小学英语语法复习及练习.doc

1、小学英语语法复习及练习一、名词复数规则 1. 一般情况，直接加 一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats 2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如 ：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches(手表) 结尾， 结尾 3. 以“辅音字母 辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加 结尾， 结尾 为 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberrystrawberries 但boy-boys 4.以“f 或 fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加 结尾， 或 为 再加-es，如：knife-knives

2、 leaf-leaves 或 结尾 5. 以o结尾 有生命的加es 无生命的加s，如：potato-potatoes tomatoes photo-photos piano-pianos不规则名词的复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman不规则名词的复数 policewomen, child-children,foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese, goose-geese 不可数名词没有复数形式： 不可数名词没有复数形式 paper

3、, juice, water, milk,在具体句子中我们应该把不可数名词当成单数看待 rice, tea 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _ her _ we themthese theirdays child _photo photoes diary_day_ _ diarieschildren feet dresses teethfoot_book_dress_tooth_ books sheep boxespeaches sheep _box_peach_ men women man_woman_ paper juice paper_ juice_ waterwater_

4、 milk_ milk二、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky isblue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up atsix every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goesaround the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的标志词：often,usually, sometimes, every等 一般现在时的标志词 标志词 一般现在时的构成 主语+动词原形。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it，my fa

5、ther等)时 主语(三单)+动词的三单形式（要在动词后加-s或-es）如：Mary likesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。 like bread. He doesnt like bread, too. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 如： Do you go to schoolby bike? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.如： 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 Does she go to school by bike? 如： Idon

6、tYes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How dou you go to school?How does your father go to work? 动词的第三人称单数的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, make-makes 一般情况下，直接加 一般情况下 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 但 play-plays 不

7、规则变化 have-has 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay_ make _look _ have_ pass_come_watch_ plant_ fly _study_ do_ teach_ play _ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。has 1. He often _(have)dinner at home. are 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Mondays. dont watch doesntgo 4. Tom _(not go) to the z

8、oo on Sundays. 5. _they _(like) apples? Do like do 6. What _they often_(do) on Saturdays? do Does read 7. _ your father_(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays. teaches is 9. There _(be) some waterin the bottle(瓶子). likes 10. Mike _(like) cooking. do 11.You always _(do

9、) your homework well. goes 12. She _(go)to school from Monday to Friday. does 13. Liu Yun _(do) notlike PE. 14. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.watches 三、按照要求改写句子 1. Jack watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) Jack doesnt watch TV every evening._ 2. I do myhomework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) Do

10、you do yourhomework every day? No, I dont._ 3. Shelikes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) Does she like milk? Yes,she does. _ 4.Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)Does Amy like playing computer games? No, she doesnt._ 5. We go toschool every morning.(改为否定句) We dont go to school everymorning. _不管是否定句

11、还是疑问句，用上了助动词以后， 不管是否定句还是疑问句，用上了助动词以后， 后面的行为动词都要使用动词原形。 后面的行为动词都要使用动词原形。三、现在进行时 1现在进行时 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句 肯定句 基本结构：主语+be+ 动词ing. 如： I 现在进行时的否定句 否定句 基本结构：主语+be not + 动词ing. 如： I amnot eating. 现在进行时的一般疑问句 一般疑问句 基本结构： be动词 +主语 +动词ing. 如： Are you eating？ 现在进行时的特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句 基本结构：特殊疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing

12、? 如：What are you eating? am eating.动词的ing形式（动词的现在分词）的变化规则 形 式（ 动词的 形式 的变化规则1 一般情况下直接在动词后面加ing read-reading sleep-sleepingstudy-studying clean-cleaning play-playing2 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-makingwrite-writing dance-dancing ride-riding have-havingtake-taking3 以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个

13、元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈 现 “辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing stop-stopping停 sit-sitting坐 run-running跑cut-cutting切 beginbeginning开始get-getting得到 swim-swimming游 dig-digging挖 一、写出下列动词的现在分词（即ing形式）： play_run_swim_ make_go_like_write_ ski_ read_have_sing_ dance_ put_ see_buy _ love_ live_ take_ come_ get_stop_ sit _ be

14、gin_shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _( draw) a picture now. is dwawing 2. Listen .Some girls_ ( sing) in the classroom . are singing is cooking3. My mother _ ( cook ) the meals now. doing 4. What_ you _ ( do ) now? are 5. Look . They _( have)an English lesson . are having arent watering 6.They_(not

15、 ,water) the flowers now. are dancing 7.Look!the girls _(dance ) in the classroom . 8.What is yourgrandmother doing? She _(listen ) to music. is listeningare having 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have) dinnernow. washing 10._Helen_(wash ) clothes? Yes ,sheis . Is三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework . (分别改成

16、一般疑问句和否定句)_Are they doing housework? They arent doing housework._2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改成一般疑问句并作肯定和 否定回答) Are the students cleaning the classroom?_Yes, they are. No, they arent._3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_What are you doing in the playground?4 Tom

17、is reading books inhis study . (对划线部分进行提问) Where is Tom reading books?_四、一般将来时 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作以及打算或者准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： 概念： tomorrow, this weekeng, next day(week,month, year),等。 二、基本结构： 主 + be going to + 动词原形； 主 +will+ 动词原形. 基本结构： I am going to playfootball tomorrow（明天）. = I will play football tomorro

