1、被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 基本用法基本用法 特殊用法特殊用法 英语的语态分英语的语态分_和和_。 _ 表示主语是动作的执行者。表示主语是动作的执行者。 _ 则表示主语是动作的承受者。则表示主语是动作的承受者。 由由“助动词助动词_+_”构成:构成: Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。大家都喜欢他。 ( _语态语态) He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。他受到大家的喜欢。 ( _ 语态语态) 一、主动语态和被动语态概说一、主动语态和被动语态概说主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 be 过去分词过去分词
2、 主动主动 被动被动 二、何时使用被动语态二、何时使用被动语态1. 不知道谁是不知道谁是_或或 没有必要没有必要 如:如: Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 动作的执行者动作的执行者 二、何时使用被动语态二、何时使用被动语态2. 需要需要_时时 如:如: Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. 强调动作的承受者强调动作
3、的承受者 二、何时使用被动语态二、何时使用被动语态3. 为了使为了使_,避免提及自己,避免提及自己 或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要, 使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排。如:使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排。如: The work must be completed next month Electricity is used to run machines. 语气婉转语气婉转 二、何时使用被动语态二、何时使用被动语态三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法主动语态变被动语态的基本方法 将主动
4、语态的将主动语态的_变为被动语态变为被动语态 的的_,将主动谓语变为被动谓语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语 (_),将主动语态的主语变为,将主动语态的主语变为 _短语短语(在被动句中用作状语在被动句中用作状语): He broke the cup. _ 注意:注意:若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的 by短语通常可以省略:短语通常可以省略: 他生于他生于1986年。年。 _ 这种花叫什么花?这种花叫什么花? _宾语宾语 主语主语 be+过去分词过去分词 by The cup was broken by him. He was born in 1986. What is
5、this flower called? 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 2. 被动语态的时态被动语态的时态 时态回顾:时态回顾:(时态主要以(时态主要以谓语动词谓语动词的不同的不同 形式体现出来。)形式体现出来。)时时 态态形形 式式一一般般式式进行进行式式完成完成式式一般现在时一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时一般过去时 did一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 will/shall dowould/should do现在进行时现在进行时 is/am/are doingwas/were doing过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 has/hav
6、e done过去完成时过去完成时 had done三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(1) 一般现在时的被动语态:一般现在时的被动语态: _ 我们学校学英语。我们学校学英语。 _ 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。我们在学校受到很好的照顾。 _ am /is/ are+过去分词过去分词 English is taught in our school. We are taken good care of at school. 三
7、、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:一般过去时的被动语态: _ 他被带到了警察局。他被带到了警察局。 _ 这座房子是这座房子是10年前建的。年前建的。 _was /were+过去分词过去分词 He was taken to the police station. The house was built ten years ago. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动
8、语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(3) 一般将来时的被动语态:一般将来时的被动语态: _ 不久这里将建一栋新楼。不久这里将建一栋新楼。 _ 会议将于今天下午会议将于今天下午2点举行。点举行。 _A new building will be built here soon. will be+过去分词过去分词 The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动
9、结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(4) 过去将来时的被动语态:过去将来时的被动语态: _ 他说会议将于下周举于。他说会议将于下周举于。 _would be+过去分词过去分词 He said that the meeting would be held the next week. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(5
10、) 现在完成时的被动语态:现在完成时的被动语态: _ 所有的工作现在都做好了。所有的工作现在都做好了。 _ 信都寄了吗?信都寄了吗? _ have /has been+过去分词过去分词 All the work has been done now. Have the letters been posted? 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(6) 过去完成时的被动语态:过去完成时的被动语态: _ 他说工作已完成了。他
11、说工作已完成了。 _ had been+过去分词过去分词 He said the work had been finished. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(7) 现在进行时的被动语态:现在进行时的被动语态: _ 我的表正在由他修理。我的表正在由他修理。 _ 计划现在正在讨论。计划现在正在讨论。 _am /is/ are being+过去分词过去分词 My watch is being repaired by
12、him. The plan is now being discussed. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:(8) 过去进行时的被动语态:过去进行时的被动语态: _ 他说那个人正在动手术。他说那个人正在动手术。 _ 他说正在修建一个新车站。他说正在修建一个新车站。 _was /were being+过去分词过去分词 He said that the man was being operated on. He told
13、 me that a new station was being built. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:3. 含有情态动词的被动形式含有情态动词的被动形式 若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应 的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其 结构为结构为“_”: Everyone must know this. _情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过
14、去分词 This must be known by everyone. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词过去分词”中的中的be动词动词来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:请看以下带情态动词被动句实例:请看以下带情态动词被动句实例: 这不是短期内可以完成的。这不是短期内可以完成的。 _ 这可以由机器来做吗这可以由机器来做吗? _ 这工作必须马上做了。这工作必须马上做了。 _This cant be done in a short time. Can this be done by m
