翻译技巧词序调整法PPT课件.ppt

1、.1翻译技巧：词序调整法英汉两种语言中主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语的语序大体一致，皆遵循“主语+谓语+宾语（或表语）的规则。但由于表达习惯和排列规则上存在种种差异，各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英汉语言中则有许多不同之处。汉语：他出生于北京。（主-谓-地点状语）英语：He was born in Beijing. （主-谓-地点状语）汉语：他正在卧室里睡觉。（主-地点状语-谓）英语：He is sleeping in the bedroom. （主-谓-地点状语）这就要求在英汉翻译中对词序加以必要的调整或改变，以便使译文更加通顺、自然。下面着重探讨英汉翻译中需要调整词序的几种情况：定语、状

2、语、插入语、倒装结构、平行成分。.2定语词序的调整英语中的定语既可以由单词担当，也可以由短语或从句充任，既可以置于所修饰的中心词之前，又可以位于所修饰的中心词之后。汉语的定语一般放在所修饰的中心词之前。e.g. something important （后置）重要的事情（前置）如果英语中名词前的定语太多，译文则不宜完全前置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。e.g. a little, yellow, ragged beggar （前置）一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛（后置）This is the only reference book available here on the

3、subject.The neighbors upstairs came to his rescue and drove him to the hospital. 这是这里唯一能找到的有关该题目的参考书。楼上的邻居赶来帮助他，开车把他送往了医院。.3He wanted to get someone reliable to help with the work.Everybody present was deeply moved.He was one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem.在场的

4、每个人深受感动。他想找一个可靠的人帮忙做这项工作。他是最早注意到这一问题的英语语法学家之一。.4The advertisements in newspapers and TV and radio broadcasts announce to the public the news of great bargains and sales.报纸、电视和广播的广告向公众发布廉价商品和大甩卖的消息。.5状语词序的调整单词作状语英语中单词作状语修饰形容词或其他状语时，通常放在它所修饰的形容词或状语前面，这一点与汉语相同。He was very active in class （前置）他在班上很活跃。（前

5、置）英语中单词作状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而在汉语里则放在动词之前。Modern science and technology are developing rapidly.（后置）现代科学技术正在迅速发展。（前置）英语中表示程度的状语在修饰状语时可前置也可后置，而在汉语中一般都前置。He is running fast enough. （后置）他跑得够快的了。（前置）.6状语词序的调整短语作状语英语中短语作状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后，译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的。Seeing this, some of us became very worried.

6、 （前置）看到这种情况，我们有些人心里很着急。（前置）.7I remember having seen him somewhere.He is a responsible man in spite of his shortcomings.There isnt such a word in English so far as I know.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.我记得在哪儿见过他。他尽管有缺点，却是一个负责的人。据我所知，英语里并没有这样一个词。万一有什么困难，请给我一个信。.8 一个句子中同时出现几个状语时的词序调整

7、 英语：方式状语-地点状语-时间状语 汉语：时间状语-地点状语-方式状语They heatedly discussed the subject in the classroom yesterday evening.2004年6月3日上午10时，她出生于中国河南省郑州市。他们昨晚在教室热烈地讨论了这个题目。She was born at ten in the morning, June 3, 2004, in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.9插入语词序的调整 插入语通常与句中其它成分在语法上并无十分密切的联系，将其省却的句子仍然成立。插入语一般用逗号

8、与句子其他部分隔开，常用来对全句加以补充说明或表达个人看法。其在句中的位置较灵活。She is not quite fit for this kind of work, if I may say so.There were eighteen people present, to be precise.如果我可以这样说的话，她做这工作不怎么太合适。确切地说，出席的有18人。.10倒装句词序的调整根据汉语的表达习惯，有些英语倒装句仍可基本保持原文的词序。但在很多情况下需对原有的词序加以调整，以便使译文更加地道自然。Something we gladly remember; others we gl

9、adly forget.Our society has changed and so have the people in it.Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.有些事情我们高兴牢记，有些事，我们乐得忘却。社会变了，人也变了。他还没说完，就有人起来驳斥他的论点。.11并列成分的词序调整英语中并列成分的词序一般按照逻辑上的轻重、前后、因果或部分-整体的顺序安排，而汉语通常将较大、较强、较突出的成分前置。elementary and secondary schools heal the wounded an

10、d rescue the dying food, clothing, shelter and transportation中小学救死扶伤衣食住行.12翻译技巧：句序调整法 时间顺序英语复合句中，表示时间的从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，汉语中则通常先叙述先发生的事，后叙述后发生的事。例1. I went out for a walk after I had my dinner.英语复合句中有时包含两个以上的时间从句，各个时间从句的次序比较灵活，汉语则一般按事情发生的先后安排其位置。例2. He had just come back the day before from the be

11、ach (1) where he had a wonderful time after the completion of the construction job (2) he had been engaged in the south (3).我吃了晚饭后出去散步。他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就上海边去度假，在那里玩得很开心，昨天才回来。.13逻辑顺序表示因果关系的英语复合句中，因果顺序灵活，在汉语中多数情况是原因在前，结果在后。He had to stay in bed because he was ill.因为他病了，他只好呆在床上。表示条件、假设与结果关系的英语复合句

12、中，条件、假设与结果的顺序也不固定，在汉语中则是条件在前，结果在后。I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be make.如果安排得好，我还是希望你来。表示目的与行动关系的英语复合句中，目的与行动的顺序比较固定，多数是行动在前，目的在后。汉语也如此。但有时为了强调，也可把目的放在行动之前。Better take your umbrella in case it rains.最好带上伞以防下雨。.14翻译练习the sum totalan unheard-of thingI do it because I like it.Il

13、l let you know as soon as it is arranged.I saw him in Nanjing last winter.总额闻所未闻的事因为我喜欢我才做。一安排好我就通知你。我是去年冬天在南京看见他的。.15It did not take long, however, for men to realize that there were some things he was more capable of doing than others and that it would benefit him to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly proficient and leave others to produce the goods that called for skills which he did not possess.但是，不久人们就意识到，有些事情他能比别人做得更好，而且，假如他集中精力生产那些他擅长生产的商品，而让其他人去生产那些需要别的技能（而这些技能他是不具备的）才能生产出来的商品，那么他就有利可图了。