北京海淀区2022届高三英语一模试卷及答案.pdf

1、海淀区 20212022 学年第二学期期中练习高三英语 本试卷共 10 页，100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasabouttosleepwhensomeoneknockedonmywindow.Knock,knock.Thenathree-secondpause.Knock,knock.Immediate

2、lyIknewitwasmybestfriend,Ben.Theknock 1 wasouremergencycallwhichnevermeansanythinggood.“Whatsgoingon?” Irushedtoopenthewindowandasked.Benclimbedin. “Badnews.” Hegavemea 2 look,andIimmediatelyknewwhatitwas.Myheart 3 .Igavehimanod,andhesighedinresponse.“Whereto?” Iasked.“Virginia.”“ThatsfarfromFlorida

3、.”Welookedateachotherknowingwewerethinkingthesame.BothBenandIhadparentsintheair-force.Wewereusedtofrequentmoves.BenandIbecameclosefriendssinceIcrashedintoBensstandandsentplasticcupsoflemonadeflyingintotheheavens.Atfirst,I 4 Florida.Everythingchanged,though,whenI 5 roller-skatedintoBenslemonadestand.

4、“Itmusthavebeenfate!”weclaimed.ButIthinkthat,maybe,therewassome 6 inthatlemonade,andthatasitraineddownonus,itcastaspellmakingusfriendsforever.“MaybeyourfamilywillgetmovedtoVirginiatoo.” Bensaid.“Yeah,maybe.” Iknewthechancewaslow,butIchosetohope.Bengrinnedatme.Thoughitlookedsad,Isaw 7 inhimtoo.“Illha

5、vealemonadestand 8 foryou.”“ThenIllpackmyroller-skates.”2022.03高三年级（英语） 第 1 页（共 10 页）英“ThenIllwearaponcho(雨披).”We 9 .ThehumidFloridanightclosedaroundus,andIfeltatinydropofliquidsplashonmyarm.Iknewitwasprobablyrain,butstill,Ithoughtthat,maybe,itwasadropofmagiclemonade,becausenothingonearthcanbreakthe

6、 10 betweenus.1AsoundBpatternCnumberDsymbol2AplayfulBgratefulCcheerfulDmeaningful3AfailedBsoftenedCsankDrelieved4AhatedBmissedCexploredDappreciated5AgraduallyBnarrowlyCconstantlyDaccidentally6AsignBmagicCflavourDwish7AhopeBjoyCcourageDsupport8AnecessaryBconvenientCreadyDuseful9AstruggledBarguedClaug

7、hedDcompromised10AruleBbondCbarrierDbalance第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AXuMengtao,theflag-bearerfortheChinesedelegationattheclosingceremonyof2022WinterOlympics,hasgotmultipleworldchampionships.Butherroad 11 glorywasnotsmo

8、oth,sinceitwasaccompaniedbymanyinjuries.Itwasherpassionforsports,herpersistenceanddeterminationthathelpedhercontinueandshefinally 12 (win)thegoldmedalatherfourthOlympics.Hersuccessgoesbeyondsportsasitmotivatesbothathletesandordinarypeoplein 13 (they)pursuitofdreams.BBasedonARandVR,themetaverseaimsto

9、bringpeopleclosertogetherinanonlinesetting,enablingthemtobeconnectedinwaystheycouldntbebefore.Imagine 14 (attend)ameetingfromthecomfortofyourcouch,whereyoudontdressup,butyouravatardoes.Youreseatedatavirtualtablewithotherpeople 15 reactionsandbodylanguagecanbejudgedjustaswellastheywouldbeinreallife.A

10、metaversecouldverylikelybringthese 16 (imagine)toreality,andsoon.CEveryonehasasenseofhumor,butitsprettyevidentthatnoteverybodyhasagoodsenseofit.Psychologistsaredividedon 17 humorisinbornorlearnable.However,thereisonethingthat 18 (accept)universallysofarthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Itisassociatedwi

11、th高三年级（英语） 第 2 页（共 10 页）laughterandlaughterisassociatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities 19 (share)withotherformsoflife.Butifhappinessisoneofthegoals 20 (chase)inlife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节 （共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

12、在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Proctors Theatre, Newark, New JerseyAlthoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedintheatrestodisplayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinProctorsTheatreinNewar

13、kbegantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression.PopcornandCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatresincome.Proctors Theatre, Troy, New YorkOriginallyopenedasProctorsFourthStreetTheatrein1914,ithostedfamouscomedianssuchasJackBennyandBobHope.From1929,itwassuccessivelytakenov

14、er,renamedasProctorsTroyTheatreandswitchedtoscreeningfilms.Inthe1960s,itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977.ItwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)in1979.In2010,thetheatrewasrepairedbutiscurrentlynotbeingusedtoday.RKO Keiths Flushing Theatre, New York Originallyopenedin1928

