2018年南京航空航天大学考研专业课试题246英语.pdf

1、 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 1 页 共 5 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学 2012018 8 年年硕士硕士研究生入学考试初试试题研究生入学考试初试试题（ A A 卷卷 ） 科目代码: 246 满分: 100 分 科目名称: 英语 注意: 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在所有答案必须写在答题纸答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！ I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points) Direct

2、ions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. “Why didnt you buy it?” “I _ but I didnt have the money.” A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought 2. The board deemed

3、 it urgent that these files _ right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 3. I have heard both colleagues and boss _ well of him. A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak 4. Jean worked just so much _. A. like what she was told to B. a

4、s she was told to C. as to what she tried to do D. like she was told to 5. This union, _ the 1990s, provides financial assistance to support laid-off workers. A. when it was founded B. was founded C. which was founded in D. was founded in 6. As he was blamed for damage he hadnt caused, indignation _

5、 up in him. A. surged B. appeared C. rose D. soared 7. If the fire alarm is sounded, all students are requested to _ in the courtyard. A. converge B. assemble C. crowd D. accumulate 8. If Peter wins tomorrow, he _ thirty races in the past four years. A. will win B. has won C. would have won D. will

6、have won 9. Petrol is manufactured from the _ oil we take out of the ground. A. rough B. raw C. crude D. tough 10. The size of the audience, _ we had expected, was well over one thousand. A. whom B. as C. who D. that 11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _ the behavior of animal depend

7、s mainly on instinct. A. so B. unless C. however D. whereas 12. He _ the meeting, but upon learning that they would discuss something irrelevant to his field of study, he dropped the idea. A. was going to attend B. had attended C. were to attend D. would have attended 13. The computer is the only on

8、e _ to issue tickets on the plane. A. to allow B. allowed C. allowing D. to have allowed 14. So confused _ that he didnt know how to start his lecture. A. since he became B. that he became C. would he become D. did he become 15. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit people _ harm them. A. m

9、ore than B. rather than C. other than D. better than 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 2 页 共 5 页 16. This rock has to be _ in order to build a road. A. blasted B. explored C. hired D. maintained 17. When they returned to the river, they found that the boat had _ away. A. framed B. frosted C. frowned D. floated 18.

10、 The English proverb “_ the rod and spoil the child” means that if you keep from punishing the child, you will spoil its character. A. rule B. spare C. clap D. rug 19. After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries passed _ they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also rep

11、el things. A. before B. until C. after D. since 20. In that country, students will be _ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed. A. declined B. deprived C. denied D. deserted II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them

12、there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice. Passage 1 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is alwa

13、ys much better to tell a story than to read it out of a book and, if a parent can produce an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to

14、 show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. On the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated

15、 cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having been told the story on only one occasion. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who ob

16、ject to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I fi

17、nd such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their en

18、chanted girlfriend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was. 21. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _. A. repeated without variation B. treated with reverence C. adapted by the parent D. s

19、et in the past 22. The word “overt” (paragraph 2) means _. A. acute B. authentic C. apparent D. artificial 23. According to the passage, great fear can be stimulated in a child when a story is _. A. filled with excitement B. heard only once C. repeated too often D. read out of a book 24. According t

20、o the passage, the advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 3 页 共 5 页 _. A. makes them come to terms with their fears B. develops their power of memory C. convinces them there is something to be afraid of D. encourages them not to have ridiculous

21、beliefs 25. The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _. A. fairy stories are still being vividly made up B. children do not easily accept fairy tales as they are C. people try their best to modernize old fairy stories D. there is more concern for childrens fears now

22、adays Passage 2 Psychologists have found that privately made confidential resolutions are rarely followed, whereas a public commitment to achieve some goal, such as losing weight or giving up smoking is likely to be much more effective. This is because the approval of others for doing something desi

23、rable is valued. In contrast, disapproval for failure can lead to feelings of shame. Advertising agencies have designed studies bearing out the truth of this observation. In this research, a group of strangers was bombarded with information about the qualities of a particular product. They were then

24、 asked to either announce out loud or write down privately whether they intended to buy the product. It was later discovered that those who publicly declared their intention to buy were considerably more likely to do so than those who affirmed their intentions in private. In another study, an experi

25、menter claiming to represent a local utility company interviewed house owners telling them he was investigating ways in which energy consumption could be reduced. Half the subjects, randomly selected, were told that if they agreed to conserve energy their names would be mentioned in an article publi

26、shed in the local newspaper; the remaining half were told their names would not be used. All those interviewed agreed to cooperate and signed a form either giving consent for their names to be used or stating that their names would not be used. Later in the year, the amount of gas consumed in each h

27、ouse was recorded. The owners who had agreed to their names being published had used significantly less gas than those who remained anonymous. 26. It can be inferred that all of the following help motivate a person to achieve a goal EXCEPT_. A. a desire for approval B. a fear of disapproval C. a fea

28、r of failure D. a sense of non-commitment 27. Why were advertising agencies interested in conducting their study? A. They wanted to introduce a new way of promoting products. B. They wanted to demonstrate the quality of their products. C. They wanted to know if people intended to purchase their prod

