Unit 3 Reading and Thinking ppt课件 ppt课件-（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、人教版（人教版（2019）选择性必修四）选择性必修四Unit 3 Sea ExplorationReading and ThinkingThe photo is of lemon butterfly fish and orange-band surgeon fish surrounding a diver in Molokini Crater, Hawaii. Molokini is a small volcanic island southwest of the island of Maui. The crater forms a sheltered lagoon with a coral

2、reef inside it, making the island a favourite spot for divers as they can see abundant sea life with little or no concern for ocean waves or currents. As a seabird sanctuary, going onto Molokini island itself is not allowed without permission. In addition, to keep from damaging the reef inside the c

3、rater, the government has created moorings for boats to tie up to so that they do not need to drop anchors. It is thought that 300,000 people visit Molokini every year, and the fish inside the crater are so used to visitors that they approach people with no fear.Notebutterfly fish 蝴蝶鱼surgeon fish 刺尾

4、鱼Molokini Crater 月牙形摩洛奇尼火山口lagoon 环礁湖coral reef 珊瑚礁seabird sanctuary 海鸟保护区mooring 停泊处Before you read, discuss the questions in groups.1. What do you think of when you see the photo? 2. What sea animals and plants do you know?3. What words would you use to describe the sea?Before you read, discuss th

5、e questions in groups.1. What do you think of when you see the photo? 2. What sea animals and plants do you know?I think the photo looks wonderful, and I would love to go there and dive to see the fish.There are many sea animals that I know about, such as dolphins, sharks, manatees, whales, shellfis

6、h, crabs, and seahorses. I am less familiar with sea plants, except perhaps seaweed.Before you read, discuss the questions in groups.3. What words would you use to describe the sea?To me, the sea is full of life. Even when you cannot see ocean animals, the sea itself is constantly in motion and neve

7、r standing still. As something full of life, the sea also has moods. Sometimes it is bright and cheerful, while at other times it is stormy and angry.They (oceans) provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development. Xi Jinping海洋孕育了生命、联通了世界、促进了发展。海洋孕育了生命、联通了世界、促进了发展。习近平习近平该

8、引言出自国家主席习近平致“2019年中国海洋经济博览会”开幕的贺信。习近平主席用诗意的语言，高度概括了海洋对社会生存和人类发展的意义。中国提出共建“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的倡议，旨在促进海上互联互通，推动蓝色经济发展和文化交融，增进人类命运共同体的福祉。1. What do you know about sea exploration?2. What do you want to know about sea exploration?Sea exploration and exploitationSea protectionThe development of a harmonious rel

9、ationship between humans and the seaDo you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.NoImageNoImageNoImageNoImageNoImageNationality: _Time: _ Achievement:_ Navigator: _ Zheng HeChinese1405-1433made seven voyages to the Western Seas;his voyages are one of the world navigatio

10、n feats in historyDo you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.Nationality: _Time: _ Achievement:_Navigator: _ Christopher ColumbusItalian1492discovered a new worldDo you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.Nationality: _Time: _ Achieveme

11、nt:_Navigator: _ Ferdinand MagellanPortuguese1519made the first voyage around the worldDo you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what type of essay it is.Identify essay typesThere are four major types of essay: narrative, d

12、escriptive, expository, and argumentative. A narrative essay is a story with a beginning, middle, and end. A descriptive essay describes a subject and lists interesting details.An expository essay is factual, giving information on a subject. An argumentative essayaims to convince the reader.What typ

13、e of essay is it?It is an expository essay.An expository essay normally has the purpose of explaining or giving information about something. While a descriptive essay normally describes something concrete, an expository essay usually tells information about something abstract. For example, an exposi

14、tory essay will talk about the value of subways systems, while a descriptive essay may talk about subway trains.Marco Polo (1254-1324) was born to a merchant family in Venice, Italy. Shortly after his birth, his father and uncle left Venice, travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan, the founder of

15、 Yuan Dynasty in China. After they met this great Khan, he sent them back to Italy with a message to the Pope. In 1271, they once again left Venice for China, this time with Marco accompanying them. They were gone for twenty-four years and returned in 1295. When Marco returned home, Venice was then

16、at war. Using his wealth, Marco went into battle. He was soon captured. As a prisoner of war, he told the story of his adventures to another prisoner, who wrote it down. This book was later published as The Travels of Marco Polo, creating a sensation throughout Europe, as it was their first glimpse

17、into China. Marco was released from prison in 1299 and continued his life as a merchant. While it has been argued by some that Marcos story was a complete liethat he never went to Chinabut some researchers show evidences that can prove Marco has been in China because he gave accurate and unique deta

18、ils about the currencies and salt production in China.The Travels of Marco Polo马可波罗游记马可波罗游记His journey through the East began in 1271when, still a teenager, he set out of Venice and found himself traversing the most exotic countries. His acceptance into the court of the great emperor Kublai Khan, an

