1、专题一 记叙文型基础写作专题二 应用文型基础写作专题三 说明文型基础写作专题四 议论文型基础写作模块模块5 5基础写作基础写作模块模块 5 5基础写作基础写作考纲解读模块模块5 5 考纲解读考纲解读广东省高考英语写作分为两部分,一是基础写广东省高考英语写作分为两部分,一是基础写作,即我们常说的控制性写作,二是读写任务写作,作,即我们常说的控制性写作,二是读写任务写作,属发散性写作。综观近年来的高考英语写作,测试属发散性写作。综观近年来的高考英语写作,测试的内容正在从知识型向能力型转变,写作文体日趋的内容正在从知识型向能力型转变,写作文体日趋多元化,命题更具开放性,也就是说对考生英语写多元化,命
2、题更具开放性,也就是说对考生英语写作能力的要求也在逐年提高。基础写作题目的目的作能力的要求也在逐年提高。基础写作题目的目的是要检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如用词是要检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如用词的合理性、的合理性、模块模块5 5 考纲解读考纲解读结构的复杂性、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整结构的复杂性、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。按照基础写作的评分标性、句子之间的连贯性等。按照基础写作的评分标准准1.1.信息内容的完整性信息内容的完整性(Completeness)(Completeness);2.2.信息信息内容的连贯性内容的连贯性(Coheren
3、ce)(Coherence);3.3.句子结构的正确性句子结构的正确性(Correctness)(Correctness);4.4.句子结构的复杂性句子结构的复杂性(Variety)(Variety)要求考生要了解复杂句的概念、学会使用复杂句来表要求考生要了解复杂句的概念、学会使用复杂句来表达信息要点,尽量避免一些易受汉语思维影响而犯的达信息要点,尽量避免一些易受汉语思维影响而犯的书面表达错误。总之,考生必须具备用英语熟练地表书面表达错误。总之,考生必须具备用英语熟练地表达自己所在的生活环境的能力。达自己所在的生活环境的能力。命题分析模块模块5 5 命题分析命题分析1 1基础写作题材贴近考生的
4、学习和生活。历基础写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习生活,年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习生活,如:校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游以及与考生如:校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预料有关的话题讨论等。可以预料20112011年高考写作题的年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内,并为所有考生熟悉。题材还会在这些范围之内,并为所有考生熟悉。2 2写作的体裁主要是记叙文和应用文。命题写作的体裁主要是记叙文和应用文。命题形式多为看图写故事、看图表说明、根据表格信息形式多为看图写故事、看图表说明、根据表格信息写一篇通讯报道,写一封短
5、信或一份通知等应用文。写一篇通讯报道,写一封短信或一份通知等应用文。模块模块5 5 命题分析命题分析应试点睛模块模块5 5 应试点睛应试点睛 基础写作主要考查同学们对英语基本句型的运用,基础写作主要考查同学们对英语基本句型的运用,整合知识的能力和语言结构安排及基本表述的能力。整合知识的能力和语言结构安排及基本表述的能力。此题基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥,只需将所此题基本不要求考生对写作内容进行发挥,只需将所给信息完整准确连贯地写出就可以了。其实际上就是给信息完整准确连贯地写出就可以了。其实际上就是翻译和连词成句,扩句成文的形式。翻译和连词成句,扩句成文的形式。1 1仔细审读写作要求和写作内
6、容信息;仔细审读写作要求和写作内容信息;2 2确定标题确定标题(如果题中要求写标题就确定标题,如果题中要求写标题就确定标题,若题中没做要求则可以不写若题中没做要求则可以不写);模块模块5 5 应试点睛应试点睛 3 3写出要点写出要点(如:文中涉及到的重点词汇、短如:文中涉及到的重点词汇、短语及句型语及句型);4.4.列提纲列提纲(列提纲的过程实际上是一个谋篇布列提纲的过程实际上是一个谋篇布局,把内容要点按恰当合理的顺序排列,使文章条局,把内容要点按恰当合理的顺序排列,使文章条理、通顺的过程理、通顺的过程);5 5写草稿并对其修改润色;写草稿并对其修改润色;6 6复查复查(复查的项目包括:格式是
7、否正确,内复查的项目包括:格式是否正确,内容是否完整,表达是否准确,行文是否连贯等容是否完整,表达是否准确,行文是否连贯等)并使并使用合适的方法将用合适的方法将5 5个句子衔接成连贯的文章。常用的个句子衔接成连贯的文章。常用的衔接手段是使用过渡词语。衔接手段是使用过渡词语。题型探究模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究我们来谈论一下基础写作的解题方法。难点是难我们来谈论一下基础写作的解题方法。难点是难句的表达,句的表达,每一道题目的中文内容都有一些与英文每一道题目的中文内容都有一些与英文表达稍有差异甚至大相径庭的表达形式。表达稍有差异甚至大相径庭的表达形式。例例 假设你是李华,假设你是李华,请根据你
8、校美化校园的规请根据你校美化校园的规划,划,用英语给你在美国的笔友用英语给你在美国的笔友PeterPeter写一封信,写一封信,介介绍该规划。信的主要内容如下:绍该规划。信的主要内容如下:探究点一难句的表达探究点一难句的表达模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 写作要求写作要求 1 1应包含所给出的全部信息,应包含所给出的全部信息,开头和结尾已经开头和结尾已经给出。给出。2 2必须使用必须使用5 5个句子组成连贯的短文。个句子组成连贯的短文。Dear PeterDear Peter,I would like to tell you that our school I
9、 would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new has worked out a new program._program._Welcome to our school if you have any chance.Welcome to our school if you have any chance.Yours Yours,Li Hua Li Hua模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 【学生样本学生样本】Dear PeterDear Peter,I would like to tell you that our sch
10、ool I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.has worked out a new program.In order to In order to make our school beautiful and clean the air,make our school beautiful and clean the air,we plan to have more trees in our school now.we plan to have more trees in our school
