They Two and three Getting up early To slove the problem The old What he said（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（动词不定式）（动词不定式）（名词化的

4、形容词）（名词化的形容词）（从句）（从句）8. 注意注意There/Here be 句型的主语句型的主语 有一个女孩在树下跳舞。有一个女孩在树下跳舞。There is _dancing under the tree.你的笔在这儿。你的笔在这儿。Here is _.9. 注意注意It 作形式主语作形式主语学好英语很有用。学好英语很有用。_ is useful _.a girlyour penItto learn English well谓语谓语(Predicate)1.简单谓语简单谓语 吉米买了很多旧自行车。吉米买了很多旧自行车。Jimmy_ many old bicycles.太阳从东方升起。

5、太阳从东方升起。The sun _ in the east.他的脸变红了。他的脸变红了。His face _ red.2.复合谓语复合谓语我很久没有见过她了。我很久没有见过她了。I _ her for a long time.那个妈妈正在校门口等她的儿子。那个妈妈正在校门口等她的儿子。The mother _ for her son at the school gate.boughtriseshavent seenis waitingturned系动词作谓语系动词作谓语3. 注意注意祈使句祈使句请把字典递给我。请把字典递给我。 _ me the dictionary please.不要把你的车

6、停在这里。不要把你的车停在这里。_ your car here.PassDont park省主语，谓语用动词原形省主语，谓语用动词原形 1.Do exercise is good for your health. 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.易错点：动词原形不能做主语！易错点：动词原形不能做主语！ Translation exercises: 1.他们已经到了。他们已经到了。 3.刘翔跑得相当快。刘翔跑得相当快。 They have already arrived.Liu Xiang runs quite fast.二、主语二、主语(S

7、)+谓语谓语(v)+宾语宾语(O)宾语宾语(Object)1. 我们爱中国。我们爱中国。 We love _. 2. 那些志愿者们帮了我们很多。那些志愿者们帮了我们很多。 The volunteers helped_ a lot. 3. 那个工人想休息一下。那个工人想休息一下。 The worker wants _. 4. 我期待尽快见到你。我期待尽快见到你。 I am looking forward to _ soon.5.我想知道他会去哪里。我想知道他会去哪里。 I wonder _. 6. 李小姐使本拥有李小姐使本拥有Lucky成为了可能。成为了可能。 Miss Li makes _ p

8、ossible for Ben _.China(名词名词)us(代词代词)to have a rest(动词不定式动词不定式)seeing you (动名词动名词)where he will go(宾语从句宾语从句)itto have Lucky(形式宾语形式宾语)注意注意：接：接to do 或或doing作宾语的常见词作宾语的常见词常用不定式作宾语的有常用不定式作宾语的有：want、would like、wish、hope、decide、learn、expect、 need、agree、promise、refuse、fail、choose等。等。常用动名词做宾语的有：常用动名词做宾语的有：e

9、njoy、finish、mind、practice、imagine、suggest、 keep on、have fun、feel like、give up、put off，cant help等。等。两者均可的有：两者均可的有：like、love、hate、stop、forget、remember、try、prefer、start、begin、need、mean等，等，但需注意一些词在语境中的区别。但需注意一些词在语境中的区别。 Translation exercises: 1. 杰克做了一个重要的决定。杰克做了一个重要的决定。 2. 你介不介意在公共场所吸烟你介不介意在公共场所吸烟? Jack

10、 made an important decision.Would you mind smoking in public?三三.主语主语(S)+谓语谓语(V)+间接宾语间接宾语(Indirect Object) +直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object) e.g.1.我可以把我的自行车借给你。我可以把我的自行车借给你。 I can lend _ my bicycle. =I can lend my bicycle_.2.我的妈妈给我买了一本新书。我的妈妈给我买了一本新书。 My mother bought _ a new book. =My mother bought a new boo

11、k _.youto you mefor me分别用分别用to 和用和用for连接间接宾语的词连接间接宾语的词 write, tell, pass, give, send, show, read, tell, bring, hand, throw等，等，e.g.He wrote a letter _ his pen pal yesterday. leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, save等，等，e.g.Cindy chose a nice gift _ her mother.toforTo:For:注：注：如果直接宾

12、语是代词，代词只能放在间接宾如果直接宾语是代词，代词只能放在间接宾语之前，并且在二者之间加上介词语之前，并且在二者之间加上介词to或或for。例如：例如： 麦克，请把它给我。麦克，请把它给我。Mike，give it to me please.不能译为：不能译为：Mike, give me it plese. Translation Exercises:1. 能请你给我一些学习英语的建议吗？能请你给我一些学习英语的建议吗？2. 我的妈妈给我做了一顿大餐。我的妈妈给我做了一顿大餐。Could you please give me some advice on learning English?M

13、y mother made me a big meal.My mother made a big meal for me.Could you please give some advice on learning English to me?四四. 主语主语(S)+谓语谓语(V)+复合宾语复合宾语 【宾语宾语(O)+宾补宾补(OC)】宾补宾补(Object Complement) 1. We must keep the classroom clean. 2. She made us laugh. 3. We can help the disabled to do the chores. 4.

