1、不规则动词的一般过去式和过去分词英语学习中,词汇的重要性不言而喻。没有词汇,何来简单与复杂的句子和长短的语篇阅读或写作。单就词汇而言,名词有单数,复数,集合名词和不可数之分;形容词和副词有比较级和最高级变化。动词的变化则最为复杂,种类繁多且复杂难记。动词变化大体分原形和第三人称或物称变化,各种进行时态中的v+ing的变化,一般过去时中一般过去式的变化,以及完成时态中和各个时态被动变化中的过去分词。其中包含非谓语中v+ing和v+ed的变化。这其中,动词的一般过去式和过去分词的变化最为复杂。就其重要性而言,they cant be more important。无论是口语表达,还是语法填空,再到
2、续写和作文,只要你细听细看,关于一般过去式和过去分词的错误,基本是张口就有,下笔之地更是无处不在。举几个最近两年的语法填空的例子:Single-useplastic bags are used at most a few times before they4(throw) away.(2020北京)Apiece of stone8(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. (2020
3、北京)There17(be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,18(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.(2021北京)看到学生所写文章中的有关一般过去式和过去分词使用错误,一方面觉得学生所下功夫还是不够,因记忆不深而出错;另一方面也觉得正是这其中的复杂多变,方能体现学生的学习能力和悟性。以下内容或表格有读者们所熟悉的
4、地方,但也有不少新的归类和总结。但愿这些东西能帮助到大家。以下动词的原形,过去式和过去分词变化一样:AAA型castcastcastcostcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletputputputridrid / riddedrid / riddedsetsetsetshutshutshutreadreadreadspreadspreadspread以下动词含oo或ee,在变过去式和过去分词时去掉一个重复元音字母,部分变化方式为在去重复元音后,在保留的原辅音l或p之后加t: ABBfeedfedfedspeedspeeded / sped
5、speeded / spedmeetmetmetshootshotshotfeelfeltfeltkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptswept以ow或aw结尾的动词和fly的过去式及过去分词的变化:ABCblowblewblowndrawdrewdrawnflyflewflowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrowncome, wake, get, take, stand, bid以及含有这些单词的作为词根部分的双音节动词的变化规律comecamecomebecomebecamebecomewakewaked
6、 / wokewaked / wokenawakeawaked / awokeawaked / awokengetgotgot / gottenforgetforgotforgottentaketooktakenmistakemistookmistakenstandstoodstood(mis)understand(mis)understood(mis)understoodbidbid / bade / badbid / bidden / badeforbidforbade / forbadforbiddenbreak和speak的变化模式:ABCbreakbrokebrokenspeaksp
7、okespoken部分含有in(1), ink, ing, im动词的变化:ABC (i-a-u模式)drinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungbeginbeganbegunswimswamswum部分含i+辅音+e动词的变化模式:ABC (i-o-i,末尾为+n模式)drivedrovedrivenriseroserisenrideroderiddenwritewrotewritten部分辅音+ay的单词的变化模式:ABB(ay-aid)laylaidlaidpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaid过去式和过去分词以ought或aught结尾的变化模式
8、:ABBbuyboughtboughtfightfoughtfoughtthinkthoughtthoughtseeksoughtsoughtcatchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaught部分以ear结尾的动词的变化模式:ABCbearboreborn / borneteartoretornwearworeworn部分含-ind或-in(2)的动词变化模式:ABB(i-ou;i-o)findfoundfoundwindwoundwoundwinwonwon部分以-d结尾的动词的变化模式:ABB(d-t)buildbuiltbuiltlendlentlentsendsent
9、sentspendspentspent部分以-ll或-l结尾的动词的变化模式:ABB(ell-elt; ill-ilt)smellsmelled / smeltsmelled / smeltspellspelled / speltspelled / speltspillspilled / spiltspilled / spiltspoilspoiled / spoiltspoiled / spoiltdealdealtdealt部分以m或n结尾的动词的变化模式:ABBdreamdreamed / dreamtdreamed / dreamtlearnlearned / learntlearne
10、d / learntmeanmeantmeantsell和tell的变化模式:ABB(ell-old)sellsoldsoldtelltoldtolddig,stick,和strike的变化模式:ABB(i-u)digdugdugstickstuckstuckstrikestruckstruck / strickenlead和leave的变化模式:ABB(ea-e)leadledledleaveleftleftchoose, freeze的变化模式:ABB(oo / ee -o)choosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenlose和mean的变化模式:ABB(末尾+t)
11、loselostlostmeanmeantmeant其他一:ABBhavehadhadhearheardheardholdheldheldmakemademadeshineshoneshoneshowshowedshowed / shown其他二bewas / werebeenbeatbeatbeatendodiddoneeatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivengowentgonehanghung / hangedhung / hangedlielaylainlightlighted / litlighted / litrunranrunseesawseenstealstolestolen注:以上不规则动词的变化虽不规律,但不规律中仍有规律可循,在把握这些规律的同时,切忌overgeneralize。唯有反复记忆,多琢磨才可记得更牢。
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