2022届北京高考高三模考D篇分析与解题讲义.docx

1、北京高考最难D篇分析与解题 讲义能在相似事物或现象中发现差异，差异事物或现象中找到相似，谓之学问或深入研究。一篇论证严谨的文章也是如此。单一的表达和论证则过于直白，由此及彼则能更形象地解释事物和现象。常言有他山之石可以攻玉。北京高考D篇阅读吧。As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries，a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system for the 21thcentury will leave a lastin

2、g mark on the West，for better or worseMuch of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery，but in the ways that they affect the surrounding communityThe same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electr

3、icity around铁路和高速公路在过去的几个世纪塑造了美国西部，它们的真正意义不在于它们对景观的直接实质性影响，而在于它们影响周围社区的方式。a new electrical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system for the 21thcentury (big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around)将给西部留下永久的印记。一句The same is true将看似无关的二者有机地结合在一起。接下来便是兵分两路。让我们

4、看看第一路兵马的走向。The 19thcentury saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads，leaving public land in between privately owned landIn much of the West，some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped，and in both cases the land owner

5、ship has presented unique challenges to land managementWith the completion of the interstate highway system，many of the small towns，which sprang up as railway stops and developed well，have lost their lifeblood and died第一路兵马也分为两路：transcontinental railroads（支队一）和the completion of the interstate highwa

6、y system（支队二）。任何事物在产生和发展的进程中都会产生与之相生的诸多问题，transcontinental railroads和the completion of the interstate highway system也不例外。前者产生的问题在于the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management，其原因在于leaving public land in between privately owned land；后者产生的问题是many of the small towns，which sprang

7、 up as railway stops and developed well，have lost their lifeblood and died。从信息抓取角度 “并列生疑”。Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the WestThis is not an argument against building themWe need alternative energy badly，and to really take advant

8、age of it we need to beable to move electricity around far more readily than we can now再回到另一路兵马上来，也即本文论证的核心Big solar plants and their power lines。Big solar plants and their power lines的问题在于also have effects far beyond their direct footprintin the West。此处direct footprint等同下文的immediate footprint表达。此处顺

9、带普及一下美国的能源结构和其能源发展策略。2020年，太阳能，包括光伏和光热发电占美国公共事业规模发电量的2.3%。相比之下，化石燃料的份额达60.3%，其中天然气占比40.3%，煤炭占比19.3%。美国总统拜登设定2035年美国将使用100%的清洁能源，以及到2050年，让太阳能为美国提供45%的电力。So tradeoffs will have to be madeSome scenic spots will be sacrificedSome species（物种）will be forced to move，or will be carefully moved to special a

10、ccommodationsDeals will be struck to reduce the immediate effectsSome tradeoffs will have to be made的原因在于We need alternative energy badly。具体tradeoffs，因未涉及考题而不赘述。The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matterThe 21thcentury development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative

11、 energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the regionThere are chances for that power and money to do a lot of goodBut it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind，just like the railroads and the highways如果说The lasting effects of these tra

12、deoffs are another matter，那么a lot of power and money will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind也是让人担心的问题。此处the railroads and the highways如同下文，只做参照，便于更形象更直观地说理。The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediat

13、e footprint of power plants and transmission linesSo lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West协商权衡中所拨备的钱款和掌管该钱的各机构将会塑造西部，远超电厂和输电线路对西部所产生的直接印记，毕竟铁路和高速公路的前车之鉴未远。此处的the institutions that control it实指上文中的a lot of power in the region。公款

14、和支配公款的公权的滥用和浪费才是作者所最为担心的问题。对比上文给大家普及的美国能源数据以及美国能源发展战略，随着时间推移，此类问题会更为严重。67What was the problem caused by the construction ofthe railways？ASmall towns along the railways became abandonedBSome railroad stops remained underusedCLand in the West was hard to manageDLand grants went into private hands解析：此题

15、抓the construction of the railways对应下的信息，语出第一路兵马的第一支队，也即，In much of the West，some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped，andin both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management。68What is the major concern in the development ofalternativ

16、e energy according to the last two paragraphs？AThe transmission of powerBThe use of money and powerCThe conservation of solar energyDThe selection of an ideal place解析：此题，冯老师已在第五与第六自然段后先后两次提及。故选B答案，其它答案皆属无中生有。69What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants？ACautious BApprovingCDoubtful D

17、Disapproving解析：该题谓之作者态度题。单从We need alternative energy badly，and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricityaround far more readily than we can now，作者approve building solar plants。但五，六自然段，也即68题，已经告知我们The use of money and power is the major concern in the development of alter

18、native energy。故综合得出作者对于态度building solar plants持谨慎态度，故选A。70Which is the best title for the passage？AHow the Railways Have Affected the WestBHow Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestCHow the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedDHow the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled解析：主旨题或主题类题型当然离不开keyword

19、s。Railways和highways只是文中的陪衬。该文真正要论述的关键词是solar energy或power plants。全文没有提及how to reduce the effects of power plants的信息。如果说B答案中的reshape一词未能激活，咱们可以根据首尾呼应的思维模式，你再看看首尾两自然段，shaped和will shape能否激起你的思维火花。Reshape恰是新颖之处。而新颖之处需要大家的深度悟性。注：为了某种阅读方法，而片段择取几年的阅读，此举会严重破坏文章的整体性。再者文章的结构能够很好帮助大家建立立体性思维。所以咱们学会赏析作者文章的同时，也顺带掌握信息分析和推理判断等综合能力。