1、“Traditional” VS “Modern” waysBreakthrough of sequencing technologies 1st : Sanger 2nd : Illumina Solexa; Roche 454; ABI SOLID 3rd : PacBio SMRT; Oxford NanoporeHuman Genome Project(HGP)30亿美元30亿个碱基对1984199020032015Thenationsoftheworldmustseethatthehumangenomebelongstotheworldspeople,asopposedtoitsna
2、tions.-JamesD.WatsonThe 1000 Genomes ProjectThe 1000 Genomes ProjectAll organisms have a genomePlants&AnimalsTree of LifeGenome always be the initial understanding of a speciesLife is complicated and systematic 中心法则中心法则 & Omics基因组基因组De novo 测序测序Re-sequencingMetagenomicsEpigenomics转录组转录组mRNAlncRNASma
3、ll RNADegradome蛋白组蛋白组ProteomeMetabolomeATCGDe novo genomeComparative genomicsSynteny analysis Gene family expansion and subtraction Diversity between species Genome rearrangement Chromosome fusion and fission Ultra conserved elements Accelerative evolving regions Phylogenomics Gene expansion in the
4、yak genomesensory perception energy metabolism Population genomicsWild yakDomestic yakPopulation structureSelection sweepslog-ratio0.65andFST0.17182regions(14.5Mb,0.54%ofthegenome)209genesOverrepresentedGO:Regulationoftransmissionofnerveimpulse(GO:0051969)Arc, ASPA, ATP2B2, MYO6, NTRK2, Rab40c, SNCA
5、, andTG30genesinvolvedinNeurogenesisandbehaviorOnlyafewgenessubjecttophysicalcharacteristicsandeconomicallysignificanttraitsu EarlyDomesticationStageu Atrade-offbetweensurvivalofyaksinaharshhigh-altitudeenvironmentandperformanceunderpastoralconditionsDemographic history inferred from SFSDomesticatio
6、n of yak Human colonization in QTPPresent2ndpopulationexpansionsbarleycultivation1stpopulationexpansionssettleandestablishvillages(agriculturalsettlements)5,20010,0007,0004,0003,000MetagenomicsEpigenomicsTwins l Expression regulationl Genomic imprintingl Tissue specific gene expressionl Diseases relatedTranscriptomeProteome & MetabolomeSequencing Costs and Development
