北京石景山区2022届高三英语一模试卷及答案.doc

1、石景山区2022年高三统一练习英 语学校 姓名 准考证号 本试卷共 10 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。高三英语试卷 第 1 页 (共 10 页)第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Up until I was eight years old, I was an only child in my family and life was swe

2、et. Then along came Grant, my little brother, and everything changed. As Grant got older, he 1 the habit of attaching himself to me and I found him totally 2 . By the time I became a teenager, he was my 3 , following me around, copying my every move, and generally being a pest.However, 4 my annoyanc

3、e, I began to enjoy him as time went by. He was a funny little guy, and I found his hero-worship pleasant. As we got older, we established boundaries and alliances (联盟), becoming more 5 of each other. Grant asking to go along on dates with me, and I no longer made fun of him in front of his peers. H

4、e cheered me on at my soccer games, and I 7 to coach his baseball team. I wondered if the transition happened because he became less annoying and more of a buddy or because I became more 8 , more able to share, more receptive to the unconditional love he offered. Looking back, I have come to the con

5、clusion that maybe it was a/an of both.Today, Grant and I are a team. I know that we will always be close, if not in age or distance, then in the 10 shared by brothers. 1. A. developedB. changedC. maintainedD. broke2. A. reliableB. annoying C. uniqueD. disappointing 3. A. angelB. guideC. shadowD. en

6、emy 4. A. besidesB. despiteC. beyond D. for5. A. considerateB. critical C. enviousD. respectful6. A. missed B. suggestedC. stopped D. enjoyed7. A. hesitatedB. happenedC. pretended D. volunteered 8. A. creativeB. ambitiousC. independentD. patient9. A. innovation B. combinationC. limitation D. expecta

7、tion 10. A. hope B. courage C. love D. pride第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A“Its so cute!” “I want one!” Since such posts spread on social media, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics mascot Bing Dwen Dwen 11 (become) a star across the globe. The

8、 lovable panda wears a full-body “shell” 12 (make) out of ice, which looks like an astronaut suit. With the popularity of the Olympic mascot, it has served an ambassador for winter sports, bringing joy to those participated in and watched the Olympic Winter Games. BUsually, joy and happiness 15 (und

9、erstand) to be the same thing. In fact, theyre very different. Joy is an emotion that occurs within us when we develop an appreciation or thankfulness for the contents of life, such as nature, 16 (free), relationships with people, or through having faith in something (large) than ourselves. Happines

10、s is an emotion that is aroused in us when we buy a new car or get a promotion at work. It depends on our circumstances satisfying our desires.CThe economic achievements of the Tang Dynasty promoted the development of Chinese medicine. The Tang government 18 (take) the lead in completing the editing

11、 work of the worlds first herbal medicine book, Tang Bencao. The book 19 (contain) 850 kinds of drugs and a drug map, further 20 (improve) the scale of Chinese medicine. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A_Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instea

12、d of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute. Is it safe?Paragliding is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that its probably the slowest form of av

13、iation, so if you do crash, youll hit the ground quite gently! Its a very relaxing sport as youre mostly sitting down. Yet, youll probably experience pain in some muscles you didnt know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch. Where do I learn

14、?There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic licence; then

15、youre free to fly independently at sites across the country.What do I need?Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, youll probably want to buy you

16、r own more sophisticated equipment, which youll be able to choose much better once youve tried some out on your course.Who can do it?Theres no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pi

17、lot. Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season! 21. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1?A. What is paragliding? B. Who invented paragliding? C. How is paragliding special?D. Why is paragliding popular?22. According to the passage, paragliding

18、 is _. A. Exciting but tiring B. Safe and relaxingC. Attractive but expensive D. Fast and challenging 23. What can we know from the passage?A. Fit people of any age can take up paragliding. B. Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea. C. Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training c

19、ourse. D. Learners can fly on their own after at least a weeks training.BI remember driving to Palm Springs from San Diego two Thanksgivings ago. None of us pictured an icy blizzard (暴风雪) on our California vacation, but one hour into the drive, the first snowflake fell. My eyes lit up. Id missed sno

20、w. Seeing it land on a prickly cactus made my tears well up. How I longed for cold Minnesota, my hometown. As the altitude rose, the storm got fierce. It wasnt long before we had no choice but to pull over. As our car slid to a stop, I looked into the distance. A line of cars as long as the Mississi

21、ppi River were lined up. Just then, a car came from behind, suddenly changing the direction to avoid hitting our car. The driver, an old man, slammed on the brakes and his car drifted across the path. It didnt take us too long to realize his car was awfully near the edge of the mountain and slowly c

22、reeping more and more towards the side of the cliff. Suddenly, 10 people who were sitting in their cars leapt out. From the car window, I watched an inspiring scene. Four people took the chains that protected their tires off their cars and put them on the old mans tires. One person shoveled the snow

23、 out from his tires and tried to break the ice with his boot. Just as the old mans car and all his belongings were about to be lost off the edge of the cliff, people stepped up and let their kind hearts override the snowstorm. Though it was minus 30 degrees centigrade, my heart was as warm as ever.