11、 now.In order to get a good place to study and In order to get a good place to study and live,we have many plans.live,we have many plans.First,we plan First,we plan to build up a botanical garden to build up a botanical garden 模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究and and letlet_ _studentsstudents_ _visitvisit_ _andand_
12、_useuse.Second,Second,we plan to build up a small garden for we plan to build up a small garden for people to rest and study.people to rest and study.At last,we At last,we plan to build up some statues of famous plan to build up some statues of famous people to effect students and teachers.people to
13、 effect students and teachers.Welcome to our school if you have any Welcome to our school if you have any chance.chance.Yours Yours,Li Hua Li Hua模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 【评论点拨评论点拨】我们来看看学生的样本有什么地方可以改进:我们来看看学生的样本有什么地方可以改进:第句:第句:“In order to make our school In order to make our school beautiful and clean the a
14、ir”beautiful and clean the air”比较生硬,比较生硬,to to make our school beautifulmake our school beautiful应该改为应该改为to make our to make our school more beautifulschool more beautiful;“we plan to have we plan to have more trees in our school now”more trees in our school now”中的中的havehave改为改为plantplant会好些。会好些。模块模
15、块5 5 题型探究题型探究 第句:是个废句,第句:是个废句,而且还霸占了后面的信息的而且还霸占了后面的信息的位置。位置。第句:第句:“First,we plan to build up a First,we plan to build up a botanical garden and botanical garden and letlet_ _studentsstudents_ _visitvisit_ _andand_ _useuse.”.”中的画线部分没有表中的画线部分没有表达出达出“供同学们参观、实践供同学们参观、实践”的意思。的意思。第句:第句:“Second,we plan to
16、build up a Second,we plan to build up a small garden for people to rest and study.”small garden for people to rest and study.”中中应删掉应删掉up,studyup,study后应该加上后应该加上inin。不过改为。不过改为“Second,Second,we plan to build a small garden in which we can we plan to build a small garden in which we can take a rest and
17、 do some reading.”take a rest and do some reading.”会好些。会好些。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 第句:第句:“At last,we plan to build up some At last,we plan to build up some statues of famous people to effect students and statues of famous people to effect students and teachers.”teachers.”中的中的effecteffect应该改为应该改为encourageen
18、courage。这篇文章的主语全部都是这篇文章的主语全部都是we,we,好处是可以最大限度地好处是可以最大限度地减少英语表达方面的错误,减少英语表达方面的错误,但是比较单调,但是比较单调,可能影可能影响高分。不过,响高分。不过,我们只要变换句式,我们只要变换句式,例如改为被动例如改为被动语态,语态,就可以改善效果。就可以改善效果。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 【参考范文参考范文】Dear PeterDear Peter,I would like to tell you that our school I would like to tell you that our school has
19、worked out a new program.The purposes of has worked out a new program.The purposes of the program are to make our school more the program are to make our school more beautiful,to make the air cleaner and beautiful,to make the air cleaner and fresher,and to turn our school into a better fresher,and t
20、o turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.According place for us to study and live in.According to the program,we will plant different kinds to the program,we will plant different kinds of trees,flowers and grass in and around our of trees,flowers and grass in and around our
