动词时态语态虚拟语气主谓一致课件.ppt

1、现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般进行进行do/doesdidwill/shall dowould/shouldam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill/shall be doingwould/should be doing现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来完成完成完成进行完成进行have/has donehad donewill/shall have donewould/should have donehave/has been doinghave been doing will/shall have been doingwould/should

2、 have been doing 一般将来时的用法一般将来时的用法 will/shall + will/shall + 动词原形动词原形 be going to + be going to + 不定式不定式, ,表示打算准备要表示打算准备要做的事或肯定要发生的事。做的事或肯定要发生的事。Eg. How Eg. How are you going to spend your holiday?are you going to spend your holiday? be about to +be about to +不定式不定式, ,表示即将发生的表示即将发生的动作。动作。 be to +be t

3、o +不定式不定式, ,表示计划中的义务要表示计划中的义务要做的事，含有做的事，含有“不得不不得不”强制意义。强制意义。Eg. The president of America Eg. The president of America is to visitis to visit China next month.China next month.(5)(5)come,go,leave,start,arrive,flycome,go,leave,start,arrive,fly等动词后，等动词后，用现在进行时表示将来。用现在进行时表示将来。(6)(6)在短语在短语make sure, see

4、(to) it, be suremake sure, see (to) it, be sure后接后接从句，用一般现在时表将来。从句，用一般现在时表将来。eg.My mother _(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.eg.My mother _(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.eg.Make sure all the windows _(close) eg.Make sure all the windows _(close) before you leave.before you leave.eg.See to it that the door

5、_(fasten) before eg.See to it that the door _(fasten) before you go to bed.you go to bed.2. 2.现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法现在进行时与现在进行时与always, continually, always, continually, constantly, foreverconstantly, forever等频度副词连用，等频度副词连用，表示赞叹、厌烦等感情色彩。表示赞叹、厌烦等感情色彩。eg. They _ forever _(quarrel) about eg. They _ forever _

6、(quarrel) about something.something.3. 3. 现在现在/ /过去完成时的用法过去完成时的用法(1)(1)在在“It/This is the best/worst/most It/This is the best/worst/most interesting+interesting+名词名词+ +that”that”中，从句用现中，从句用现在完成时。在完成时。(2)(2)在在“It/This is the first/last time that”It/This is the first/last time that”中，中，从句用现在完成时。从句用现在完成

7、时。(3)(3)在在“It was the first time that sb. had done”It was the first time that sb. had done”中中, ,主句一般过去时，主句一般过去时，thatthat引导的从句引导的从句用过去完成时。用过去完成时。(4)(4)hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean=intend, hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean=intend, supposesuppose等的过去完成时的含义指等的过去完成时的含义指“过过去没有实现的愿望、计划去没有实现的愿望、计划”。含

8、失望。含失望的感情色彩。的感情色彩。Eg. This is the most interesting book that I Eg. This is the most interesting book that I _(read)._(read).We _(hope) that you would be able to We _(hope) that you would be able to visit us, but you did not.visit us, but you did not.It was the first time that we _(travel) It was the

9、 first time that we _(travel) together.together.She _(think) of paying us a visit, but She _(think) of paying us a visit, but was prevented from doing so.was prevented from doing so.(5)(5)用在用在“no soonerthan”no soonerthan”和和“hardly/scarcelywhen”hardly/scarcelywhen”（一一 就就）中，从句用一般过去时。中，从句用一般过去时。no soon

10、er/hardly/scarcelyno sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，要倒装放句首，要倒装eg. We had eg. We had no soonerno sooner reached home reached home thanthan it it began to rain.began to rain.We had We had hardlyhardly reached home reached home whenwhen it began it began to rain.to rain. 他一进办公室，电话就响了。（倒装）他一进办公室，电话就响了。（倒装）Ha

11、rdly Hardly had had he entered the office when the he entered the office when the phone rang. phone rang. 4. 4.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法结构：结构： have/has been doing, have/has been doing,表示现在以前一表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。如：直在进行的动作。如：I have written a letter.I have written a letter.I have been writing a letter.I have bee

12、n writing a letter.已写完已写完还在写还在写注意注意：短暂动词：短暂动词 ( (finish,marry,get finish,marry,get up,come,goup,come,go等等) )不能用这种时态。不能用这种时态。 Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything . A.to tellB.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last mont

13、h. A. has been designedB. had been designed C.was designedD. would be designed 3. Books of this kind _ well. A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is soldDBA In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _.A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be t

14、he betterC. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be5. -How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feelingC. dont feel D. havent feltCD I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it.A. doesnt mention B.

