(新)英语命题技术原则与案例剖析(中小学英语讲座课件.pptx

1、英语命题技术分析（中小学英语讲座培训课件）主讲人：XXX 不同题型命题技术分析 一一、听、听力命题技术分析力命题技术分析 听力技能指学生对口头语言材料的理解能力，以及从口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。 常见题型： 1. 听小对话，选择正确答案； 2. 听长对话，选择正确答案； 3. 听短文（独白），回答问题。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 听力试题命制基本要求（一）听力材料选择。 1. 真实性。 所选材料能代表现实生活中的语言运用任务和情景，以考查学生的真实语言水平。 2. 交际性。 所选材料应具有口语交际性质，听起来自然、真实。同时突出语境，如朋友聚会、餐馆聚餐、车站告别、接电话等。 3. 完整性

2、。 每一个听力材料应该有足够的信息量，内容详实，结构相对完整。中考的较长对话一般35个话轮，长对话一般46个话轮。独白或短文平均词数120150。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 听力材料涉及的常用功能项目 功能功能 项目项目社会交往问候，介绍，打电话，邀请，约会，请求和提供帮助，问路，看病，就餐，劝告，建议态度喜好，意愿，打算，表扬，鼓励情感高兴，惊讶，关切，焦急，安慰，满意，遗憾时间顺序，频度，询问，约定时间特征形状，材料， 价格，年龄，数字，颜色比较相似，差别，比较，描述逻辑推理，因果，目的（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 听力材料涉及的常用话题项目 话题话题 项目项目个人情况兴趣与爱好，工作与职业

3、，学习与教育人际交往人物关系，交流，合作日常活动家庭生活，周末生活，旅行，交通，文娱与体育日常话题饮食，卫生，健康，安全，天气学校生活学校交流，学习科目，学校活动，老师同学节假日节日，假日，庆祝活动，风俗（中小学英语讲座培训课件）（二）考点设置 1. 考查要点要明确。 确保考查信息在材料中清晰地体现出来，突出信息的意义性。确保学生必须通过听的活动才能作答。通过读题干、阅读上下题目就能够推断出答案的试题属于无效试题。 2. 考点布局要合理。 考点应能涵盖全文，且无相互包容。命题要紧扣话题线索，分布要合理，体现难易层次。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）（三）题干设计 1. 题干语言应简明扼要，一目了然，

4、尽量减少不必要的阅读量。 2. 题干语言不设置文字障碍，突出对听力理解的考查。 3. 题干的顺序应该与听力材料的发展顺序一样。 4. 题干内容和设空答案的联系要紧密，体现逻辑性。【例3】Where is the boy going?（选项为图片） A. School. B. Hospital. C. Library.听力材料：M: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the library? W: Its over there, across from the street.答案：C （中小学英语讲座培训课件） 分析：该对话的核心是图书馆的方位，但题

5、目问的是男孩去哪里，题干的设计偏离了材料重点。修改为： Where is the library?选项应改为平面位置图。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）（四）选项设计 1. 语言简明扼要，没有生词。 2. 各选项与材料应有相关性，干扰项应体现一定的干扰性。 3. 各选项呈现的结构、长度、难度应基本一致。 4. 确保正确选项的唯一性。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）【例4】Why doesnt Lingling like American rock music? A. Too noisy. B. Too relaxing. C. Too fast. 听力材料： M: Do you listen to mus

6、ic in your free time, Lingling? W: Yes. I usually listen to pop music. Its relaxing. M: Do you like American rock music? W: No. I think its too noisy.答案：A分析：题干设置一般不用否定的形式。本题的题干与选项之间存在答非所问的现象。分析：题干设置一般不用否定的形式。本题的题干与选项之间存在答非所问的现象。修改为：修改为：What does Lingling think of American rock music? A. Noisy. B. Re

