中考英语首字母填空解题方法指导课件(PPT60张.ppt

1、首字母填空 判断词性、句子成分、句子结构篇 2022-5-24判断词性判断词性分析句子成分分析句子成分总结句子结构总结句子结构2022-5-24名词名词考虑其单复数形式考虑其单复数形式动词动词考虑其时态、语态及搭配考虑其时态、语态及搭配形容词形容词考虑要不要用比较级或最考虑要不要用比较级或最高级，是否需要变成副词高级，是否需要变成副词（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。（快速）通读全文，检查拼写错误。2022-5-24开胃小菜Many famous people f_ lots of times before they succeeded.1.确定词性确定词性2.找出判断依据找出判断依据3.注意时

2、态注意时态动词动词填填succeeded的反义词的反义词succeeded是过去式，是过去式，fail也应该是也应该是failed2022-5-24真相只有一个：真相只有一个：你不会判断词性！你不会判断词性！2022-5-241动词（动词（Verbs）2名词（名词（Nouns）3形容词（形容词（Adjectives) 4副词（副词（Adverbs)7介词（介词（Prepositions）9 冠词（冠词（Articles）8数词（数词（Numerals）5代词（代词（Pronouns)10感叹词（感叹词（Interjections） 6连词（连词（Conjunctions) 2022-5-24

3、实词实词（实义词）（实义词）表示完整意表示完整意的词汇意义的词汇意义动词v名词n形容词 adj副词adv动作或状态人或事物的名称人或事物的特征，修饰名词动作的状态或特征，修饰动、形、副、全句 虚词虚词（功能词）（功能词）没有完整的没有完整的词汇意义，词汇意义，只表示语法只表示语法意义意义助动aux代pron. 连词conj. 介词prep. 冠词art. Do,can,many,must,will等，置于主动词之前代替名词、数词、形容词 连接单词、词组、分句的逻辑词 用在名词性成分（名词、代词）之前 在名词之前，限定所指范围 数词num. 表示数目（基数词）或顺序（序数词） 感叹词int. o

4、h，hello，hi，yeah等 （注：数词与感叹词介于实义词与功能词两者之间）（注：数词与感叹词介于实义词与功能词两者之间）2022-5-24词性判断The doctor looked him over and told him not to e_ meat and sugar.1.去除枝干（包括去除枝干（包括not）2.词组搭配：词组搭配：tell sb to do3.通过通过meat and sugar来确定词性来确定词性2022-5-24 有有the就填最高级就填最高级Tea is the o_ drink in the world.It has 5000 years of histo

5、ry in China.1.判断词性判断词性2.找出判断依据，确定单词找出判断依据，确定单词3.注意词形注意词形形容词形容词2022-5-24In the USA，headmasters and teachers discipline(惩罚惩罚) students in many ways. The teacher often w_ to or calls the students parents.1.去除枝干去除枝干The teacher w_ to the parents.2.确定词性确定词性动词动词3.找出同义词找出同义词(解题关键词解题关键词) 4.结束了吗？说说你的答案！结束了吗？说

6、说你的答案！2022-5-24Years ago, mobile phones were rather e_. Only important people and people w_ a lot of money had them.1.注意感情色彩，找出关键词注意感情色彩，找出关键词only2.把把important people理解为有权人，后理解为有权人，后面就是有钱人。有：面就是有钱人。有：there be（短语），（短语），have/has（动词），（动词），with（介词）（介词）2022-5-24These days, the prices have been greatly re

7、duced, and mobile phones come in small size and d_ colors. So more and more people,e_ school students, have them in their hands.1.理解题意，手机价格降低，颜色多彩化理解题意，手机价格降低，颜色多彩化2.注意感情色彩。主谓宾齐全，注意感情色彩。主谓宾齐全，非介即副非介即副。甚至是甚至是2022-5-24高频考点：副词如何确定填副词，首先要清楚副词的位置，它的位置如何确定填副词，首先要清楚副词的位置，它的位置一般在：一般在： 1）动词，形容词，地点、时间状语前，起强调）

