文艺复兴-英文简介-ppt课件.ppt

1、RENAISSANCE1ppt课件 The Renaissance refers to the period in European civilization towards the end of the Middle Ages, which was characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance emerged when social instability, economic sluggishness and intellectual depression beca

2、me so intolerable that most of the people, especially the intellectuals could no longer accept the worsening situation. The Renaissance as a movement first started in Florence and then expanded to Venice, Rome and other Italian cities before it swept the rest parts of Europe. Painting and sculpture

3、were the most sensitive fields to the change with their subjects and tastes, shifting from dullness, stagnation, lack of emotion and divinity to dynamics, enthusiasm and humanitarianism. Literature and ideology soon followed Get Started_1.2Get Started2ppt课件Get Started_1.3Get Startedas other importan

4、t areas proceeded and the movement further separated itself from feudalistic tyranny, ecclesiastic bondage and sought intellectual freedom and ideological emancipation. The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultur

5、al production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved. The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, dram

6、a and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate.3ppt课件Text Study _II_1.2Text StudyMain IdeasMain IdeasFeature: The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production a

7、nd religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved. The most striking feature of the Renaissance was doubtlessly the flourish of humanism.4ppt课件Get Started_1.4Get Started

8、 The Renaissance was an important stage in the historical process of the Western civilization and indicated a transitional period from the Middle Ages to the modern era in the development of Western culture. Economic and intellectual changes during the Renaissance both helped to speed up Western soc

9、ial and cultural development and prepared the necessary conditions for the rapid progress in political, social and ideological areas of the Modern Age.5ppt课件Summary of RenaissanceAfter the middle ages began a period of “rebirth” in Europe, a period which began in the city-states of Italy. The new sp

10、irit of the era was that of humanism, which was much different from the highly religious period that came before it. 6ppt课件Humanism Humanism is an approach in study, philosophy, worldview or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. It was a cultural movement in Italy based on and inspired

11、 by the study of classical works.7ppt课件How would you compare the Middle Ages to Renaissance Italy?8ppt课件Middle Ages vs. Renaissance400-1400 Religious Rural culture Arts are God-centered Poor Intellectual stagnation1400-1600 “Humanist” Urban culture Arts more human-centered Wealthy New ideas are disc

12、ussed9ppt课件What are the main causes of the Renaissance in Italy?10ppt课件What are the main causes of the Renaissance in Italy? The invention of the printing press 1440 The siege of Constantinople 1453 Italian urban culture Italian trade and contact with other cultures11ppt课件Printing Press - 1440A prin

13、ting press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention of the printing press is widely regarded as the most influential event in the second millennium AD, revolutioni

14、zing the way people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushering in the period of modernity.12ppt课件Printing Press - 1440The man who invented the printing press was Johannes Gutenberg, from Germany. This image shows what is known as the Gutenberg edition of the Bible, the first wide-spr

15、ead edition of the Bible. Before, monks in monastaries would have to write the Bible by hand, so they were more difficult to come by for the average person.13ppt课件Movable type14ppt课件Printing PressThis is a pair of workers at a press. Using the new invention, they could print about 3,600 pages per da

16、y.15ppt课件Why did the printing press help lead to the Renaissance?16ppt课件Siege of Constantinople 1453君士坦丁堡的陷落 Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul in Turkey) was the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the last vestige of the Eastern Roman Empire. 17ppt课件Siege of Constantinople - 1453The Ottoman Empire (

17、also known as the “Turks”) laid siege to the city for over a month, and it finally fell under their control. Here you can see the cannon, a relatively new weapon.18ppt课件How did the fall of Constantinople lead to the Renaissance?19ppt课件Italian Urban CultureItaly at this time was divided into many sma

18、ller kingdoms. Like the rest of Europe, there was no real centralized monarchy. But in Italy, these smaller states usually had a large urban area (unlink Medieval kingdoms, which tended to be much more agrarian and rural). These were called city-states, and also tended to be wealthier than the place

19、s in northern Europe. This was due in part to its focus on trade with other nations.20ppt课件Map of Italian City-States(1494)21ppt课件Italian contact with other culturesBecause of its convenient location in the Mediterranean, Italian city-states had an advantage over Northern Europe (the Hanseatic Leagu