7、laxing. C. Popular（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 二、单二、单项选择试项选择试题命题技术分析题命题技术分析（中小学英语讲座培训课件）1 1、题干应有一定的语境。、题干应有一定的语境。 -Listen! What are they doing? -They in the next room. A. are singing B. will sing C. sangA. are singing B. are playing C. are drawing（中小学英语讲座培训课件） -I hit a tree on the way to meet my friend at the rail

8、way station. -I suppose you too fast. A. drive B. are driving C. drove D. were driving Oh, Mike, you are here. I _ you _ at home at the moment. A. think, are B. think, were C. thought, were （中小学英语讲座培训课件） - You dont look well. Youd better see your doctor. - I_ , but he said theres nothing wrong. A. w

9、ill B. would C. have -My God! Im nearly lost in this city. -Yeah. The city a lot. A. changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change（中小学英语讲座培训课件）下面的试题都没有语境：下面的试题都没有语境： 1、-Whats the weather like this summer? -Its than last summer. A. hot B. too hot C. the hottest D. hotter 2、The teacher made the

10、 students the text after school. A. wrote B. to write C. write D. writing（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 3、Henry speaks Chinese very well. He in China since 2002. A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed 4、What interesting story! A. a B. the C. ones D. an（中小学英语讲座培训课件）2 2、题干要求简洁明了、题干要求简洁明了 1、There will be_people

11、 in Beijing than usual because of all the visitors to the Olympic. Right. We Chinese should feel part of the Olympics and try our best to help. A. many C. more D. most 2、Tan Qianqiu, a politics teacher, died in order to save his four students in the earthquake(地震)in Wenchuan. _teacher he is! A. How

12、excellent B. What an excellent C. What a excellent（中小学英语讲座培训课件）3 3、考试目标要明确，不应考查语言知识以外的内容、考试目标要明确，不应考查语言知识以外的内容 1、Which of the following does paper burn in? A. CO2 B. N2 C. O2 D. He2、What number tells us all the other telephone numbers? A. 119 B. 120 C.114 D. 110（中小学英语讲座培训课件）4 4、题干设计以及表述要准确、题干设计以及表述要

13、准确 Ann is a star runner and runs_in he whole school A. fast B. fastest C. faster（中小学英语讲座培训课件）5 5、要保证答案没有争议、要保证答案没有争议 -Could you lend me the book you bought last week? -_. A. Yes, here you are B. No, I cant lend it to you C. Its not interestingvAndy is_active boy who speaks and laughs loud. vA. a B.

14、the C. anWho is speaking and laughing loud there.（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 三、完形填空 完形填空主要考查学生的语篇理解能力、词语理解及运用能力和推理判断能力。 完形填空选用的语篇一般是记叙文，或者夹叙夹议的短文。语篇应当结构严谨、层次分明、逻辑性强，语言地道，信息量足。语篇的难度略低于阅读理解。 语篇的长度与设空多少直接相关。一般而言，设空的平均词距在1318个单词的范围内，最小词距应控制在68词。如果设10个空，即1810=180，加上首尾句词数，语篇长度大约200220词。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 考点设置 完形填空题要求学生从语篇层次

15、上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学语言知识。 考查的知识与技能： 1. 对语篇上下文的理解和把握的能力； 2. 对词汇意义的理解和运用的能力； 3. 根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力； 4. 对惯用法和常用搭配的理解与掌握程度。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）【例11】An elderly carpenter(木匠) was ready to retire. He told his boss of his plans to leave the house-building business to live a more casual life with his wife.

16、He would miss the pay each week, but he really needed to 1_ . The employer was _2_ to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more _3_ as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but _4_ it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He built the house _5_ and used poor

17、materials. When the carpenter finished his work, the employer came to _6_ the house. He _7_ the front-door key to the carpenter. “This is your house,” he said. “My gift to you.” The carpenter was _8_ . What a shame! If he has known he was building his _9_ house, he would have done it all so _10_. （中

18、小学英语讲座培训课件）1. A. leaveB. retireC. stopD. go2. A. storyB. gladC. surprisedD. pleased3. A. buildingB. homeC. houseD. business4. A. in timeB. on timeC. for timeD. of time5. A. happilyB. attentivelyC. carelesslyD. excitedly6. A. payB. lookC. examineD. inspect7. A. passedB. handedC. admittedD. lent8. A.