8、动词，形容词，地点、时间状语前，起强调作用作用 2）动词后修饰，进一步说明）动词后修饰，进一步说明 3）句前句后表示时间，地点）句前句后表示时间，地点 常考的副词有：表强调的副词常考的副词有：表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely等；句中用逗号隔开的等；句中用逗号隔开的however，句后的，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere等，句中的等，句中的sometimes，usuall

9、y等。等。2022-5-24He is old e_ for drinking.主系表结构俱全，后面主系表结构俱全，后面for drinking就是就是“浮云浮云”，所以所以e开头的单词和开头的单词和old 有关，就是修饰有关，就是修饰old的副的副词，填词，填enough.开挂技巧开挂技巧:凡是看不出是什么词性的，一般都是副词。凡是看不出是什么词性的，一般都是副词。2022-5-24especially 和evenEspecially：特别是。：特别是。1.强调，特指。强调，特指。 2）常表示后面的人或事本应怎么）常表示后面的人或事本应怎么样，理所应当怎么样样，理所应当怎么样Some you

10、ng people in the United States,e_ college students,do not go out on traditional days.解析：解析：young people包含包含college students，所以不是递进关系的副词所以不是递进关系的副词even，而是，而是especially2022-5-24We shoud give the seat to the people who need it on the bus,e_ for the old. 分析：在公交车上，我们应该把作为让给有需要的分析：在公交车上，我们应该把作为让给有需要的人士，尤其

11、是老人。这里也是强调，特指老人，人士，尤其是老人。这里也是强调，特指老人，所以。也可以理解为老人理所应当享受座位。所以。也可以理解为老人理所应当享受座位。2022-5-24Even：甚至。：甚至。1.递进关系递进关系 2.常表示后面的人或事常表示后面的人或事没被寄予多大希望而没被寄予多大希望而“锦上添花锦上添花”，也可能是情，也可能是情况越来越糟况越来越糟“屋漏偏遭连夜雨屋漏偏遭连夜雨”Everyone should do their best to protect environment_ the teenagers.分析：大家都来保护环境，还有青少年，属于分析：大家都来保护环境，还有青少年

12、，属于“锦锦上添花上添花”，有递进关系，那就是，有递进关系，那就是even2022-5-24中考真题练习【例例1】 Anna was on the diet for two months. Her doctor was pleased with her. “ You have been very good,” he said “ You can eat some of the foods you like best., but only a little. Dont eat too many sweets.If you do, you will get a lot of weight a_.

13、“ But when you eat it, it makes you sick. Its not a good food for you.” “ You are right，” said Frank. “ Well, Ill eat more cake i_.【分析分析】 这两题填副词，都在句末，分析句子不缺少主要这两题填副词，都在句末，分析句子不缺少主要成分，基本确定填副词，再略微看一下上下文，脑子里的成分，基本确定填副词，再略微看一下上下文，脑子里的常用副词放一遍，确定填常用副词放一遍，确定填again 及及instead。 2022-5-24 【例例2】 Some people say

14、 that reading is out of date（过时的，（过时的， 陈旧的）陈旧的） . This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading is h_ out of date! 【分析分析】 动词前后的副词不是强调就是否定，看一动词前后的副词不是强调就是否定，看一下句意，确定应填否定，下句意，确定应填否定，h开头当然是开头当然是hardly了。了。2022-5

15、-24 【例例3】 I realized that he was Jack, a friend from my school days in England. At the same time he a_ realized who I was. 【分析分析】 以以a开头的副词，同学们常常不能开头的副词，同学们常常不能很好地确定是很好地确定是also、always还是还是almost。我们不妨先学习填。我们不妨先学习填also的诀窍：的诀窍：如果本句所述内容与上句一致，如此句中如果本句所述内容与上句一致，如此句中的动作与上句一致，都是的动作与上句一致，都是realize，就确定，就确定填填als

16、o（也）。（也）。2022-5-24 【例例4】 Have a warm bath- its a great way to relax. But n_ stay in the bathroom too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy. 【分析分析】 此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为not，就是没有掌握好基本规则，就是没有掌握好基本规则，动词前用动词前用副词副词never、not必须与助动词连用，而必须与助动词连用，而no后必须接名词或动名词。后必须接名词或动名词。202

17、2-5-241. 实词，就要注意名词的单复数和动词实词，就要注意名词的单复数和动词的时态、语态，形容词的比较级最高级的时态、语态，形容词的比较级最高级和副词形式；和副词形式；2.如果是介词，要注意前后相关的词组；如果是介词，要注意前后相关的词组；3.如果是副词，要注意感情色彩，结合上如果是副词，要注意感情色彩，结合上下文判断句子语气，选择贴切副词。下文判断句子语气，选择贴切副词。2022-5-24正餐开吃2022-5-24Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lo

18、t of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves. Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him. 分析：通读短文以后发现分析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师是一位老师.。从。从old 可推断他不久要退休了可推断

19、他不久要退休了“ l_” 应为谓语动词应为谓语动词 leaving ; “s_” 是第三句的主语是第三句的主语, 结合结合 have 判断为判断为 students; “ h_ 是是give 的宾语的宾语, 判断为判断为him ; “ p_” 的内容是的内容是 cards, note-books , 所以判断为名词所以判断为名词presents; “ t_” 是介词是介词among 的宾语的宾语, 应为应为them ; “ m_” 处于处于be done by 的结构中的结构中, 应为过去分词应为过去分词made; “h_” 位于情态动词位于情态动词will 之后之后, 应为动词原形应为动词原

20、形help; “t_” 是是remember 的宾语的宾语, 并且受到并且受到happy 的修饰应为的修饰应为 time “t_” 是主语是主语, 名词或代词名词或代词 teachers / they; “p_” 是是have的宾语的宾语, 前面有冠词前面有冠词, 所以是名词所以是名词party “s_” 前有前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语分析成分为目的状语 to do 即即 to say 2022-5-24Years ago, mobile phones were rather e_1_. Only important people and people w_2_ a lot of mon

21、ey had them. These days, the prices have been greatly reduced, and mobile phones come in small size and d_3_ colors. So more and more people,_4_ school students, have them in their hands.It is t_5_ that it is an easy way to keep in touych with friends at any time and in any places.But in places like

22、 clssrooms,movie theatred and museums,where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low v_6_,we can also hear mobile phones ringing.Some drivers have accidents for using mobile phones while d_7_.W_8_ of all,some studenys who cant p_9_ their phone bills do something illegal(不合法的) to get the money.So,ar

23、e mobile phones r_10_ a good thing?5.true 6.voice 7.driving 8.worst 9. pay 10. really2022-5-24PART 02句子成分篇2022-5-24例句例句:v I】【played】a【red】【basketball】【yesterday in the house】 主 谓 定 宾 状I是主语，发出动作的人或物。 play是谓语，就是一个动词，动词包括行为动词如play,go,listen就是一个动作，还包括be动词即am is are been basketball就是宾语，宾语就是行为动词后面的那个词（就是动

24、作的承受者） yesterday是时间状语，in the house 是地点状语状语可以表结果，时间，地点，状态，原因，目的red按词性划分是形容词，按句子成分划分就是定语，修饰baskeball2022-5-24句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分主语和谓语是句子的主体部分.表语、宾语和表语、宾语和宾语

25、的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。2022-5-24一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。大多数主语都在句首。The sun rises in the east. (名词名词)He likes dancing. (代词代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式不定式)What he needs is a book.

26、(主语从句主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)2022-5-24(1) 对主语的判断对主语的判断 1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our school in August. ( sci

27、ence) 4. _ is my favourite sport. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）；题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（、）。（、）。2022-5-24二、谓语（二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状

28、态说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语时用来说明主语和特征。谓语时用来说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是是什么什么”或或“怎么样怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在主语在“人称人称”和和“数数”两方面必须一致。如：两方面必须一致。如：He can speak German.We study English.He fell asleep.2022-5-24(2) 对谓语的判断 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_, “Is your fath

29、er at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman began r_ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” Key: came asked answered ringing turned said say isnt 分析：语篇中的

30、所缺字除分析：语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。以外均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。动词形式的判断。 2022-

31、5-24begin to do和和begin doing可以互换，但在以下可以互换，但在以下三种情况下，用三种情况下，用to do: （1）. 主语不是指人，而是主语不是指人，而是it等。如等。如:It began to rain. （2）. begin后接表示心理活动的词。如后接表示心理活动的词。如:begin to know ， believe， wonder， think等。等。 （3）. begin本身是本身是ing形式，为避免重复后接形式，为避免重复后接to do 即即beginning to do2022-5-24三、表语（三、表语（predicative）:表语说明主语表语说明主

32、语“是什是什么么”或或“怎么样怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置于系动词后面的位置于系动词后面 。形容词作表语形容词作表语 You look younger than before.名词作表语名词作表语 My father is a teacher.副词作表语副词作表语 Everyone is here.介词短语作表语介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre.不定式作表语不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English.动名词作表

33、语动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语从句作表语 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.2022-5-24常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来听起来)， look(看起来看起来)， feel(摸起来摸起来)，smell(闻起来闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是保持，仍是)， feel(感觉感觉) .It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds swee

34、t.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.2022-5-24(3) 对表语的判断 1.It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3. Petter is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4. Such cold weat

35、her is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ） 5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。动词必须改成介词短语。动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或或 don

36、e 的形式。的形式。 2022-5-24三、宾语1)动作的承受者动作的承受者动宾动宾I like China. (名词名词)He hates you. (代词代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从宾语从句句)2022-5-242)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾介宾Are you afraid of the snak

37、e?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语双宾语间宾间宾(指人指人)和直宾和直宾(指物指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.2022-5-24(3) 对宾语的判断 1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghaiafter his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 3. At last he

38、sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2. kindness 3. invention 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。格。 2022-5-24四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语复合宾语。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语. We elected him monitor. (名词

39、名词)We will make them happy. (形容词形容词)We found nobody in. (副词副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语介词短语)Dont let him do that. (省省to不定式不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带带to不定式不定式)Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词过去分词)2022-5-24五、主补：对主语的补充

40、。对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.2022-5-24六、定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词(过去分词)或短语等都可以充当定语。Amy is a chemistry teacher.(名词名词)He is our friend. (代词代词)We belong to the third world. (数词数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词形容词)The man o

41、ver there is my old friend.(副词副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去过去分词分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句定语从句)2022-5-24(6) 对定语的

42、判断 1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3. This is an _book. (interest) 4. The French artist said, “ it is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5. The book _ by Luxun is very

43、famous. ( write ) 6. Its a _ day ,ist it ? ( sun) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) interesting (4) first (5) written (6) sunny 分析分析:：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。 动词必须变形为：动词必须变形为：to do, doing 或或don

44、e 的形式。的形式。 2022-5-24七、状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。状语一般放七、状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。 I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.If you study hard, you wil

45、l pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.2022-5-24(7) 对状语的判断 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2. Watch _ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3. After flying in the s

46、torm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件，伴随情况的成分。果，条件，伴随情况的成分。 词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为to do, doing 或或done 。 2022-5-24 Dreams may be more important th

47、an sleep. Some people dont need much sleep. H_(1)_, we all need to dream according to the scientists. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams e_(2)_ night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films. They come to

48、 us over and again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something.（1）通过这个空格，大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词）通过这个空格，大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词However然而，我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验，一些人不需要太多的然而，我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验，一些人不需要太多的睡眠。然而，根据科学家所说，我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关睡眠。然而，根据科学家所说，我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关系。系。（2）从句子成分而言，）从句子成分而言，e_ nigh

49、t在句子中做时间状语，从词性来讲，在句子中做时间状语，从词性来讲，night是跟名词，前应用形容词来修饰，所以此处应该填的是是跟名词，前应用形容词来修饰，所以此处应该填的是every（3）在句子成分中，此处要不做的是状语，要不做的就是表语，若做表语（）在句子成分中，此处要不做的是状语，要不做的就是表语，若做表语（3）处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词，但是从整句句意来看，（处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词，但是从整句句意来看，（3）应该填的）应该填的是介词，在整句句子中作状语，表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影是介词，在整句句子中作状语，表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影2022-5-24Dreamin

50、g may be a w_(4)_ of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been t_(5)_ about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams.4）a冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语，而在（冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语，而在（4）有介词）有介词of，所以（所以（4）填的是一个名词，结合整句句子来看，做梦也）填的是一个名词，结合整句句子来看，做梦也许是尝试找到