15、achine? The work must be done at once. 练习练习 1. They will reprint the book soon. _2. They can not find him. _3. The rabbits will eat the carrots. _4. They have set up a power station in their home town. _ The book will be reprinted soon.He can not be found by them.The carrots will be eaten by the rab
16、bits.A power station has been set up in .练习练习 5. I often play basketball on Sundays. _6. The Russian businessman will buy the famous painting by Xu Beihong. _7. They had build three ships by last December. _Basketball is often played by me on .The famous painting by Xu Beihong willbe bought by the R
17、ussian businessman.Three ships had been built by last .练习练习 8. We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. _9. The workers are repairing the main building of the school _.Several big modern power plants shallbe built in our city next year.The main building of the school is
18、beingrepaired by the workers.练习练习 10. The teacher will mark the students homework tonight. _11. Somebody had cleaned my shoes. _The students homework will be markedby the teacher tonight.My shoes had been cleaned by some.四、其它用法四、其它用法 1. 带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态 时,通常是把时,通常是把_(指指_ )变变 为被动语态的
19、主语,而把为被动语态的主语,而把_ (指指_)保留下来保留下来(称为保留宾语称为保留宾语): He answered me that question. _带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词 I was answered that question by him. 间接宾语间接宾语 人人 直接宾语直接宾语 事物事物 四、其它用法四、其它用法 有的动词则通常把有的动词则通常把_宾语宾语(指事物指事物) 变为被动语态的主语,而把变为被动语态的主语,而把_宾语宾语 改为介词改为介词to 或或for引起的状语引起的状语 (到底用到底用to 还是还是for与所搭配的动词有关与所搭配的动词有关): He wro
20、te her a letter. _. (与动词与动词write搭配用介词搭配用介词_) She made him a new coat. _. (与动词与动词make搭配用介词搭配用介词_)直接宾语直接宾语 间接间接 A letter was written to her. to A new coat was made for him. for 带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词四、其它用法四、其它用法 带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词 有时以上两种方式均可用:有时以上两种方式均可用: He gave her some money. _. _. He bought her a watch. _. _.
21、She was given some money. Some money was given to him. A watch was bought for her. She was bought a watch. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词 练习练习 1. He showed me his pictures. _. _. 2. Aunt made me a new dress. _. _. 3. He sent me a birthday present. _. _.I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were
22、 shown to me by him. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. I was sent a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 含复合宾语的动词含复合宾语的动词 2含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变。含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变。 (1)将宾语变为主语,宾补不变。)将宾语变为主语,宾补不变。 如:如: They call her XiaoLi. _ He lef
23、t the door open. _She is called XiaoLi.The door war left open by him. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 含复合宾语的动词含复合宾语的动词 2含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变。含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变。 (2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice, help等动词后接不定式做宾补一般等动词后接不定式做宾补一般 不加不加to,但变为被动时,必须加,但变为被动时,必须加to。 如:如: My brother often made me do this and that whe
24、n I was young. _ when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. _ last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? _? I was often made to do this and that by my .She was heard to move about in Was Jack seen to take away the magazine 四、其它用法四、其它用法 动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 一般来讲,只有一
25、般来讲,只有_才有被动语态,才有被动语态,因为只有因为只有vt. 才能有动作的承受者才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由但有许多由_+_及其他词类构成的短及其他词类构成的短语动词,相当与及物动词,可以有宾语。因而语动词,相当与及物动词,可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态,但应注意动词短语是一个不可以有被动语态,但应注意动词短语是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时,不可丢掉构成短语可分割的整体。变被动时,不可丢掉构成短语的的_或或_这样的短语有:这样的短语有:look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward
26、 to, make use of, etc. 如:如: 及物动词及物动词 不及物动词不及物动词 介词介词 介词介词 副词副词 四、其它用法四、其它用法 动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. _ They will set up a new public school here. _ The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. A new public school will be set up here.