19、happyB. upsetC. excitedD. shocked9. A. bossB. sistersC. fathersD. own10.A. magicallyB. carelesslyC. formallyD. differently答案：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9.D 10. D（中小学英语讲座培训课件）分析：1. 考点设置不合理。 第一段最后一词设空，学生要经过漫长阅读才得到解题任务。最后一句最后一词设空，使得该段落信息不够全面。2. 设空词距不合理。 第1和第2题、第6和第7题之间只间隔了3个单词，信息量不足。3. 选项设

20、计不科学。 第6题B. look是不及物动词，不能填入。第9题三个名词所有格，一个形容词，不匹配。4. 答案缺乏唯一性。 第1题的四个选项都可以表达为“退休”。第6的examine和 inspect都理解为“查看”。 （中小学英语讲座培训课件）修改版【例12】An elderly carpenter(木匠) was ready to retire. He told his _1_of his plans to leave the house-building business to live a more casual life with his wife. He would miss the

21、 pay each week, _2_ he really needed to do so. The boss was _3_ to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more _4_ as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but _5_ it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He built the house _6_ and used poor materials. When the

22、 carpenter _7_ his work, the boss came to inspect the house. He _8_ the front-door key to the carpenter. “This is _9_ house,” he said. “My gift for you.” What a shame! If he has known he was building his _10_ house, he would have done it all so differently. But it was too late.（中小学英语讲座培训课件）1. A. fat

23、herB. bossC. wifeD. friend2. A. butB. thenC. soD. and3. A. angryB. gladC. surprisedD. sorry4. A. doorB. schoolC. houseD. hospital5. A. in timeB. on timeC. for a timeD. at a time6. A. happilyB. attentivelyC. carelesslyD. excitedly7. A. startedB. finishedC. continuedD. lost8. A. handedB. fetchedC. int

24、roducedD. lent9. A. myB. yourC. our D. her10.A. last B. big C. differentD. own答案：1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9.B 10. D（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 【例13】 There was a woman in Detroit, who had a son, Ben. She was worried about him because he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class made jokes abou

25、t him because he seemed so slow. The mother decided that she herself would have to get her son to do better in school. She told him to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a book a week and do a report about it for her. One day, in Bens class, the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew

26、it. Ben put up his hand and the teacher let him speak. His classmates wondered why Ben raised his hand. He never said anything. What could he possibly want to say? Well, Ben knew not only the rock but also where the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were surprised. Ben had learned a

27、ll this from doing one of his book reports. Ben later went to the top of his class. When he finished high school, he went to Yale University and at last became one of the best doctors in the United States. After Ben grew up, he learned something about his mother that he did not know as a child. She,

28、 herself, had never had time to learn how to read.（中小学英语讲座培训课件） There was a woman in Detroit, who had a son, Ben. She was worried about him because he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class made jokes about him because he seemed so slow. The mother decided that she herself would have to get

29、 her son to do better in school. She told him to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a book a week and do a report about it for her. One day, in Bens class, the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew it. Ben put up his hand and the teacher let him speak. His classmates wondered why Ben

30、 raised his hand. He never said anything. What could he possibly want to say? Well, Ben knew not only the rock but also where the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were surprised. Ben had learned all this from doing one of his book reports. Ben later went to the top of his class. Wh

31、en he finished high school, he went to Yale University and at last became one of the best doctors in the United States. After Ben grew up, he learned something about his mother that he did not know as a child. She, herself, had never had time to learn how to read.（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 四、阅读理解 阅读理解测试中主要考查六种技能

