2014-2021年高考英语语法填空分类汇总-介词-2022届高三英语一轮复习.docx

1、2014-2021年语法填空分类汇总介词此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：There are many students living at school，the (child) houses are all far from school由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化

2、形式复数的所有格childrens。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和

3、宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例：The king decided to see the painter by (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例：I am(tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest stud

4、ents in my class此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式oncetwice例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的

5、计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness)在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中

6、横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例2：His boss was_angry as to fire him如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so.as to.，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引

7、导词的掌握程度。例1：He did not done_his father had asked him to do审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例2：Those_want to go to the village must sign here经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：The us consists_fifty state

8、s根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由.组成”，所以答案是of。例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleave to take_of her生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London_of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为inst

9、ead，以构成介词短语instead of。例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_of him.细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand.，eitheror.，neithernor.，not onlybut also.等。例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因

10、果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例2：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例2：Old

11、 Toms granddaughter used to visit him_Saturday afternoonSaturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay_Zhang Wen.第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。高中生学习（微信公众号例4：It was only one day left，_，his father had no idea t

12、o answer him观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例：Tony_travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home w

13、atching TV由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，能够较大地提高同学们在此题型上的得分率。第一部分历年真题1.( 2014年新课标) I got a place next _(64) the window.2. (2015年新课标卷)Its only an hour away _(66) car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.3.（2015年新课标卷）_(67) the same time, they warm up again fo

14、r the night.4.（2016年新课标卷）But my connection with pandas goes back _(64) my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.5.（2016年新课标卷）Most of us are more focused _(64) our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.6. ( 2016年新课标卷)Over time, _(65) the population grew, people began cutting food into small

15、pieces so it would cook more quickly.7. ( 2016年新课标卷) In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _(60) their hands.8.（2017年新课标卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）_(61) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects 9.(2017年新课标卷)It ran for j

16、ust under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _(62) work10.( 2017年新课标卷) After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree _(68) engineering or architecture.11.（2018年新课标）While ru

17、nning regularly cannot make you live forever, the review says it is (64) (be) more effective at lengthening life _(65) walking, cycling or swimming.12.（2018年新课标）Corn uses less water _(65) rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.13.（2018年新课标）I was searching _(67) these three western lowland goril

18、las Id been observing.14.（2019年新课标）Modern methods _(63) tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.15.（2019年新课标）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _(63) dogs, seven to be exact.16.（2020年新课标）Because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so _ (65) the f

19、amiliar near side.17.（2020年新课标）Orange trees are more _ (64) decoration.18.（2020年新课标）Bamboo plants are associated _ (67) health, abundance and a happy home.19.（2020年新课标）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _ (70) earth, Mother Nature.20.（2020年山东）Museums must compete _ (45) peopl

20、es spare time and money with other amusements.21.（2020年浙江）Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _ (56) , through agriculture.22.（2020年浙江）Farming produced more food per person _ (58) hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more chil

21、dren.23.(2021年全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _(64) the late 1980s.24.(2021年全国乙卷)Due tothegrowing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _(66) trips are now being classified as ecotourism.25.(2021年全国甲卷)The Xian City Wall is the most complete cit

22、y wall that has survived Chinas long history. It wasbuiltoriginally to protect the city _(42) the Tang dynasty and has now been completelyrestored(修复).第二部分参考答案1.( 2014年新课标) I got a placenext _(64) the window.(介词的固定搭配)to2. (2015年新课标卷) Its only an hour away_(66) carand offers all the scenery of the be

23、tter-known city.(介词的功能)by3.（2015年新课标卷）_(67) the same time,they warm up again for the night.（介词的固定搭配）at4.（2016年新课标卷）But my connection with pandasgoes back _(64)my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s. (介词的固定搭配)to5.（2016年新课标卷）Most of us are morefocused _(64)our tasks in the morning than we are later in

24、the day.(介词的固定搭配)on6. ( 2016年新课标卷)Over time, _(65) the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.（介词的固定搭配）as（在这里为连词，放在介词处整理）7. ( 2016年新课标卷) In India, for example, most people traditionallyeat _(60) their hands.（介词的基本功能）with8.（2017年新课标卷）This trend, whi

25、ch was started by the medical community（医学界）_(61) a method offighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects 介词as9.(2017年新课标卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelledto and _(62)work.介词from10. ( 2017年新课标卷) Af

26、ter school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree _(68) engineering or architecture.In11.（2018年新课标）While running regularly cannot make you live forever, the review says it is (64) (be)more effectiveat lengthening life _(65) walking, cycling or swim

27、ming.（介词）than12.（2018年新课标）Corn useslesswater _(65) rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.（介词）than13.（2018年新课标）I wassearching _(67) these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.（介词的固定搭配）for14.（2019年新课标）Modern methods _(63) tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since

28、the mid-1980s.（介词）of/for15.（2019年新课标）We were first greeted with the barking bya pack _(63)dogs, seven to be exact.（介词）of16.（2020年新课标）Because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，moreso _ (65) the familiar near side.（介词）than17.（2020年新课标）Orange trees are more _ (64) decoration. （介词固定搭配，more than：不只是）tha

29、n18.（2020年新课标）Bamboo plantsare associated _ (67)health, abundance and a happy home.（介词固定搭配）with19.（2020年新课标）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _ (70) earth, Mother Nature.（介词）on20.（2020年山东）Museums mustcompete _ (45)peoples spare time and money with other amusements.（介词固定搭配）fo

30、r21.（2020年浙江）Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _ (56) , through agriculture.（介词）in22.（2020年浙江）Farming producedmorefood per person _ (58) hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.（介词）than23.(2021年全国乙卷)It was not wid

31、ely accepted as a travel concept _(64) the late 1980s.until24.(2021年全国乙卷)Due tothegrowing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _(66) trips are now being classified as ecotourism.of25.(2021年全国甲卷)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It wasbuiltoriginally to protect the city _(42) the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).in