15、hadnt mentionedC. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned7. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. had survived B. are to surviveC. would survive D. will surviveCB一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在过去过去将来将来过去过去将来将来am/is/are askedam/is/are being askedhave/been askedwas/were askedwas/were being a

16、skedhad been askedshall/will be askedshall/will have been askedshould/would be askedshould/would have been asked1. 1.say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,consider,hopeconsider,hope等以等以it it作形式主语时用作形式主语时用被动语态，后接被动语态，后接thatthat从句。如：从句。如：据说我们足球队赢得了比赛。据说我们足球队

17、赢得了比赛。It is said that our football team has won the It is said that our football team has won the game.=game.=Our football team is said to have won the Our football team is said to have won the game.game. 不及物动词，包括不及物动词用的不及物动词，包括不及物动词用的短语动词，如短语动词，如take place, appear, happen, take place, appear, happe

18、n, occur,belong to, return, break occur,belong to, return, break out,rise,consist ofout,rise,consist of不用被动。所有的联不用被动。所有的联系动词，如：系动词，如：taste,look,sound,prove,taste,weartaste,look,sound,prove,taste,wear不用被不用被动语态动语态这菜尝起来可口。这菜尝起来可口。The dish tastes delicious.The dish tastes delicious.3. 3.用非谓语的主动表示被动用非谓语的

19、主动表示被动(1)want,need, require,deserve(1)want,need, require,deserve后用动名词后用动名词的主动形式。如：的主动形式。如：学生们需要照料。学生们需要照料。The student needs/wants/requires looking The student needs/wants/requires looking after. after. (2)(2)形容词形容词worthworth后用动名词主动表示被后用动名词主动表示被动。如：动。如：The book is well worth reading.The book is well

20、worth reading. Make sure that you _ all the windows when you leave the home . A.shut B.will shut C.have shut D.would shut Edison _ questions, _ made his teacher very angry. A.always asked;that B.was always asking;which C.always asks;which D.had always asked;that The reporter said that the UFO _ east

21、 to west when he saw it. A. was to travel B. had been traveling C. was traveling D. traveledABC(3)(3)不定式在形容词不定式在形容词( (difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fit,difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fit,unfit,light,heavy,good,safe,dangerous) unfit,light,heavy,good,safe,dangerous) 后作后作状语，与主语或宾语构

22、成动宾关系，状语，与主语或宾语构成动宾关系，用主动。这是因为形容词后省略了用主动。这是因为形容词后省略了for sb.for sb.如：如：The book is difficult (for me) The book is difficult (for me) to understandto understand. .He is easy (for people) He is easy (for people) to get along withto get along with. .She found the maths problem easy She found the maths p

23、roblem easy to work to work outout. .(4)(4)不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰词构成动宾关系，与主语构成主饰词构成动宾关系，与主语构成主谓关系，用主动表示被动。如：谓关系，用主动表示被动。如：He has a lot of work He has a lot of work to doto do this evening. this evening.Ill give him something Ill give him something to readto read. .(5) (5) 在在there be there b

24、e 中修饰主语的不定式用主中修饰主语的不定式用主动或被动都可。如：动或被动都可。如：There are many things There are many things to do/to be doneto do/to be done. .4. 4.不及物动词后和副词不及物动词后和副词well,easilywell,easily连用连用时，如时，如clean,cook,burn,draw,play,read,sell,wash,clean,cook,burn,draw,play,read,sell,wash,writewrite等，用主动表示被动。如：等，用主动表示被动。如：这布很经洗这布很

25、经洗/ /很畅销。很畅销。The cloths washes/sells well.The cloths washes/sells well.这首诗读起来很流畅。这首诗读起来很流畅。This poem reads smoothly.This poem reads smoothly.5. 5.不及物动词不及物动词act,keep,lock,move,open,shutact,keep,lock,move,open,shut和和cant,wontcant,wont连用时，用主动形式。连用时，用主动形式。如：如：这戏不会上演。这戏不会上演。The play wont act.The play won