18、w. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not，主 + be not goingto + 动第3/7页词原形。 否定句： 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： 把be提到句首，some改为any, 第一二人称互换。 一般疑问句： Be + 主+ going to +动词原形? 例如：We are going to swimthis weekend. Are you going to swim this weekend

19、?填空 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ havea picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shoppingthis _? Yes, she _. She _ _ buy s

20、ome fruit. 4.你们打算什么时候见面。 What time_ you _ _ meet? 改句子 1. Lucy is going to go hiking.（改否定） Lucy _ _going to go hiking. 2. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30tomorrow? 3. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _after school? 4. My father and

21、 mother are going to see a filmtomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a film tomorrow?五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语 连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2一般过去时Be动词的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are 在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或 were后加not，一般疑问句把wa

22、s或were调到句首。 3没有be动词的一般过去时 肯定句： 主语+动词过去式？ 否定句： 主语+didnt +动词原形？ 如： Jim wenthome yesterday. 如：Jim didnt go homeyesterday. 如：Did Jimgo home yesterday? 如： What did Jim do yesterday?一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形？特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to homeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则： 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：

23、clean-cleaned, cook-cooked 2以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加d，如：like-liked live-lived 3末尾有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写末尾的 辅音字母，加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 但play-played 5不规则动词过去第4/7页式： am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, get-got, go-went,comecame, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, sing-sang,

24、put-put,make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, fly-flew, ,swim-swam 一写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_plant_ are _play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask_taste_ eat_ draw_ put _swim_ kick_ pass_ do _ 二、用动词的适当形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi twoyears ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We_ (have) a p

25、arty last weekend. 4. Lucy _ (pick) uporanges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a snowman withMike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroomlast PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last SpringFestival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at theparty. 9. She _ (be) happy yesterda

26、y. 10. Yang Ling _(be) eleven years old last year. 11. There _ (be) an appleon the plate yesterday.三、句型转换1. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. We sang someEnglish songs. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. They playedfootball in the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_六、比较级 1、比较级在句子中的

27、运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。 一般句式的构成： A + is / are+形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格 如： She is taller than me. 2形容词加er的规则： 一般在词尾加er 如 ：small-smallerclean-cleaner ； 以字母e 结尾，加r 如：fine-finernice-nicer； 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 如： big-bigger hot-hotter ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 如：heavy-haevie

28、reasy-easier。 3不规则形容词比较级： good-better, 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long muchmany big (1) How (2) How (3) How (4) How (5)How (6) How is the Yellow River? is Mr Green? Hes 175cm. areyour feet? I wear size 18. is the white sTh-irt? Its 100 yuan.apples are there in the bag? There are 5. is the fish? It

29、s 2kg. 二、根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) Im 12 years old. Youre14. Im (2) A rabbits tail is第5/7页 (3) An elephant is (4) A lake is (5) A basketball is thanyou.than a monkeys tail. than a pig. than a sea. than a football. (5) This bag is (beautiful) of the three. 三、根据中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. Im (2)这棵树要比那棵树高. (3) 你比他矮四厘

30、米. (4) 谁比你重? (5) 他比你更强壮. He is 四、根据答句写出问句 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Im 160 cm. Im 12 years old. My shoes are80 yuan. Amys hair is 30 cm long. I have three English books.This tree than you. than you. You are than my brother. than thatone. than he.七、There be 句型与have, has的区别 句型与have, has的区别 1、There be 句型表示：在

31、某地有某物（或人） 2、在there be句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最接近be 动词的那个名词决 定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4 、there be句型与have (has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物 （或人）；have (has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many +

32、 名词复数 + are there + 地点短语？ 选词填空 “have, has” or “there is , there are” “is there,are there” 1. I _a good father and a good mother. 2._a book on the desk. 3. He _a car. 4._a basketball in the playground. 5. She_some dresses. 6. They _ a nice garden. 7. Whatdo you_? 8. _many children on the mountain.9.

33、What does Mike_? 10. _any books inthedesk? 11. My father _a story-book. 12._a story-book on the table. 13. _anyflowers in theforest? 14. How many students _in theclassroom? 15. My parents _some nice pictures. 16._some maps on the wall. 17. Davids friends_some gifts. 用恰当的be动词填空。 1、There 2、There 3、The

34、re 4、There 5、There 6、There 7、There 8 、There a lot ofsweets in the box. some milk in the glass. some people under thethe big tree. a picture and a map on the wall. a box of rubbersnear the books. lots of flowers in our garden last year. a tinof chicken behind the fridge yesterday. four cups of coffee

35、 onthe table.八、人称代词和物主代词人称代词主格 第一 人称 第二 人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 宾格物主代词形容词性 名词性I（我） we（我们） 我们） you（你） you（你们） 你们） he（他）me us you you him her it themm y（我的） 我的）our（我们的） 我们的）your（你的） 你的）your（你第6/7页们的） 你们的） his（他的） 他的） her（她的） 她的） its（它的） 它的）their（他们的/ （他们的 她们的/它们的 它们的） 她们的 它们的）mine ours yours yours his hers its

36、 theirs第三 人称单数she（她） it（它）复数they（他们/她们 （他们 她们 她们/ 它们） 它们） 用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. Thegirl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. Theman with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother inthe classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?