1、Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations Weichun Zhu Department of Labor Studies and Employment Relations003 Keller Building Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 168022-0Chapter Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the two major forms of workforc
2、e diversity. Define the key biographical characteristics and describe how they are relevant to OB. Define intellectual ability and demonstrate its relevance to OB. Contrast the two types of ability. Describe how organizations manage diversity effectively. Show how culture affects our understanding o
3、f biographical characteristics and intellectual abilities.2-1DiversitySurface-level diversityDeep-level diversityDiversity Management2-2Biographical CharacteristicsObjective and easily obtained personal characteristics.Age Older workers bring experience, judgment, a strong work ethic, and commitment
4、 to quality.Gender Few differences between men and women that affect job performance.2-3Biographical Characteristics (Continued)Race & Ethnicity Contentious issue: differences exist, but could be more culture based than race based. Tenure People with job tenure (seniority at a job) are more producti
5、ve, absent less frequently, have lower turnover, and are more satisfied.2-4Other Biographical Characteristics Religion May impact the workplace in areas of dress, grooming and scheduling Sexual Orientation Federal law does not protect against discrimination (but state or local laws may). Domestic pa
6、rtner benefits are important considerations. Gender Identity Relatively new issue transgendered employees.2-5AbilityAn individuals capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Intellectual and Physical Abilities2-6AbilityMade up of two sets of factors: Intellectual Abilities The abilities needed
7、to perform mental activities. General Mental Ability (GMA) is a measure of overall intelligence. Wonderlic Personnel Test: a quick measure of intelligence for recruitment screening. No correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction. Physical Abilities The capacity to do tasks demanding stamin
8、a, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.2-7Dimensions of Intellectual AbilityIntellectual AbilityNumber AptitudeVerbal ComprehensionPerceptual SpeedInductive ReasoningDeductive ReasoningSpatial VisualizationMemoryE X H I B I T 21 2-8Nine Basic Physical Abilities2-9Strength Factors Dynami
9、c strength Trunk strength Static strength Explosive strengthFlexibility Factors2-10Flexibility FactorsExtent flexibilityDynamic flexibility Other Physical Factors 2-11Other FactorsBody coordinationBalanceStaminaImplementing Diversity Management Strategies Making everybody more aware and sensitive to
10、 the needs of others. 2-12Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining the Diverse EmployeesWorking with Diversity in GroupsEffective Diversity ProgramsSummary and Managerial Implications Summary: Ability Directly influences employees level of performance. Managers need to focus on ability in se
11、lection, promotion, and transfer. Fine-tune job to fit incumbents abilities. Biographical Characteristics Should not be used in management decisions: possible source of bias.2-13Summary and Managerial Implications Diversity Management Must be an ongoing commitment at all levels of the organization. Policies must include multiple perspectives and be long term in their orientation to be effective.2-14
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