14、I heard him singing just now. 5. The war made him a soldier. 6. His mother kept him at home. 7. If you wear jeans, they wont let you in. 8. Yesterday he got his finger cut. (名词名词)(形容词形容词)(省省to的不定式的不定式)(带带to的不的不定式定式)(介词短语介词短语)(副词副词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)order 、want 、expect、tell、ask、advise、teach 、invite

15、、allowmake、have、 let 、feel hear、listen to notice、watch、see、look at 、observe sb. to do sth.sb. do sth.sb. do/doing sth.Translation exercises:1.老师叫学生们关上了窗户。老师叫学生们关上了窗户。 2.我发现学习英语很有趣我发现学习英语很有趣.The teacher asked the students to close the windows.I found it interesting to learn English.五五. 主语主语(S)+系动词系动词

16、(Link Verb)+表语表语(P)表表(Predicative)1.The boy is an American. 2. These books are mine. 3. Your plan sounds fantastic. 5. He is fifteen. 6. My dream is to be a professional soccer player. 7.My job is teaching you English.8.The managers are in the meeting room.9.Thats why he left. 4. Is your father in?

17、(名词名词)(代词代词)(形容词形容词)(副词副词)(数词数词)(动词不定式动词不定式)(动名词动名词)(介词短语介词短语)(从句从句)注意：注意：系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，e.g. We are friends. 3）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等等e.g.This kind of paper feels very soft. 3）持续系动词持续系动词

18、用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，常见有度，常见有keep, remain, stay等等e.g.We should keep healthy. 4）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, get, fall, go, come, run等，等，e.g. Leaves turn green in spring.5）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，主要这一概念，主要有有seem, appear等等e.g. My father seems (to be)

19、right. Translation exercises:1. 钱不是一切。钱不是一切。2. 天气正变得越来越炎热天气正变得越来越炎热 。 Money isnt everything.Its getting hotter and hotter.定语定语(Attribute)1.His name is Steve. 2.The little boy has many interesting books. 3.The swimming pool is too deep. 4.The shoes in the box are new. 5.I have something to do now. 6.

20、Do you know the man who he is talking with? 7.I want to plant a lot of apple trees. 8.The two boys are asking their teacher for help. 9.The special trained animals can be animal helpers.10. People there are very friendly. （名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（形容词）（形容词）（现在分词）（现在分词）（动词不定式）（动词不定式）（数词）（数词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（过去分词）

21、（过去分词）（副词）（副词）（定语从句）（定语从句）状语状语(Adverbial)掌握类型： He plays soccer every day after school.The boys parents work in Shanghai.I usually go to school on foot.My father likes comedies very much.We put up some signs to let people know about the activity. （时间）（时间）（地点）（地点）（方式）（方式）（程度）（程度）（目的）（目的）其他表原因、结果、让步、时间

22、、条件的状语或状语从其他表原因、结果、让步、时间、条件的状语或状语从句句:I didnt go out because of the rain. The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.Although the exercises are easy, you have to do them carefully. I will give you a call if I find the book.(because it rained) (原因原因)(结果结果)(让步让步)(条件条件) Translation exercises： 1. 我的父母在农场工作

23、。我的父母在农场工作。 2. 我喜欢你昨天画的那幅画我喜欢你昨天画的那幅画.My parents work on the farm.I like the picture you drew yesterday.汉译英解题法总结汉译英解题法总结1.审审题题2.提提基本句型基本句型3.抓抓考点（短语、时态、常见翻译句型）考点（短语、时态、常见翻译句型）4.补补枝叶（定、状）枝叶（定、状）5.检检查查(大小写、人称、时态、单复数、标点等）大小写、人称、时态、单复数、标点等）e.g.这个小婴儿每天睡这个小婴儿每天睡20个小时。个小时。The little baby sleeps for 20 hours

24、 every day.对我来说在明天之前完成这项工作是不可能的。对我来说在明天之前完成这项工作是不可能的。It is impossible for me to finish the work by tomorrow. 审审-提提-抓抓-补补-查查一一.判断划线部分句子成分。判断划线部分句子成分。1. I have already finished my homework.2. There are many vistors lying on the beach.3. The show we saw just now was really cool. 4. My neighbor asks me

25、to take care of his child when he is busy.5. Could you please pass me the dictionary on the desk?Exercises（谓语）（谓语）（主语）（主语）（定语）（定语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）（直接宾语）（直接宾语）二二. 翻译句子。翻译句子。1. 现在一切似乎都不同了。现在一切似乎都不同了。 Everything seems different now.2. 你知道他为什么如此难过吗？你知道他为什么如此难过吗？ Do you know why he is so sad?3. 直到我完成这项工作，他

26、才回来。直到我完成这项工作，他才回来。 He didnt come back until I finished the work. 4. 每天走路去学校通常花费我每天走路去学校通常花费我20 分钟。分钟。 It usually takes me 20 minutes to walk to school every day.5. 在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 In the past few years, my hometown has changed a lot.泰山不拒细壤，故能成其高；泰山不拒细壤，故能成其高；江海不择细流，故能就其深。

27、江海不择细流，故能就其深。 细节决定成败细节决定成败。For you!Ten Little Fingers One little, two little, three little fingers Four little, five little, six little fingers Seven little, eight little, nine little fingers Ten fingers on my hands. Ten little, nine little, eight little fingers Seven little, six little, five little fingers Four little, three little, two little fingers One finger on my hand.