26、t act.天气暖了，鱼就存放不久天气暖了，鱼就存放不久。In warm weather meat and fish wont In warm weather meat and fish wont keep long.keep long.6. 6.作表语的形容词后，用不定式的作表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动。主动。这鱼不能食用。这鱼不能食用。The fish is not fit to eat.The fish is not fit to eat.1. 1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气用于条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句主句主句与现在与现在事实相事实相反反与过去与过去事实相事实相反反

27、与将来与将来事实相事实相反反动词过去式动词过去式（be用用were）would/should+动原动原动词过去完成式动词过去完成式would/should+have done动词过去式动词过去式/were to +动原动原/should+动原动原would/should+动原动原eg. If I _(be) you, I would ask our eg. If I _(be) you, I would ask our teacher for help.teacher for help.If I _(have) enough money If I _(have) enough money to

28、morrow, I _(buy) a copy of tomorrow, I _(buy) a copy of “Harry Potter” .“Harry Potter” .If I _(not take) the wrong bus, I If I _(not take) the wrong bus, I _(not miss) the contest._(not miss) the contest.(1)(1)混合时间的条件句混合时间的条件句eg.eg.假如我以前学过法语，现在就假如我以前学过法语，现在就能为我们的法国朋友翻译。能为我们的法国朋友翻译。If I had learned F

29、rench, I would be able If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friends.to interpret for our French friends.(2)(2)含蓄条件句含蓄条件句eg. Without water, we _(die).eg. Without water, we _(die).had beenhad beenwould diewould die(3)(3)无主句的条件句无主句的条件句 eg. If only I _(be) more careful. e

30、g. If only I _(be) more careful.2. 2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句虚拟语气用于宾语从句: :( (should)+should)+动原动原表示建议：表示建议：suggest,propose,recommend,advisesuggest,propose,recommend,advise表示主张：表示主张：insist,maintain/hold(insist,maintain/hold(主主张张), ),urge(urge(呼吁呼吁) )表示要求：表示要求：ask,request,require,demand,desireask,request,require,de

31、mand,desire表示命令表示命令：order,commandorder,commandeg. The doctor ordered that she _(stay) eg. The doctor ordered that she _(stay) in bed for a few days.in bed for a few days.3. 3.作作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal, advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal, suggestion,requestsuggestion,request 的表语从句、

32、同位语从的表语从句、同位语从句句:( :(should)+should)+动原动原Eg. My idea is that he _ do exercises first.Eg. My idea is that he _ do exercises first.4. 4.虚拟语气用于主语从句虚拟语气用于主语从句It isIt is necessary/important/natural/desirable/ necessary/important/natural/desirable/advisable/strange advisable/strange that we that we (shoul

33、d) clean(should) clean the room the room every day.every day.It will be desired/suggested/decided/ordered/It will be desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/recommended/proposed thatrequested/recommended/proposed that I I (should) (should) finishfinish my homework this afternoon. my homework thi

34、s afternoon.5. 5.虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于wish, if only, as if/thoughwish, if only, as if/though等等句中：句中：用法用法动词形式动词形式与现在事实与现在事实相反相反与过去事实与过去事实相反相反与将来事实与将来事实相反相反过去式过去式(be用用were)过去完成式过去完成式would/could/might+原形原形(1) If only I _ (be) a bird.(1) If only I _ (be) a bird.(2) I wish it _ (be) spring all years around.(2) I

35、wish it _ (be) spring all years around.(3) I wish I _ (arrive) two hours earlier.(3) I wish I _ (arrive) two hours earlier.(4) It looks as if it _ (rain).(4) It looks as if it _ (rain).(5) They talked as if they _ (be) (5) They talked as if they _ (be) friends years before. friends years before. (6)

36、 If only I _ (take) his advice.(6) If only I _ (take) his advice.werewerehad arrivedcould raincould rainhad been had been had taken had taken 6. 6.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在would ratherwould rather后接从句后接从句: :从句用过去完成时指过去从句用过去完成时指过去从句用过去时指现在、将来从句用过去时指现在、将来(1) I would rather she _( not do) (1) I would rather she _( no

37、t do) that just now.that just now.(2) I would rather you _(pay) me (2) I would rather you _(pay) me now.now.(3) I would rather you _(paint) the (3) I would rather you _(paint) the wall green next time.wall green next time.would would 可看作表愿望的实义动词。可看作表愿望的实义动词。hant donehant donepaidpaidpaintedpainted6.