20、e) in that they were in the ideal location to trade with the rest of the world. The Mediterranean sea (地中海) is an ideal place to trade with other nations of vastly different culture.22ppt课件Italian contact with other culturesIn the 1200s and 1300s, Italian city-states did a lot of trade, shipping thi

21、ngs from the famous “Silk Road”, with products that came from China and India. This of course brought Italy into contact with other cultures and helped the city-states accumulate wealth (think of Marco Polo of the Venetian Republic). For the upper-classes, the wealth enabled a new “bourgeois culture

22、” characterized by leisure and self-cultivation, and the contact with other cultures brought an “openness” in Italy not seen in other European places at the time.23ppt课件Patronage of the Arts 提倡艺术The most famous patron of the arts was Lorenzo de Medici, a leader of Florence and a member of the wealth

23、y Medici family. Due to the spending of people like the Medicis, art of the Renaissance was able to flourish as sculptors, architects, and artists were able to focus their attention on their work instead of trying to find a way to make money.24ppt课件FlorenceFlorence (of Tuscany) is known as the “City

24、 of Flowers.” This city is usually considered the birthplace and center of the Italian Renaissance, and is known for its wealthy Medici family who ruled the city through the period.25ppt课件Medici Chapels26ppt课件27ppt课件28ppt课件MilanCenter of “Lombardy”29ppt课件Venice30ppt课件Genoa31ppt课件Literature of the Re

25、naissance Giovanni Boccaccio The Decameron Nicolo Machiavelli The Prince Francesco Petrarch Various Love Poetry32ppt课件Famous Men of the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Donatello Raphael33ppt课件 Leonardo Michelangelo Donatello Raphael 34ppt课件Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Leonardo da Vinci w

26、as an Italian Renaissance polymath (博学者): painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo has of

27、ten been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of unquenchable curiosity and feverishly inventive imagination35ppt课件Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Some of his greatest and most famous works include The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. 36ppt课件Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) 37ppt课件“Renaissa

28、nce Man”It means a person who can do almost anything, in a wide range of different subjects. Leonardo da Vinci is the most famous example of a Renaissance man, but the expression can even be used to describe people not from the Renaissance. Aristotle, for instance, is another example. 38ppt课件Michela

29、ngelo (1475-1564)Michelangelo was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.39ppt课件Michelangelo (1475-1564)Pieta, is a sculptureof Mary holding the dead body of Jesus.40ppt课件Michelangelo (1475-1564)

30、Statue of DavidWho is David?41ppt课件Story of David and GoliathGoliath, the leader of the Philistine people, challenged any man brave enough to fight him. For 40 days he emerged from his army, two times each day, waiting for someone brave enough to challenge him. Anybody that defeated him would cause

31、the Philistine army to leave Israel. David, the future king of Israel (though right now only a shepherd boy) accepts the challenge and kills him with a sling.42ppt课件Michelangelo (1475-1564)Ceiling of Sistine Chapel took four years to complete.43ppt课件Text Study _III_2.1Interpretation of Cultural Term

32、sText StudySistine Chapel 西斯廷教堂西斯廷教堂: the private church in the Vatican for Pope, famous for the magnificent designs and frescoes made by Michelangelo during the Renaissance Interpretation of Cultural Terms44ppt课件Text Study _III_2.1Interpretation of Cultural TermsText StudyInterpretation of Cultural

33、 Terms45ppt课件Michelangelo (1475-1564)What is different about this painting from previous medieval paintings?46ppt课件Donatello (1386-1466)Donatello was an early Renaissance Italian artist and sculptor from Florence. He is most famous for his bronze statues.47ppt课件Donatello (1386-1466)Bronze casting of

34、 David.48ppt课件Raphael (1483-1520)Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the ideal of human grandeur.49ppt课件Raphael (1483-1520)Madonna of the Meadow, a “pastoral” work,

35、 which means it has to do with the village or country life.50ppt课件Raphael (1483-1520)School of Athens51ppt课件Patron of the Arts activityLike Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries, China is also going through a period of economic growth. Wealthy people in China are now with more money to spend, and it

