从上下文逻辑关系寻找线索课件.ppt

1、L/O/G/OL/O/G/OABCD123考纲解读考纲解读主要考查考生对文章的主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和整体内容和结构结构以及以及上下文逻辑意义上下文逻辑意义的理解和的理解和把握把握侧重侧重语言结构形式语言结构形式以及以及上下文的连上下文的连贯手段贯手段。南海第一中学南海第一中学充分理解文充分理解文章整体内容章整体内容对语篇的理解对语篇的理解和句意的把握和句意的把握对上下文逻辑对上下文逻辑关系的把握关系的把握命题特点命题特点两个要求两个要求两个注重两个注重分清文章的分清文章的结构层次结构层次充分理解文充分理解文章整体内容章整体内容分清文章的分清文章的结构层次结构层次充分理解文充分理解文章整

2、体内容章整体内容分清文章的分清文章的结构层次结构层次充分理解文充分理解文章整体内容章整体内容分清文章的分清文章的结构层次结构层次两个要求两个要求充分理解文充分理解文章整体内容章整体内容分清文章的分清文章的结构结构层次层次充分理解文充分理解文章整体内容章整体内容对语篇对语篇的理解的理解和句意的把握和句意的把握对对上下文逻辑上下文逻辑关系关系的把握的把握充分理解文充分理解文章整体章整体内容内容南海第一中学南海第一中学南海第一中学南海第一中学真题解读真题解读年份年份卷别卷别体裁体裁题材题材短文短文长度长度标题标题2015 课标卷课标卷 I说明文说明文如何在遭受背叛和如何在遭受背叛和欺骗后重建信任欺骗

3、后重建信任310大标题大标题2014课标卷课标卷I说明文说明文如何让孩子为未来如何让孩子为未来的工作作准备的工作作准备305小标题小标题2013 课标卷课标卷I说明文说明文生意的类别和管理生意的类别和管理技巧技巧234无无2012 课标卷课标卷说明文说明文如何抗压：孩子抗如何抗压：孩子抗压的四个步骤压的四个步骤316大小标题大小标题2011 课标卷课标卷说明文说明文父母应适时跟孩子父母应适时跟孩子谈论钱财问题谈论钱财问题319大小标题大小标题1、通读全文，理解大意、通读全文，理解大意重视首段重视首段每段段首段尾每段段首段尾大小标题，往往大小标题，往往是理解全文的关键是理解全文的关键2、瞻前顾后

4、，初选答案、瞻前顾后，初选答案3、复读全文，解决残敌、复读全文，解决残敌.解题步骤解题步骤Knowing the right answers is far from enough.南海第一中学南海第一中学解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 1、小标题结构：名词短语、祈使句？、小标题结构：名词短语、祈使句？ 2、利用段落的语篇结构段落的语篇结构解题： 1）观点+解释原因+例证 2）总分 结构 主题句+支

5、撑句. 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；1、小标题结构 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标新课标I) Building Trust in a Relationship Again is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._36_. That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationsh

6、ip that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._37_.

7、 Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. _38_ having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. _39_ If youve been betrayed

8、, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated. 南海第一中学南海第一中学 1、小标题结构：分析文章结构，在大脑中形成一个框架Some steps to build trustagain38_ Having confidence in your

9、self will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.主题句主题句D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.You didnt lose “everything”.A. Learn to really trust yourself.南海第一中学南海第一中学_39_Ifyou are the

10、victim. But theres a difference between victim and victim.分析文章结构，在大脑中形成一个框架Money Matters1.The basic function of money2. Money lessons 3. 74 Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a producta name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choic

11、es between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A. Wise decision.B. The value of money. 1、小标题结构

12、南海第一中学南海第一中学解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 1、小标题结构：名词短语、祈使句？、小标题结构：名词短语、祈使句？ 2、利用段落的语篇结构段落的语篇结构解题： 1）观点+解释原因+例证 2）总分 结构 主题句+支撑句. 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；2、语篇段落结构：、语篇段落结构：1）观点）观点+原因原因+例子例子For parents who wish to communicate better with their children, it is worth consid

13、ering the following measures.Have some quality time with your children.Not only should you get involved with their activities but also give them your undivided attention when staying together.This helps you to get to know their mind and thus improve mutual understanding. 观点观点例子例子原因原因 2011课标课标1： Appr

14、oach money lessons with openness and honesty. 3 . If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”D. Tell your child why he can or can

15、not have certain things. 主题句主题句/观点观点解释原因解释原因+例子例子2、语篇段落结构：、语篇段落结构：1）观点）观点+原因原因+例子例子 _39_If youve been betrayed , you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested

16、 or violated. A. Learn to really trust yourself.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.2、语篇段落结构：、语篇段落结构：1）观点）观点+原因原因+例子例子南海第一中学南海第一中学主题句主题句/观点观点解释原因解释原因+例子例子解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 1、小标题结构：名词短语、祈使句？、小标题结构：名词短语、祈使句？ 2、利用段落的语篇结构段落的语篇结构解题： 1）观点

17、+解释原因+例证 2）总分 结构 主题句+支撑句. 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索； Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales,

18、 the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision and guidance by the management in authority. 75 A. Control includes the use of records and reports

19、to compare actual work with the set standards for work.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.2、语篇段落结构：、语篇段落结构： 2）总）总分分 结构结构

20、(2013,1) 南海第一中学南海第一中学 主题句主题句分句：逐一解释分句：逐一解释Conclusion 总结总结1 观察小标题结构、语篇段落结构（观点+原因+例子；总+分结构；主题句+支撑句）可以将选择范围大大缩小。解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；【1】_Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unaccepta

21、ble and hurtful. AIn fact, it usually means that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.BSome kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.key：B二、通过代词找线索通过代词找线索On Camping trips, people dont just stay in their tents the whole day. _These include bird watching, hiking, mountain climbi

22、ng, swimming, and playing games with kids.A. They can do lots of enjoyable and worthwhile activities.B. Activities should be colorful.Key: A【2】二、通过代词找线索通过代词找线索 Conclusion 总结总结2 做做阅读七选五阅读七选五，前后句中的名词、动词、，前后句中的名词、动词、代词代词、冠词等是非常有价值的，不要忽视它们，、冠词等是非常有价值的，不要忽视它们，它们会带领你找到你所需要的答案。它们会带领你找到你所需要的答案。特别注意特别注意： it

23、指代单数名词或整个句子；指代单数名词或整个句子； they指代复数名词；指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；指代单数可数名词；thatthat指代不可数名词或句子等指代不可数名词或句子等南海第一中学南海第一中学解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；B. And we cant forget science education. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. G

24、. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.4. Self-expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas in music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. Skills for the jobs of the future1.C

25、uriosity 2. Creativity 3. Interpersonal Skills 三、以文段中三、以文段中词义复现为线索为线索。三、以文段中三、以文段中词义复现为线索为线索A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant

26、 bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this

27、 hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. _40_ Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.南海第一中学南海第一中学 Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a producta name br

28、and butter and a generic(无商标产无商标产品品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive

29、choice leaves less money for other purchases.A. Wise decision.B. The value of money.C. Permit the child to choose between them.三、三、以文段中以文段中词义复现为线索为线索 Conclusion 总结总结3 词语复现是语篇衔接的重要手段。 利用上下文中的原词复现、同义复现、同根词复现或上下义词复现等现象可以直观地缩小选择范围。解题策略：每道题都能找到依据 一、利用语言结构形式找线索； 二、通过代词代词找线索； 三、以文段中词义词义/语义复现语义复现为线索。 四、从上下文

30、逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；Parents should help their children understand money. 71 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F. Talk about how the money bought the thing

31、after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索；南海第一中学南海第一中学D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects. Business is

32、the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润利润） that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the b

33、usiness. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索； Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one._. A black b

34、ridge over the Thames River near London used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area until it was repainted green.A. However, black is depressing.B. Colors do influence our moods.Key: A四、从上下文逻辑关系逻辑关系寻找线索【4】 Conclusion 总结总结4 做阅读七选五，仔细琢磨文段做阅读七选五，仔细琢磨文段句句际的逻辑关系际的逻辑关系(并列、排比、转折

35、、并列、排比、转折、因果等因果等)，它们能指引你找到正确，它们能指引你找到正确答案。答案。常见关联词：常见关联词：however, but, also, so ,instead等等南海第一中学南海第一中学Summary 选择的线索有显性也有隐性，在学选择的线索有显性也有隐性，在学生熟悉了题型以后，考点敏感度会逐生熟悉了题型以后，考点敏感度会逐渐增强；显性线索（语言结构，代词，渐增强；显性线索（语言结构，代词，词汇复现，逻辑关系关联词，）能解词汇复现，逻辑关系关联词，）能解决约决约6道题。道题。 但有些线索是隐性的，不容易找到但有些线索是隐性的，不容易找到上下文的联系，学生需要综合运用多上下文的联系，学生需要综合运用多种手段解决，如：内容的连贯；整体种手段解决，如：内容的连贯；整体意义的把握；排除法。意义的把握；排除法。 南海第一中学南海第一中学南海第一中学南海第一中学