38、 6.以以in order that, so that in order that, so that 引起的从句：引起的从句：The professor spoke slowly in order that The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners the listeners could hearcould hear him clearly. him clearly.7. 7.以以It is (high) timeIt is (high) time引起的从句：引起的从句：eg. It is time we eg. It is

39、time we stopped/should stopstopped/should stop this this practice.practice.语法一致语法一致意义一致意义一致Five and five are ten.(将将five and five看作看作并列主语并列主语 )Ten years have passed since the founding of the Union.(将将ten years看作看作复数复数 )Five and five is ten.(将将five and five看作看作一个整体一个整体 )Ten years is a moment in histo

40、ry.(将将ten years看作看作一段时间一段时间 )(1)(1)根据根据意义一致意义一致的原则，加减乘的原则，加减乘除运算多用除运算多用单数单数：Twenty divided by four _ five.Twenty divided by four _ five.Five times seven _ thirty-five.Five times seven _ thirty-five.(2)“Many a +(2)“Many a +名词名词”或或“more than more than one+one+名词名词”，意义虽复数，但根，意义虽复数，但根据据语法一致语法一致的原则：的原则：M

41、any a man _ (do) his duty.Many a man _ (do) his duty.More than one game _(lose).More than one game _(lose).has donehas donewas lostwas lost1. 1.就近原则：由就近原则：由or, eitheror, or, eitheror, neithernor , not onlybut alsoneithernor , not onlybut also连接连接 Mr. Wang or I _ (be) to take the Mr. Wang or I _ (be)

42、 to take the job.job. Either Mary or her classmates _ Either Mary or her classmates _ (be) wrong.(be) wrong. Not only Wang Li but also his Not only Wang Li but also his girlfriend _ (scold) by the girlfriend _ (scold) by the teacher. teacher. 注意：注意：here, therehere, there引导的句子引导的句子, ,如有并如有并列主语，谓语动词也按

43、就近原则。列主语，谓语动词也按就近原则。Here _ (be) a stamp and an envelope Here _ (be) a stamp and an envelope for you.for you.There _ (be) two pencils, a pen, a ruler There _ (be) two pencils, a pen, a ruler and a rubber in the box.and a rubber in the box.2. 2.主语后有主语后有as well as, together with, as well as, together w

44、ith, along with, with, in addition to, along with, with, in addition to, except/but, besides, as much as, except/but, besides, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, rather than, more than, no less than, like, unlike, includinglike, unlike, including引导的词组引导的词组时，谓语看前。时，谓语看前。 The manager wi

45、th some workers _ The manager with some workers _ (work) during the holidays.(work) during the holidays. His brother rather than his parents His brother rather than his parents _ (be) to blame._ (be) to blame.3. 3.定语从句、强调句、存在句中的定语从句、强调句、存在句中的主谓一致主谓一致(1)(1)定语从句中的谓语动词由先行定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词决定词决定These buildi

46、ngs which _ (build) now These buildings which _ (build) now will be our new teaching building.will be our new teaching building.He is one of those people who _ (go) He is one of those people who _ (go) out of the center for help.out of the center for help.He is the only one of those boys who He is t

47、he only one of those boys who _(be) willing to do the job._(be) willing to do the job.(2) (2) 强调句中：强调句中：eg. eg. It isIt is I I whowho _ (be) to blame. _ (be) to blame.(3) (3) 存在句中：就近原则存在句中：就近原则eg. There _ (be) a man and a woman in eg. There _ (be) a man and a woman in the room. the room. 由由and and 连

48、接的并列主语表示不同的连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物，谓语用复数；表示同一人人或物，谓语用复数；表示同一人或物，谓语用单数；或物，谓语用单数； (1)Mr. and Mrs. Smith _ (come).(1)Mr. and Mrs. Smith _ (come). (2)The professor and doctor (2)The professor and doctor _(come)._(come).have comehave comehas comehas comes s 5. 5. 主语从句中：把从句看成整体主语从句中：把从句看成整体是否我会成功取决于我的勤奋。是否我会成功取决于我的勤奋。Whether I will succeed depend on diligence.Whether I will succeed depend on diligence.