21、school.A botanical garden will be built school.A botanical garden will be built 模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究for us to visit and practise in.Besides,we for us to visit and practise in.Besides,we are to build a small garden in which we can do are to build a small garden in which we can do some reading and take a
22、rest.Whats more,some reading and take a rest.Whats more,some statues of famous people will be set up some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder.to encourage us to work harder.Welcome to our school if you have any Welcome to our school if you have any chance.chance.Yo
23、urs Yours,Li Hua Li Hua 【注注】由于主语灵活变动,由于主语灵活变动,使文章读起来摆使文章读起来摆脱了呆板,脱了呆板,行文有了生气。行文有了生气。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 有时候我们发现有些句子不能够简单地直接翻译,有时候我们发现有些句子不能够简单地直接翻译,我们可以运用意义对等的原则,我们可以运用意义对等的原则,把原文的意义用另把原文的意义用另外一种英语结构表达出来,既意译法。外一种英语结构表达出来,既意译法。例例 广州珠江钢琴厂有产品打入欧洲市场,广州珠江钢琴厂有产品打入欧洲市场,并并且能够在欧洲设厂;在中国,且能够在欧洲设厂;在中国,只有广州珠江钢琴厂只有广
24、州珠江钢琴厂做到了。做到了。这个意思,这个意思,我们可以这样处理:我们可以这样处理:The Zhujiang The Zhujiang Piano Factory is the only manufacturer in Piano Factory is the only manufacturer in China with branches and business in Europe.China with branches and business in Europe.探究点二探究点二 意译的使用意译的使用模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 【评论点拨评论点拨】这个句子使用这个句子使用“wit
25、h branches and business with branches and business in Europe”in Europe”意译为意译为“有产品打入欧洲市场,有产品打入欧洲市场,并且能并且能够在欧洲设厂够在欧洲设厂”,使用使用“the only manufacturer the only manufacturer in China”in China”意译为意译为“在中国,在中国,只有广州珠江钢琴厂只有广州珠江钢琴厂做到了做到了”,句子使用句子使用“manufacturer”manufacturer”一词,一词,与前与前面的面的“factory”factory”对应,对应,表示
26、表示“生产厂家生产厂家”的意思。的意思。至于至于“广州珠江钢琴厂广州珠江钢琴厂”就好办了,就好办了,只需要翻译为只需要翻译为“The Zhujiang Piano Factory”The Zhujiang Piano Factory”。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 我们认真观察,我们认真观察,中文使用了中文使用了3 3个动词个动词“做到、打做到、打入、设厂入、设厂”,英文只有一个英文只有一个isis充当表语,充当表语,动词都变动词都变成了介词成了介词“inwithin”inwithin”,提示名词之间的关系;,提示名词之间的关系;中文使用定语中心词形式中文使用定语中心词形式“有产品打入欧洲
27、市场,有产品打入欧洲市场,并且能够在欧洲设厂并且能够在欧洲设厂(的企业的企业)”)”,但是英语使用的但是英语使用的是中心词后置定语形式是中心词后置定语形式“manufacturer in China manufacturer in China with branches and business in Europe”with branches and business in Europe”。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 以上例子告诉我们:逐字逐句死译只能是死路一以上例子告诉我们:逐字逐句死译只能是死路一条,条,意译必须从整体的宏观角度把握全局,意译必须从整体的宏观角度把握全局,从瞄准从瞄准
28、原文的写作目的出发,原文的写作目的出发,为实现原文的交际目的而努力。为实现原文的交际目的而努力。我们再来体会几个句子:我们再来体会几个句子:1 1老师的鼓励把我带进了充满挑战的科研道路。老师的鼓励把我带进了充满挑战的科研道路。My teachers encouragement led me down onto a My teachers encouragement led me down onto a path to scientific research full of challenges.path to scientific research full of challenges.(动词
29、词组动词词组leaddown ontotofull ofleaddown ontotofull of拖动句拖动句子,子,动词少,动词少,介词多介词多)模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究2 2我对英文很感兴趣,我对英文很感兴趣,老师表扬了我。老师表扬了我。The teacher praised me for my great The teacher praised me for my great interest in English.interest in English.(先结果后原因,先结果后原因,动词词组动词词组praiseforinpraiseforin拖拖动句子。试比较:动句子。试比较
30、:Because I was greatly Because I was greatly interested in English,the teacher praised me.interested in English,the teacher praised me.先原因后结果。哪一个句子表达更好?先原因后结果。哪一个句子表达更好?)模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 3 3树上结满了果子。树上结满了果子。The branches of the trees were heavy with The branches of the trees were heavy with fruit.frui
31、t.(典型的意译手法,典型的意译手法,先结果后原因,先结果后原因,动词词组动词词组were heavy with were heavy with 生动地描述了硕果累累的情景。生动地描述了硕果累累的情景。)模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 我们经常说这个句子地道,我们经常说这个句子地道,就是因为这个句子体就是因为这个句子体现了英语民族的思维方式在语言表达上的投射。现了英语民族的思维方式在语言表达上的投射。例例 比较以下句子:比较以下句子:1 1Clinton had wanted to collect heavy tax Clinton had wanted to collect heavy t
32、ax on the middle class.on the middle class.修改后:修改后:Heavy tax on the middle class was Heavy tax on the middle class was Clintons idea.Clintons idea.探究点三句子的质量探究点三句子的质量模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究2 2The people who listen to the radio have a The people who listen to the radio have a habit of getting up early,but th
33、ose who watch habit of getting up early,but those who watch TV usually go to bed late.TV usually go to bed late.修改后:修改后:Radio listeners are early birds,Radio listeners are early birds,but TV viewers are usually night owls.but TV viewers are usually night owls.3 3After the American farmers used the A
34、fter the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculture,they made industrial methods into agriculture,they made great progress in agriculture.great progress in agriculture.修改后:修改后:The use of industrial methods was The use of industrial methods was the reason for Americas great progres
35、s in the reason for Americas great progress in agriculture.agriculture.模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究【评论点拨评论点拨】第第1 1句运用句运用“先结果后原因先结果后原因”的逻辑表达方式,的逻辑表达方式,首首先呈现信息的焦点先呈现信息的焦点“向中产阶级征收重税向中产阶级征收重税”,然后才然后才说说“这是克林顿想干的事情这是克林顿想干的事情”。句子的。句子的waswas就是就是“曾经曾经”的意思。的意思。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 第第2 2句运用构词法与修辞手法。句运用构词法与修辞手法。the people who
36、the people who listen to the radiolisten to the radio被复合词被复合词radio listenersradio listeners所代替,所代替,those who watch TVthose who watch TV被复合词被复合词TV viewersTV viewers所代替,所代替,干干脆利落。脆利落。have a habit of getting up earlyhave a habit of getting up early读起来有读起来有点呆板,点呆板,使用修辞手法把早起的人比喻为使用修辞手法把早起的人比喻为early birds
37、,early birds,又把晚睡的人比喻为又把晚睡的人比喻为night owls,night owls,这样读起来就饶有趣这样读起来就饶有趣味。味。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 第第3 3句运用名词化的技术。所谓名词化,句运用名词化的技术。所谓名词化,就是把英就是把英文的动词改为名词,文的动词改为名词,通过介词来指示名词之间的关系。通过介词来指示名词之间的关系。the American farmers used the industrial methods the American farmers used the industrial methods into agriculturei
38、nto agriculture是一个句子,是一个句子,修改后变为名词短修改后变为名词短语语 the use of industrial methodsthe use of industrial methods。句子。句子they made they made great progress in agriculturegreat progress in agriculture变为名词短语变为名词短语Americas great progress in agricultureAmericas great progress in agriculture。前一个。前一个名词短语是原因,名词短语是原因,
39、后一个名词短语是结果,后一个名词短语是结果,中间用名中间用名词词reasonreason就说明了两个名词短语之间的关系。就说明了两个名词短语之间的关系。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 广东高考英语基础写作的特点之一是:信息要经广东高考英语基础写作的特点之一是:信息要经过处理才能够写成文章。处理的方式有两种:第一种过处理才能够写成文章。处理的方式有两种:第一种比较简单,比较简单,我们称为我们称为“非信息选择非信息选择”型,型,考生只需考生只需要把题目要求的全部信息表达出来就可以了。第二种要把题目要求的全部信息表达出来就可以了。第二种是是“超量信息超量信息”型,型,考生必须要进行考生必须要进行“
40、选择性写作选择性写作”,不需要也不能够把题目所有全部信息表达出来。这种不需要也不能够把题目所有全部信息表达出来。这种的难度较大。的难度较大。“超量信息超量信息”型基础写作的最大特征是型基础写作的最大特征是题目含有不需要的信息,题目含有不需要的信息,这种信息必须予以摒弃。如这种信息必须予以摒弃。如果含有这种不需要的信息,果含有这种不需要的信息,其结果是其结果是“该写的没写,该写的没写,不该写的写了不该写的写了”,分数就会很低。分数就会很低。探究点四探究点四“超量信息超量信息”型型 模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 例例 请根据以下你在研究性学习中搜集到的小请根据以下你在研究性学习中搜集到的小明学
41、习英文写作的方法和心得,明学习英文写作的方法和心得,挑选相关信息写一挑选相关信息写一篇文章作为演讲稿。篇文章作为演讲稿。写作内容写作内容 小明说,小明说,要背诵范文,要背诵范文,这样可以运用英语思维这样可以运用英语思维进行模仿性写作;要多阅读英文文章,进行模仿性写作;要多阅读英文文章,这样可以吸这样可以吸收语言材料;要听英文广播,收语言材料;要听英文广播,这样可以提高听力水这样可以提高听力水平;要学习语法,平;要学习语法,这样可以正确表达;要多写日记,这样可以正确表达;要多写日记,这样可以在练中学;要多练习口语,这样可以在练中学;要多练习口语,这样可以提高这样可以提高口头技能;要参考别人的作文
42、,口头技能;要参考别人的作文,这样可以取长补短。这样可以取长补短。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 写作要求写作要求 1 1必须紧扣题目必须紧扣题目怎样学习英文写作怎样学习英文写作。2 2必须使用必须使用5 5个规范的英语句子,个规范的英语句子,组织成连贯的组织成连贯的短文。短文。3 3开头、结尾已经写好,开头、结尾已经写好,不计入总句数。不计入总句数。评分标准评分标准 句子结构准确,句子结构准确,信息内容完整,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。篇章结构连贯。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究Ladies and gentlemen,Ladies and gentlemen,Now I would l
43、ike to tell you how I learn Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.English writing._ _ _ Thats all.Thank you.Thats all.Thank you.模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 【评论点拨评论点拨】信息的筛选信息的筛选 根据题目要求,根据题目要求,“怎样学习英文写作怎样学习英文写作”只涉及与只涉及与写作有关的材料,写作有关的材料,这是一个非常重要的要求,这是一个非常重要的要求,言下之言下之意就是说,意就是说,“听英文广播听英文广播”与与“练习口语
44、练习口语”不属于学不属于学习英文写作的方法。那么,习英文写作的方法。那么,有效的信息只有有效的信息只有5 5个,个,分分别是:背诵范文、多阅读英文文章、学习语法、多写日别是:背诵范文、多阅读英文文章、学习语法、多写日记和参考别人的作文,记和参考别人的作文,另外加上这些做法的目的。另外加上这些做法的目的。模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 【学生样本学生样本】Ladies and gentlemenLadies and gentlemen,Now I would like to tell you how I learn Now I would like to tel
45、l you how I learn English writing.English writing.Firstly,I will recite the Firstly,I will recite the model article so that I can imitate writing by model article so that I can imitate writing by English thoughts.English thoughts.Secondly,I will read more English article Secondly,I will read more En
46、glish article to absorb more language material.to absorb more language material.Thirdly,I will learn grammar to express Thirdly,I will learn grammar to express in the right way.in the right way.模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究 Whats more,in order to learn by doing,Whats more,in order to learn by doing,I will write
47、some diaries.I will write some diaries.In addition,I will refer to others In addition,I will refer to others article so that I can gain the advantages to article so that I can gain the advantages to mend my disadvantages.mend my disadvantages.Thats all.Thank you.Thats all.Thank you.模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究【
48、参考范文参考范文】Ladies and gentlemen,Ladies and gentlemen,Now I would like to tell you how I learn Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.English writing.I often recite good English articles,which I often recite good English articles,which helps me think in English when I imitate English
49、helps me think in English when I imitate English writing.I also read English articles widely to writing.I also read English articles widely to take in as many language materials as possible.take in as many language materials as possible.模块模块5 5 题型探究题型探究Besides,in order to express correctly,I Besides
50、,in order to express correctly,I think it important to learn some grammar.I think it important to learn some grammar.I keep a diary every day so that I can learn by keep a diary every day so that I can learn by writing.Also I often refer to others writing.Also I often refer to others articles to kno
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