32、：理解文章中具体信息；理解主旨要义；根据上下文推测生词的意义；进行简单的判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 阅读试题命制要求一、选材要求 1. 材料真实、多样。 所有材料在语言上应该尽量保持与英语本族语国家文本相似，原汁原味的特点。尽可能包含不同题材、体裁的材料。故事类的记叙文、客观性的说明文和生活化的应用文，适当考虑具有逻辑性、思辨性的议论文。避免出现政治、宗教、民族等内容。 2. 阅读量和难度适中。 九年级测试材料应控制在300词左右。同一份试卷中不同语篇的长度应该有梯度，篇章总阅读量（不含题干和选项）不低于1100词。 3. 人文性和科普性兼

33、顾。 关注学生的情感体验，体现价值立意和教育功能。 科普性材料不仅能传播科学知识和方法，更能传播科学思想和精神。 （中小学英语讲座培训课件）二、试题设置注意事项 1. 同一语篇的试题要按照其答案在文本中的顺序进行排列。 2. 答案必须通过阅读文本才能得出。三、题干设计注意事项 1. 题干可以是一个问题或一个需要补全的句子。设空一般是在句子 的结尾处，如The story suggests that_. 2. 题干应包含选项中的共有信息，避免重复。如： Whats the meaning of the name “Haibao” in the passage? A. It means sea w

34、ater. B. It means a smiling face.改为：Which of the following has the closest meaning to the name “Haibao” in the passage? A. Sea water. B. A smiling face.（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 3. 题干不使用带否定结构的形式。 The room in the hotel hasnt got _. 四、不同技能考查题目的题干设置 1. 细节考查的题干。 What did Ryan usually like to do after school? 主要询问人、

35、物、时间、地点、原因、结果、数据等。 2. 主旨大意的题干。 The story mainly tells us about _. Whats the passage mainly about? Whats the main idea of this passage?（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 3. 推理判断的题干。 It can be inferred from the passage that _. From the news, we can learn/conclude that _. Which of the following conclusions can we draw acco

36、rding to the passage? Which of following might happen later? 4. 文本特征类的题干。 The passage is probably taken from a(n) _. Where is the passage probably chosen from? 5. 词义理解题的题干。 The underlined word “_” in Paragraph 2 means _. What does the underlined word “_” probably mean?（中小学英语讲座培训课件）【14】 Nowadays, man

37、y children are treated as “little emperors” at home. Parents show so much love to their children that when they face problems, they dont know how to solve them. So its important for children to learn to be independent. In my opinion, parents should believe in their children and not do everything for

38、 them. Its necessary to give children proper advice and more chances to make their own decisions. And its a good idea to allow children to have enough time to think about questions by themselves instead of telling them the answers. As for children, on the other hand, they shouldnt depend on their pa

39、rents too much. They should learn to do chores in the house. It helps to develop their independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. And when they face difficulties, they should ask their parents for help and then solve them independently. All in all, the earlier children learn to be i

40、ndependent, the better it is for their future.（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 考点？设题？答案？1. 针对第一段设题 When they have problems, many children dont know . Awhat to do Bwhere to get help Chow to tell their parents2. 针对第二段设题 Which of the followings should parents do? A. Help their children solve problems by themselves B. Spe

41、nd more time with their children. C. Tell their children to save more time. （中小学英语讲座培训课件） 3. 针对特定代词设题 The word “It” in Paragraph 3 refers to “ ”. Ato do chores Bto depend on parents Cto look after themselves4. 对段落的大意进行归纳。 What is Paragraph 3 about? A. Advice for children. B. Suggestions for parents.

42、 C. Childrens difficulties. （中小学英语讲座培训课件）（中小学英语讲座培训课件）5. 对整篇文章的归纳总结 What can be the best title for the text? A. Learn to be independent B. Help the parents more C. Try to be good parents（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 五、书面表达 书面表达是一种指导性写作（guided writing），即对写作情景和写作任务提出明确的要求，对学生的写作思路和范围加以指导和限制。 主要形式是应用文写作，是一种实用性很强的语言技能，