29、ucts. D. They wanted to find the best way to get people to buy their products. 28. According to the passage, the anonymous subjects in the energy-consumption experiment A. didnt cooperate B. didnt sign a form C. didnt want their names published D. didnt use significantly less gas 29. How did the exp

30、erimenter find out the amount of gas the subjects used? A. By recording the amount of gas used B. By stating the amount of gas in the contract C. By publishing the amount of gas consumed in each house D. By giving people a limited amount of gas to use 科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 4 页 共 5 页 30. This passage su

31、pports which of the following conclusions? A. Commitments made in private are more likely to fail. B. Disapproval for failure makes people less willing to make public commitments. C. Intentions affirmed in private are more effective than those published in newspapers. D. Well-informed people are mor

32、e likely to publicly declare their intentions. Passage 3 The danger of misinterpretation is greatest, of course, among speakers who actually speak different native tongues, or come from different cultural backgrounds, because cultural difference necessarily implies different assumptions about natura

33、l and obvious ways to be polite. Anthropologist Thomas Kochman gives the example of a white office worker who appeared with a bandaged arm and felt rejected because her black fellow worker didnt mention it. The doubly wounded worker assumed that her silent colleague didnt notice or didnt care. But t

34、he co-worker was purposely not calling attention to something her colleague might not want to talk about. She let her decide whether or not to mention it, being considerate by not imposing. Kochman says, based on his research, that these differences reflect recognizable black and white styles. An Am

35、erican woman visiting England was repeatedly offended even, on bad days, enraged when the British ignored her in setting in which she thought they should pay attention. For example, she was sitting at a booth in a railway-station cafeteria. A couple began to settle into the opposite seat in the same

36、 booth. They unloaded their luggage; they laid their coats on the seat; he asked what she would like to eat and went off to get it; she slid into the booth facing the American. And throughout all this, they showed no sign of having noticed that someone was already sitting in the booth. When the Brit

37、ish woman lit up a cigarette, the American had a concrete object for her anger. She began ostentatiously looking around for another table to move to. Of course there was none; thats why the British couple had sat in her booth in the first place. The smoker immediately crushed out her cigarette and a

38、pologized. This showed that she had noticed that someone else was sitting in the booth, and that she was not inclined to disturb her. But then she went back to pretending the American wasnt there, a ruse in which her husband collaborated when he returned with their food and they ate it. To the Ameri

39、can, politeness requires talk between strangers forced to share a booth in a cafeteria, if only a fleeting “Do you mind if I sit down?” or a conventional, “Is anyone sitting here?” even if its obvious no one is. The omission of such talk seemed to her like dreadful rudeness. The American couldnt see

40、 that another system of politeness was at work. By not acknowledging her presence, the British couple freed her from the obligation to acknowledge theirs. The American expected a show of involvement; they were being polite by not imposing. An American man who had lived for years in Japan explained a

41、 similar politeness ethic. He lived, as many Japanese do, in extremely close quarters a tiny room separated from neighboring rooms by paper-thin walls. In this case the walls were literally made of paper. In order to preserve privacy in this most un-private situation, his Japanese neighbor with the

42、door open, they steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they were alone in a desert. The American confessed to feeling what I believe most American would feel if a next-door neighbor passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presence snubbed. But he realized that the intention was not ru

43、deness by omitting to show involvement, but politeness by not imposing. The fate of the earth depends on cross-cultural communication. Nations must reach agreements, and agreements are made by individual representatives of nations sitting down and talking to each other public analogues of private co

44、nversation. The processes are the same, and so are the pitfalls. Only the possible consequences are more extreme. 31. In Thomas Kochmans example, when the white office worker appeared with a bandaged arm, why did her colleague keep silent? A. Because she didnt care about her white colleague at all.

45、科目代码：246 科目名称：英语 第 5 页 共 5 页 B. Because she was considerate by imposing on her. C. Because she didnt want to embarrass her white colleague. D. Because she was aware of their different cultural backgrounds. 32. What is the best definition for the word “imposing” in paragraph 2? A. Unreasonably expect

46、ing someone to do something. B. Using your authority to make sure a rule is kept. C. Acting in a grand, impressive way. D. Causing troubles to oneself. 33. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage? A. The British would like to avoid talking to strangers in public. B. The American wou

47、ld like to be imposed in different settings. C. The British expect a small talk between strangers who are forced to share a booth in a cafeteria. D. The American enjoy being ignored in unfamiliar settings. 34. What seems to be Japanese behavior in order to preserve privacy in close quarters? A. They

48、 would separate their rooms by paper-thin walls. B. They act as if they have never known someone living next to them. C. They are very friendly and considerate to their neighbors. D. They pull their face long and glue steadfastly their gaze ahead. 35. Which of the following can serve as the best tit

49、le for the passage? A. An American Womans Overseas Experience B. The Cultural Wave C. Mixed Meta-message across Cultures D. Pitfalls and Possible Consequences III. English -Chinese Translation (15 points) Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. At its worst, it means shorter atten

50、tion spans, shallower memories, fragmented, unsustained argument, the undermining of intellectual property rights and a tendency to mistake anecdote for fact. At its best, the Internet represents an intellectual revolution, fostering free collaboration as never before, with dramatically improved acc