19、d his service to the vast and dazzling Mongol empire, led him to places as far away as Tibet and Burma, lands rich with gems and gold and silk, but virtually unknown to Europeans.Later, as a prisoner of war. Marco Polo would record the details of his remarkable travels across harsh deserts, great mo

20、untain ranges, and dangerous seas, as well as of his encounters with beasts and birds, plants and people. His amazing chronicle is both fascinating and awe-inspiringand still serves as the most vivid depiction of the mysterious East in the Middle Ages. Du Huan was a Chinese soldier born in Changan (

21、modern-day Xian). In 751, he was captured by Arabs at the Battle of Talas (which took place along the border of modern-day Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan). He spent many years travelling through the Arab world, going as far as Northeast Africa, before returning by ship to Guangzhou in 762. His book, name

22、d Record of My Travels about his adventures, has been lost, although excerpts from it are still in existence.Du Huans Record of My Travels 杜环的经行记杜环的经行记杜环，中国唐代旅行家。天宝十年（公元751年），他在怛罗斯城（今哈萨克斯坦塔拉兹城附近）与大食（阿拉伯帝国）军作战时被俘。其后，他游历非洲，成为第一个到过非洲并有著作的中国人。公元762年，杜环乘船回国，著有经行记，可惜已失传，只有杜佑的通典引用此书，有1,500余字保留至今。经行记是记录八世纪中

23、叶中外经济文化交流及西亚和中亚风土人情的珍贵资料。Read the text again. Write down the main idea of each paragraph. ParagraphMain idea123456Travel from east to west began long before Columbus.In ancient times, travel east to west was on the Silk Road.Zheng Hes sea voyages built relations with other countries.The 21st Century

24、 Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world (Today, the Belt and Road Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off.)China is also joining with other countries on other important projects.China will continue to explore the sea

25、and enhance relationships with other countries.Read the text again. Consider how the passage is developed. How is the passage developed?time sequenceprocessproblem and solutioncompare and contrastcause and effectdefinition and descriptionTimein ancient timesin the 8th centuryin Ming Dynastytodayin t

26、he futureScan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.NameDescriptionThe name of the trade route between China and the WestIts kings sent gifts such as giraffes to ChinaAn area currently being explored for scientific reasonsA destination of silk and a major European capitalThe modern c

27、ountry name for CeylonThe historical period when China expanded maritime exploration to other regionsThe author of Record of My TravelsThe commander of the seven fleetsThe person who wrote stories that inspired European explorersthe Silk RoadAfrican royal familiesthe ArcticRomeSri Lankathe Ming Dyna

28、styDu HuanZheng HeMarco PoloIn groups, discuss the following questions. Make notes under two columns: Facts and Opinions.Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why?Facts: Opinions: European explorers, China, India, Ceylon, African royal families.for tradeWhat benefits and problem

29、s did those countries get from doing this?Facts: Opinions: They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures.In some cases, this led to invasion and conquest.What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world?Facts: Opinions: The land

30、 and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries.Generally speaking, the result was positive, as it advanced the spread of knowledge, technology, and goods, and made the world a smaller place.What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative?Facts

31、: Opinions: The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historical Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.It will lead to greater integration with China and other countries.tale n. _merchant n. _ adj. _set sail _ extend vt. _

32、negotiate vt. _ vi. _fleet n. _故事；叙述起航；开航海上货运的 扩展；使伸长；延长商人；批发商舰队；机群；车队商定；达成（协议）谈判；磋商；协商behold vt. (_, _)_league n. _in a league of ones own _royal adj. _spice n. _withdraw vi. & vt. (_, _) _看；看见皇家的；王室的；高贵的 withdrew独领风骚（调味）香料等级；水平；联合会；联赛（使）撤回；撤离beheldbeheldwithdrawnwithdraw from _channel n. _maritime

33、 adj. _bond n. _ vt. & vi. _in hand _退出；撤回纽带；关系增强信任关系；使牢固结合海的；海运的；海事的航道；海峡；频道在手头；可供使用extend1. vt. to make sth longer or larger 使伸长；扩大；扩展 to extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏/公路/房子 There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。2. vt. to make sth last longer 延长；使延期 to extend a deadline/visa

34、延长最后期限/签证 The show has been extended for another six weeks. 展览会又延长了六周。 Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car. 精心保养可延长汽车寿命。extend3. vt. to make a business, an idea, an influence, etc. cover more areas or operate in more places 扩大的范围（或影响） The company plans to extend its operations into E

35、urope. 公司打算将业务扩展到欧洲。 The school is extending the range of subjects taught. 学校正在拓宽授课学科的范围。 extend4. vt. to relate to or include sb/sth 适用于；包括 The offer does not extend to employees partners. 这项优惠不包括雇员的伴侣。 His willingness to help did not extend beyond making a few phone calls. 他的乐意帮助只不过限于打几个电话罢了。 5. v