24、This act of kindness just reminded me how thankful I am for people and moments like these. 24. Why did the author cry when he saw the snow? A. He felt a little homesick. B. He disliked the bad weather. C. He was surprised to see the snow. D. He was anxious about the traffic delay. 25. What happened

25、to the old mans car? A. Its braking system failed. B. It was about to drop from the cliff. C. It ran into the authors car. D. It lost control due to the sudden speeding. 26. Which of the following can best describe the people involved?A. Reliable and modest. B. Kind and easy-going. C. Brave and coop

26、erative.D. Enthusiastic and ambitious.CPsychologists tell us our self-image defines what we believe we can and cannot do. Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves. Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what ot

27、hers have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are. Because self-image is so important in our growth, it is important to examine our concepts of self in order to reach our full potential.Changing our self-image is possible. Some psychologist

28、s suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, its suggested that we replace those with better ones. In many experiments, people were asked to sit quietly for a few minutes each

29、 day and imagine themselves doing well. For instance, subjects would sit and imagine themselves throwing darts at a bulls-eye on a target. Over a period of weeks, their dart game improved. This has been done with people who wanted to play chess better, throw a ball more accurately, increase their sa

30、lesmanship or musical talents, and improve many other skills. In most cases, remarkable improvement is made. The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real. To try to become something we really arent is just as wrong as living the unrealistic, inferior imag

31、e we may have. The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential. However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves. Were usually better than we think we are.Another important part of changing

32、 self-image is to not think about past mistakes. Dont let failures do harm. Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning. It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them. Sometimes we keep rememb

33、ering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty or embarrassed about them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear. It is important to have realistic expectations of ourselves. Some of our dissatisfaction might come from expecting too much of ourselves. If we demand constant perfection in e

34、verything we do, we can be disappointed and our poor self-image will continue. If our goal is to reach perfection, we are doomed from the start. 27. Which situation agrees with the idea of the passage? A. To outshine his colleagues, Joe sets an idealistic goal. B. To get along with her classmates, D

35、oris always humbles herself. C. To become a star player, Alex repeatedly plays back his faults in his mind.D. To win a speech contest, Tina visualizes herself speaking more confidently. 28. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A. To confirm the effect of changing self-image. B. To clarify the princip

36、le of changing self-image. C. To propose a new view on changing self-image. D. To stress the importance of changing self-image. 29. According to the author, how should we regard our past mistakes?A. They are part of our growth. B. They are warnings for future. C. They are tools for overcoming fear.D

37、. They are barriers to our development.30. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A. We Are What We Do B. Be the Best We Can Be C. We Are What We Think We Are D. What We Are Decides What We ThinkDWhen it comes to lowering our carbon emissions (排放), it seems that nothing is sim

38、ple. Electric vehicles (EVs) act as an example of potential greenwash. “They seem very attractive at first sight,” writes The Next Web in a report. “When we look more closely, it becomes clear that they have a substantial carbon footprint.”The rare earth metals and costly minerals included as essent

39、ial ingredients in EV batteries are not renewable. Whats more, their extraction (提炼) is often anything but green. So the question is: is it worth it? Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.“A life cycle analysis of emi

40、ssions considers three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is to blame. “Emissions from manufacturing EV batteries were estimated to be 3.2 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), 1/4 of those from an electric

41、 car, 13 tons of CO2. Those were bigger than emissions from gas cars, 10.5 tons of CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed to be 150,000 kilometers, emissions from the manufacturing phase of an electric car are higher than gas cars.”In the use phase, the source of electricity the consumer is using to p

42、ower their car comes into play in a major way. “To understand how the emissions of electric car vary with a countrys renewable electricity share, consider Australia and New Zealand,” continues the report. “In 2018, Australias share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number

43、in New Zealands was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively. As a consumer, our car is only as green as our countrys energy mix. Finally, in the recycling phase, we look at vehicle dismantling (拆除), vehicle recycli

44、ng, battery recycling, and material recovery. “The estimated emissions in this phase, based on a study, are about 1.8 tons for a gas car and 2.4 tons for an electric car. This difference is mostly due to the emissions from battery recycling, which is 0.7 tons,” shows in the report. “While electric c

45、ars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, its important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than

46、gas cars.” So heres the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe theyre not as green as we thought. Theres certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production. 31. Why is a life cycle analysis of emissions made? A. To illustra

47、te the advantages of EVs. B. To show how gas cars outperform EVs.C. To weigh the environmental impact of EVs. D. To examine the energy sources of gas cars and EVs.32. How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 5? A. By giving instructions.B. By highlighting features. C. By making comparisons.D. By analyzing cause and effect. 33. According to the passage, what contributes to EVs beating gas cars?A. Recycling of batteries. B. Overall driving distance. C. Manufacturing technology.D. Governments