36、has been noted that spending on the arts has increased a lot when compared to the past. I want you to get into your groups. Each group is a wealthy family that wants to support artistic endeavors. You have 6,500,000,000RMB (1,000,000,000USD) that you want to spend. What kind of projects would you su

37、pport? What will you have built, painted? Which artists will you hire? Why do you want to support this kind of art?52ppt课件Medieval Fashion53ppt课件Renaissance Fashion54ppt课件Renaissance Fashion55ppt课件Renaissance Fashion56ppt课件Renaissance Fashion57ppt课件Renaissance Fashion58ppt课件Ideal Beauty59ppt课件60ppt课

38、件Renaissance in France61ppt课件Franois Rabelais （拉伯雷was a major French Renaissance writer, doctor and Renaissance humanist and was a monk and Greek scholar . He has historically been regarded as a writer of fantasy, satire, the grotesque (丑陋的), and bawdy (骚话) jokes and songs. He wrote Gargantua and Pa

39、ntagruel巨人传.62ppt课件Renaissance in Spain63ppt课件1492 in Spain!1492 was a big year for Spain.-Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas-Granada was taken (this event is called the Reconquista), thus unifying the Iberian Peninsula-Intensification (增强) of the Spanish Inquisition -Jews and Muslims were

40、 expelled from the country (赶出国门)64ppt课件Reconquista (Reconquer)The Reconquista is a process that took several hundred years. After the Battle of Tours in year 732, Spain still remained largely Muslim. Little by little, the Christians “reconquered” Spain and made it Christian once again, completing t

41、he process after taking back Granada in 1492.65ppt课件Cervantes（赛万提）He is known as the most influential man on the Spanish language, so much so that Spanish is often referred to as la lengua de Cervantes. His best know work is Don Quixote, a story about the hero Don Quixote and his companion Sancho Pa

42、nza.66ppt课件Don Quixote（唐吉诃德）The story is about a man of nearly fifty years of age. While mostly rational, the effect of reading many Romances and novels has had distorted his perception. He believes every word of these books and decides to go on adventures himself. 67ppt课件Renaissance in the Low Coun

43、triesThe Low Countries refers to the area of The Netherlands (荷兰) and Belgium (比利时).68ppt课件Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus (1466 1536), known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, and a theologian from The Netherlands. He was known for being committed to re

44、forming the Church, though not as extreme as Martin Luther. He served as an inspiration to Luther.69ppt课件Hieronymus Bosch（耶罗尼米斯博斯 ） Hieronymus Bosch was a Dutch (from The Netherlands) painter. His work is known for its use of fantastic imagery to illustrate moral and religious concepts and narrative

45、s.70ppt课件Hieronymus BoschThe Garden of Earthly Delights71ppt课件Hieronymus BoschDetail from Hell72ppt课件Pieter Bruegel the Elder（老彼得勃鲁盖尔） Pieter Bruegel (c. 1525 1569) was a Flemish renaissance painter and printmaker known for his landscapes and peasant scenes.73ppt课件Pieter Bruegel the ElderLandscape w

46、ith the Fall of Icarus74ppt课件Pieter Bruegel the ElderTower of Babel75ppt课件Pieter Bruegel the ElderReturn of the Hunters is part of a 6-part series meant to depict different times of the year.76ppt课件Renaissance in EnglandDue to such circumstances as the War of the Roses (a civil war between the House

47、s of York and Lancaster) and Englands relatively isolated geographic location, the Renaissance did not make it to England until much later. It was not until the reign of Elizabeth I that stability came to England, allowing the arts to finally flourish.77ppt课件Thomas MoreSir Thomas More (1478 1535) wa

48、s an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councillor to Henry VIII of England and was an opponent of the Protestant Reformation and in particular of Martin Luther.More coined the word “utopia” (乌托邦) a name he gave to the ideal, ima

49、ginary island nation whose political system he described in Utopia, published in 1516. He opposed the kings separation from the Catholic Church and refused to accept the king as Supreme Head of the Church of England. In 1534, he was imprisoned for his refusal to take the oath required by the First S

50、uccession Act, because the act disparaged (轻视) the power of the Pope and Henrys marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In 1535, he was tried for treason, convicted on perjured testimony, and beheaded.78ppt课件ShakespeareShakespeare (1564 1616) was a playwright that lived through the Elizabethan period of En