36、t. to cover a particular area, distance or length of time 涉及（范围）；延伸（距离）；延续（时间） Our land extends as far as the river. 我们的土地一直延伸到河边。 His writing career extended over a period of 40 years. 他的写作生涯超过了40年。extend6. vt. to stretch part of your body, especially an arm or a leg, away from yourself 伸展，舒展，展开（尤指

37、手臂或腿） He extended his hand to (= offered to shake hands with) the new employee. 他伸出手来与新雇员握手。 to extend the hand of friendship to another country 向另一个国家伸出友谊之手 7. vt. sth to sb (formal) to offer or give sth to sb 提供；给予 to extend hospitality to overseas students 殷勤款待外国留学生 to extend an invitation 发出邀请 T

38、he bank refused to extend credit to them. 银行拒绝向他们提供信贷。league1. n. a group of sports teams who all play each other to earn points and find which team is best （体育运动队的）联合会，联赛 major-league baseball 棒球大联赛 United were league champions last season. 联队是上个赛季的联赛冠军。2. n. a level of quality, ability, etc. （质量、能

39、力等的）等级，级别，水平 As a painter, he is in a league of his own. 作为画家，他独领风骚。 Theyre in a different league from us. 他们与我们不属同一个级别。 When it comes to cooking, Im not in her league. 提到烹饪，我的水平远比不上她。 A house like that is out of our league. 那样的房子不是我们这号人买得起的。league3. n. a group of people or nations who have combined

40、 for a particular purpose 联盟；同盟 the League of Nations 国际联盟 a meeting of the Womens League for Peace 妇女和平联盟会议 Ivy League 常春藤联合会（指美国东部八所学术和社会地位高的大学）IDIOMSin league with sb making secret plans with sb （与）秘密串通，勾结withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn)1. vt. (sb/sth) (from sth) to move back or away from a place o

41、r situation; to make sb/sth do this （使）撤回，撤离 Government troops were forced to withdraw. 政府部队被迫撤走了。 Both powers withdrew their forces from the region. 两个大国都把部队撤离了这个地区。 She withdrew her hand from his. 她把手从他的手里抽了回来。withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn)2. vt. sth (from sth) to stop giving or offering sth to sb

42、 停止提供；不再给予 Workers have threatened to withdraw their labour. 工人扬言要罢工。 The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects. 这药因许多人服后产生严重副作用而被停止销售。 He withdrew his support for our campaign. 他停止了对我们运动的支持。withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn)3. vt. (sb/sth) (from sth) to sto

43、p taking part in an activity or being a member of an organization; to stop sb/sth from doing these things （使）退出 There have been calls for Britain to withdraw from the EU. 一直有人呼吁英国退出欧盟。 The horse had been withdrawn from the race. 那匹马被停赛了。4. vt. to take money out of a bank account 提，取（银行账户中的款） Id like

44、 to withdraw 250 please. 劳驾，我想提取250英镑。1 In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.译文：在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是 有名的“丝绸之路”。分析：句中的what引导宾语从句，相当于along the road which became known as the “Silk Road”(what 等同于

45、the road which)。2 These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.译文：这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。分析：behold意为“目睹；看见”。a sight to behold意思是“壮观的景象”。 类似的表达还有a joy/pleasure/wonder to behold。如： The Great Wall is a wonder to behold. 长城看上去令人惊叹。 be in a league of ones own的意思相当于be much

46、better than the rest， league此处表示“水平；等级”。3 The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.译文：随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提 出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。分析：revisit在句中作“重提”解，也有“再访；重游”的意思。如： This proposal

47、 is worth revisiting at a later date. 这个提案值得以后进一步探讨。 Hangzhou is a city which many people would like to revisit. 杭州是一个很多人愿意再次游览的城市。4 Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea fa

48、r into the future.译文：数百年过去了，手握最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的 驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。分析：（1）句中的in hand是一个介词短语，原意为“在手中”，在句中引 申为“在掌握中”，强调手中掌控的物或事，随时可用、随时可做。 如：The Olympic organisers say that matters are well in hand. 奥运会组织者说各项事务完全在掌控之中。 I thought I had my destiny in hand, but then fate played a trick on me. 我以为我把命运掌握在手中，可是随后命运捉弄了我。分析：（2）单词reach用作不及物动词时，意为“延伸；传到”。此外，它还可以表示“（手脚等）伸出”，或“（如伸手攫取般地）努力争取”。本句中reach out across the sea into the future形象地表现了中国促进贸易、增进与周边国家友好关系的愿望，以及以此为内驱力努力争取在海洋探索中奋进的信念。使用reach不及物动词的用法，配合介词短语营造文字意境的表达还有： The old soldiers memory reaches back over years. 老兵的记忆跨越岁月回到久远的往昔。