27、 四、其它用法四、其它用法 4. 许多动词如许多动词如_, _, _, _, 既可以用做既可以用做_,也可以在被也可以在被 动语态结构中做动语态结构中做_。句中如果。句中如果 有介词有介词_,通常是被动语态。,通常是被动语态。 如:如: worried brokeninterestedshutadj. 过去分词过去分词 by I was worried about you all night. (表_) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表_) The glass was broken by Jack. (表_) The glass is brok
28、en. (表_ ) I was frightened by his ghost story. (表_ ) She was frightened at the sight of a snake. (表_ ) 状态状态 状态状态 动作动作 动作动作 动作动作 状态状态 四、其它用法四、其它用法 5. 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 一些表示感受、感官的连系动词如:一些表示感受、感官的连系动词如: look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等主等主 语是物时,可用主动表被动:语是物时,可用主动表被动: 这座建筑看上去很美这座建筑看上去很美. _ 她的
29、声音听起来非常甜美她的声音听起来非常甜美. _ The building looks very beautiful. Her voice sounded quite sweet. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 5. 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 一些表示感受、感官的连系动词如:一些表示感受、感官的连系动词如: look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等主等主 语是物时,可用主动表被动:语是物时,可用主动表被动: 这座建筑看上去很美这座建筑看上去很美. _ 她的声音听起来非常甜美她的声音听起来非常甜美. _ The building looks
30、very beautiful. Her voice sounded quite sweet. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 5. 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 一些一些vi主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. 这书卖得好。这书卖得好。 _ 这门不能开。这门不能开。 _ The books sells well. The door ca
31、nt open. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 不定式不定式be to blame (for sth.) (应该受责应该受责 备备, 对某坏事应负责任对某坏事应负责任 ), be to let(出租)(出租) 作表语时,主动形式表被动含义作表语时,主动形式表被动含义 。 他该受到责备。他该受到责备。 _ 哪位司机要对这次事故负责?哪位司机要对这次事故负责? _Which driver was to blame for the accident? He is to blame. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 主动形式表被动主动形式表被动 表(表(sth.)需要的)需要的ne
32、ed ,want, require等等 后的后的v-ing 用主动形式表被动含义。用主动形式表被动含义。 这房间需要清洁。这房间需要清洁。 _ The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. be worth后的后的v-ing主动形式表被动含义。主动形式表被动含义。 这本书值得读。这本书值得读。 _ The book is worth reading. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 主动句中的宾语是从句主动句中的宾语是从句 6. 主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动时使主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动时使 用形式替代词用形式替代词 it. 如: We know that
33、 Britain is an island country. _ The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages. _ Its known that Britain is an island country. Its said that this book has been translated into several languages 四、其它用法四、其它用法 7. 谓语动词是以下时,无被动。谓语动词是以下时,无被动。 如: happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合
34、), have, let, join, fall, last(延长),cost(花费) break out(爆发)appear, lack(缺乏), hold(容纳), burst out(迸发), agree with(同意)。 牢房里发生斗殴。牢房里发生斗殴。_ Fighting broke out in the prison cells. 四、其它用法四、其它用法 8. 在一些固句型中常用被动语态结构如:在一些固句型中常用被动语态结构如: It is said that 据说据说,人们说,人们说 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It is hoped that 人们
35、希望人们希望 It is well known that 众所周知众所周知 It is believed that 人们相信人们相信 It must be admitted that 必须承认必须承认 It must be pointed that 必须指出的是必须指出的是 一般人都相信健康重于财富。一般人都相信健康重于财富。 It is believed that health is above wealth. 五、练习五、练习 1. Our English teacher often uses a tape -recorder in teaching English. _2. The vi
36、llagers gave the foreign guests warm welcome. _3. They heard someone singing in the next room. _A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English. The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers. Someone was heard singing in the next. 五、练习五、练习 4. The trees shou
37、ld be watered every day. _5. We must take good care of the children. _6. The firefighters have put out the big fire. _We should water the trees every day. The children must be taken good care of . The big fire has been put out . 五、练习五、练习 7. 这房子属于我。这房子属于我。 _8. 这音乐听起来很悦耳。这音乐听起来很悦耳。 _9. 这种笔在那个国家很好销。这种笔在那个国家很好销。 _ This room belongs to me. This music sounds sweet. This pen sells well in that country.
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