43、注重考查学生表达思想、再现生活经历、描述周围人物与事物以及表达观点的能力。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）（一）命题原则 1. 情景设计必须体现真实性原则 真实性是体现语言试题质量优劣的重要标志，与考试的效度紧密相关。如果写作的情景学生不熟悉，学生就很难在书面表达中陈述事实、发表观点。 同时，对情景的描述要做到简洁清晰，没有歧义，以减少不必要的阅读量，确保学生的写作时间。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）【例16】随着网络的发展，越来越多的人选择了在网上购物。请你根据下表提示，写一篇文章谈谈网上购物的利弊。注意：1. 所表述的内容必须包含表格中的所有方面； 2. 文中不能出现自己的真实姓名和学校的信息； 3

44、. 词数80100。 优点优点1. 足不出户；节约时间；避免拥堵、劳累；足不出户；节约时间；避免拥堵、劳累；2. 可选择的范围广，品种多。可选择的范围广，品种多。 缺点1. 只能看到图片，看不到商品本身；2. 容易购买大量不太需要的东西，造成浪费。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）分析： 1. 网上购物的话题对于山区农村等没有购物体验的学生来说难度较大，容易出现胡编乱造的现象。 2. 限制太多。学生只能翻译命题人的观点而不是表达自己的观点。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 2. 任务设计应突出交际性原则 试题设计应考虑到交际目的、交际对象和交际者的身份。任何一则书面表达都是作者与读者之间的交流。（中小学英语

45、讲座培训课件）【例17】Mr. Chen就英语杂志栏目的设置在校园网上征求学生意见。请你根据下面表格内容的提示，用英语写一篇短文回复。 注意：1. 介绍表中所提供的同学的建议，可适度发挥，但不要逐字翻译。 2. 为杂志提供一个不同的栏目名称，并说出理由； 3. 词数80100。同学建议同学建议栏目名称栏目名称理由或做法理由或做法School News帮助学生了解校园内发生的事Knowledge Window开阔眼界，学到更多的知识Free Talk让学生谈论自己的学习和生活你的建议（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 分析：交际者的身份是学生，交际对象是Mr. Chen。设计目的清晰，语用性较强。作为交

46、际者有话想说、有话能说。具有一定的开放性。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） 3. 内容设计应体现开放性原则 试题应给予学生一定的自由发挥空间，以便真实体现不同层次学生的写作能力。命制试题时不要给学生提供过量的信息提示，让他们没有自由发挥的空间，把写作变成了翻译。【例18】假如你是某中学一名学生。6月3日，星期五，在放学回家的公交车上，你所经历的一件事让你印象深刻。请根据以下要点用英语写一篇日记。 1. 一位老爷爷和十来岁的孙子上了车，老人拿着书包和小提琴； 2. 你给老人让座，老人的孙子却坐了下来，老人只得站在旁边； 3. 孩子大声喊着向老人要水喝，并将空水瓶扔到车上； 4. 你认为孩子应该尊重、照

47、顾老人，保持环境卫生。（中小学英语讲座培训课件） （二）优秀试题欣赏【例20】你校组织的英语夏令营向学生提供了两种住宿方式。有的学生喜欢单住，有的喜欢合住。请根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，向夏令营简报English Camp投稿，选择你喜欢的一种住宿方式，并阐述理由。注意：1. 依据你选择的住宿方式，将标题补充完整； 2. 理由必须包括表中你所选择的住宿方式的相应内容，可以适当发挥； 3. 文中不得出现与你身份相关的信息； 4. 词数：80100。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Living alone Living with roommatesquiet feel free live comf

48、ortably CheapFeel happy Help each other（中小学英语讲座培训课件） Living _ Some students prefer to live alone, while others may want to share their rooms with their roommates. The way I like is _分析：该题要求明确，写作目的、对象有明确交代。情景真实且贴近学生生活。夏令营的话题多数学生熟悉，而单住还是合住又是生活中常见问题。试题提供了两个不同观点，学生有选择的余地，有利于他们观点的真实表达。提供的关键词精炼、清晰，降低了学生的写作难度。（中小学英语讲座培训课件）