15、,RKOKeithsFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomasLamb.In1982,itwaslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosedbyitsnewownerwhoplannedtobuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionallydamagingthehall.In2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknockeddowntomakewayforaresidentialtowerblock.Metropolita

16、n Opera House, Philadelphia ThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908.Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedastheMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,itbecameasportsarena.In1954,itwasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s,thebuildingwaspurchase

17、dbyMarkHatcher.Thechurchandthedevelopercametoanagreementonarepairforamusicvenuethatwascompletedandreopenedin2018.高三年级（英语） 第 3 页（共 10 页）21Inthelate1920s,ProctorsTheatreinNewarksetupstandsto.AshowrespectfortheguestsBincreasethetheatresincomeCpromotenewlyreleasedmoviesDcompetewiththestreetsellers22What

18、canweknowfromthepassage?ARKOKeithsFlushingTheatreiswellpreserved.BProctorsTheatreinTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.CMetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesinitsfunction.DProctorsTheatreinNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.23Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?AToranktheoldandunrestoredtheatres.BToshowth

19、edevelopmentofAmericantheatres.CToencouragepeopletoprotecttheoldtheatres.DToprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.BTotheuntrainedeye,apingpongballisjustapingpongball.ToaBeverlyClearyfan,itstwomotorcyclehelmetsformice.EversinceIreadClearysseriesaboutRalph,themotorcycle-ridingmouse,Iveneverlookeda

20、tapingpongballortheworldthesameway.AmazingtothinkthatitsbeenmorethanfortyyearssinceIcheckedoutThe Mouse and the MotorcyclefrommyschoollibraryinNorthport,andyetthatoneparticularimageisascleartomeasever.Andwhyshouldntitbe?Itsperfect.HowIwantedamouseofmyowntorideatoymotorcyclearoundmyhouse!ThankstoClea

21、rysgenius,atalkingmousefriendseemednotonlypossiblebutprobable.Whilemuchofchildrensliteratureattemptedtoexplaintheworldfromthepointofviewofawiseandgentleadult,Clearycreatedcharacterswhosawtheworldasonlychildrencan.Withgreatinterest,IreadeverybookthatboreBeverlyClearysname.Sheseemedlikeafriendwhounder

22、stoodmeinwaysIdidntyetunderstandmyself.IvewritteneightchildrensbooksandhavealwayskeptBeverlyssenseofwonderinmind.IdontrememberatexactlywhatageIdecidedIwantedtowritebooks,butIknowthatbysecondorthirdgrade,myteacherassignedaprojectthatallowedustofocusonwhateverwewanted.Mybestfriendpickeddolphins;Ichose

23、childrensauthors,withalargechunkofmyprojectbeingaboutwhoelse?BeverlyCleary!Itoldthatstoryrecentlytoaschoolgroup.Oneofthestudentssaid, “Thatsfantastic!Youdidyour高三年级（英语） 第 4 页（共 10 页）projectonchildrensauthorsandthenyoubecameone!”“Yes,” Isaid. “Andmybestfriendwhodidherprojectondolphinsbecameadolphin!”

24、“Really?” thestudentssaidinchorus.AndthatperfectlysumsupwhyIlovewritingforchildren:thebeliefthatfantastic,magicalthingscanhappen.Bestfriendscanbecomedolphins;micecanridetoymotorcyclesandbecomeourfriends.ThatswhatBeverlyClearytaughtme.Inthehandsofagiftedstoryteller,anythingispossible.andsoveryfunny.2

25、4The Mouse and the Motorcycleimpressedtheauthormainlybecause.AitrecordedanimalslifeBitrevealedthewisdomoflifeCitencouragedchildrentoraisepetsDitdescribedtheworldfromchildrenseyes25Whenlearningtheauthorsfriendbecameadolphin,thestudentsfelt.AamazedBdoubtfulCscaredDconfused26Whatisthepassagemainlyabout

26、?AWhattheauthorcreatedtoattractchildren.BWhattheauthordidtoturnimpossibleintopossible.CHowBeverlyClearyarousedchildrensinterestinreading.DHowtheauthorwasinspiredtobeawriterbyBeverlyCleary.CWhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier(冰川)ontheSwissAlpsMountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwas

27、toolowforhumanearstodetect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanches(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:

28、dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson. “Thiswasdifferent,” Johnsonsays. “Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwithinfrasound.”Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,w

29、hichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapseasudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglaciersmainbodyisaprolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlarge高三年级（英语） 第 5 页（共

30、10 页）fieldsofice.Aglacier “canbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak-offs,” saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecise

31、butexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,individualavalanche

32、sandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZrichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel. “ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstapproximationforthis,” shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanchesspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowwo

33、rkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascadesphysicaldetails.27WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andPa

34、ragraph3?AInfrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.BIceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.CResearchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundindetectingiceavalanches.DScientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.28Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?AThecomb

35、inationwithotherrelevantsignals.BTheaccuracyinlocatingacertainavalanche.CTheabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.DThesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.29Theunderlinedword “this” inParagraph4refersto.AdistinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignalBdetectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametimeCcalculati

36、ngthespeedandpathoficeavalanchesDmonitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak-offs30Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AFromFiretoIceBGlacierWhispersCNatureisWarningDSecretofIceAvalanches高三年级（英语） 第 6 页（共 10 页）DInover25years,DeSimonehasspunhisresearchfindingsintocommercialgoldbylaunchings

37、everalbusinesses.AsafacultymemberattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,heprovidedscientificadviceandheldequityinthebusinesses.Buthehasneveractuallymanagedhiscompanies.Hisemployersbarhimfromsimultaneouslyholdinganacademicpostandanexecutiveposition.Thedualrolescanpresenthugeconflicts.Conflictsofinterest(COIs

38、)occurwhenanindividualspersonalinterestsfamily,friendships,financial,orsocialfactorscouldcompromisehisorherjudgment,decisions,oractionsintheworkplace,anditmakessoundcareersensetothinkabouthowtomanagethem.Researchersshoulddisclosepotentialorexistingconflictsacrossallaspectsofacademiclife.Inmostplaces

39、,COImanagementrunsonanhonorsystem.Researchersdecidewhichfinancialholdingsandrelationshipstodisclosetouniversityadministrators.Journalsandfundersadoptasimilarsystemwhentheyaskauthorsandpeerreviewersaboutpotentialconflictsrelatedtomanuscriptorgrantapprovals.Mostresearchinstitutionsoffertrainingtohelpf

40、acultymemberstounderstandwhatconstitutesapotentialorexistingconflict.Administratorsthendecidewhethertheinterestpresentsaconflict,andwhetherthatconflictcanbehandled.Ifso,theycreateamanagementplantoaddressit.Ifnot,researchersmustabandonthework,partnerwithresearchersatotherinstitutions,orleavetheiruniv

41、ersity.Perceptionplaysapartindefiningapotentialconflict,warnsWalt,achemistatTuftsUniversity.Investigatorswhodevelopatechnologyinthelaboratoryandthentransferittotheircompanycouldcreateaconflictofinterestintheeyesoftheirstudents,Waltsays.Butthepotentialconflictcanbeavoidedbydraftingalicensingagreement

42、thatbarsdiscoveriesfromautomaticallybeingtransferredtotheinvestigatorscompany.Waltcreatedsuchanarrangementtoassurehisstudentsthattheywerentactuallyworkingforhisprivatecompanies.Relationshipscanposeconflictswhenconferenceorganizersarechoosingspeakers.MembersoftheAmericanSocietyforHumanGeneticsprogram

43、committee,whichselectsabstractsandtalksfortheirannualmeeting,mustrecuse(要求回避)themselvesfromconsideringtalksby,forexample,researchersattheircurrentandpastinstitutions,closecollaboratorsandthosewithwhomtheyhavepersonalorfamilialties.Evendifferingpointsofviewcanplayapart.Scacheri,ageneticistwhochairsth

44、ecommittee,saysthatmemberswhohavedisagreedpersonallywithpotentialspeakersmightalsobeobligedtorecusethemselves: “Ifyoufeellikeyoucantbeanimpartial(公正的)reviewer,thatisconsideredaCOI.”HandlingCOIscanbeburdensome.COImanagersemphasizethatthegoalisnottosuppressinnovation,buttoexposepotentialconflictssotha

45、ttheycanbemanaged. “Nothingabouttheprocessismeanttobeprohibitive,” saysGrewal,aCOIofficeratMIT.Herinstitutionwantstoenablegood高三年级（英语） 第 7 页（共 10 页）scienceandthebettermentofhumanity. “Duringthatprocess,” shesays, “ifyoumakesomemoney,thatsgoodaswell.” 31TheexampleofDeSimoneinParagraph1isusedmainlyto.

46、AraiseaquestionBreportafindingCintroduceatopic Dpresentatheory32TobetterdealwithCOIs,.AresearchershavetoquittheirjobattheuniversityBresearchersshouldreporttheconflictsthatpossiblyexistCinstitutionsneedtomonitorthestaffscareerandrelationshipsDinstitutionsshouldtrainresearcherstocreatemanagementplans3

47、3Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AGrewalconsidersCOImanagementexhaustingandcostly.BWaltarrangedtotransferdiscoveriesathislabtohiscompanies.CConferenceorganizersshouldavoidinvitingunqualifiedspeakers.DScacheribelievespersonalviewpointsmayimpactareviewersdecision.34Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?ACOIscanbe

48、defineddependingoninterpretations.BCOIsbenefitscientificinnovationandbetterhumanity.CCOIsariseprimarilyduetothepursuitoffinancialgains.DCOIscanbegotridofbypromotingfairnessinworkplaces.第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresear

49、chbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice. 35 Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias(偏见),atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.Tostudy “jumping” ,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjump

50、ersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis. 36 InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdidevenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatisbehind “jumping” ?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopa