(完整版)1断句译法课件.ppt

1、断句译法断句译法：断句译法：也叫也叫“分译分译”或或“拆译，指在翻译时把拆译，指在翻译时把原文的一个句子拆成两个或几个句子。原文的一个句子拆成两个或几个句子。英译汉时，先英译汉时，先理清句子结构理清句子结构，找出句子的主语、，找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语，然后找出谓语和宾语，然后找出修饰修饰主语和宾语的定语和定主语和宾语的定语和定语语从句从句，以及修饰谓语的状语和状语从句，再，以及修饰谓语的状语和状语从句，再按照按照汉语的语言习惯调整搭配，根据时间的先后、逻辑汉语的语言习惯调整搭配，根据时间的先后、逻辑顺序，顺序，恰如其分地断开长句进行翻译。恰如其分地断开长句进行翻译。汉译英时将汉语长句断为英语

2、的主、从分句，汉译英时将汉语长句断为英语的主、从分句，添加连接词，选用适当的英语语法形式，保译文清添加连接词，选用适当的英语语法形式，保译文清晰易读。晰易读。英译汉中的断句译法1、拆断并列句 通常由 and 或 but 等连接词连接，且前后两句有不同的主语或分别说明两种情况。这种并列句用断句译法翻译时，译文会更清晰、明快。It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries,but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into p

3、ractice is by no means an easy job.从书店和图书馆带些书回来是轻而易举的。然而，从书中学得知识，并把这些知识运用到实践中，就不是那么简单的事情了。2、拆断名词性从句、拆断名词性从句 此类名词性从句通常由此类名词性从句通常由 that 等连接词引导，最常等连接词引导，最常见于见于“It is/was that”的结构的结构 It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。以肯定的。The th

4、ought that she would be separated from husband for a long time saddened Mrs.Brown.一想到要跟丈夫分开很长时间，布朗夫人就很难过。一想到要跟丈夫分开很长时间，布朗夫人就很难过。3、拆断定语从句、拆断定语从句 此类定语从句通常由此类定语从句通常由 which、that 或或 when 等等关系代词或关系副词引导，在句中作定语，修饰一关系代词或关系副词引导，在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词（即：先行词）个名词或代词（即：先行词）Bright sunshine flooded the street/where a gro

5、up of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball.大街上阳光灿烂，大街上阳光灿烂，/一群穿着假日盛装的男孩正在一群穿着假日盛装的男孩正在街上玩球。街上玩球。Among primitive people,a person is seen as a dependent part of nature,a frail reed in a harsh world governed by natural laws that must be obeyed if he is to survive.在原始人看来，人是从属于大自然的，是大自然的一部分；他就像一棵纤弱的芦

6、苇，生长在这个由自然法则统治着的严酷的世界里。如果他想生存下去，就必须得服从这些法则。4、拆断状语从句、拆断状语从句 此类状语从句通常由此类状语从句通常由that、while、when、because、after等连词引导，按作用可以有时间、等连词引导，按作用可以有时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较状语从句较状语从句 Kunta was so worn out,slumped in his rocking chair,staring vacantly at the fire,/that he didnt even notice Be

7、ll feeling his forehead and taking off his shoes.昆塔累极了，他颓然倒在他的摇椅中，凝视着昆塔累极了，他颓然倒在他的摇椅中，凝视着火光发呆。火光发呆。/他甚至没有感到贝尔用手摸了摸他的他甚至没有感到贝尔用手摸了摸他的前额，并替他脱了鞋。前额，并替他脱了鞋。5、拆断原句的两个或多个分句，分别译成单句、拆断原句的两个或多个分句，分别译成单句 This trend began during the Second World War/when several governments came to the conclusion/that the spec

8、ific demands(that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment)cannot generally be foreseen in detail.是是when引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，是第一个是第一个that引导的引导的conclusion的同位语从句，是第二个的同位语从句，是第二个that引导的修饰引导的修饰demands的定语从句。这种从句里套从句的多层复杂结构长的定语从句。这种从句里套从句的多层复杂结构长句在英语中非常普遍，关键是要找出主干。该句分为两层意句在英语中非常普遍，关键是要找出主干。该句

9、分为两层意思：一是政府下结论，二是结论的内容。思：一是政府下结论，二是结论的内容。这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间。这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间。/当时一些国家的政当时一些国家的政府下了结论府下了结论/：(政府向科研机构提出的政府向科研机构提出的)具体要求通常是无法具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。详尽预见的。The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results/that he could not explain why the republicans had s

10、uffered such a widespread defeat/which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.句子由一个带有分词短语的主句，两个宾语从句和一句子由一个带有分词短语的主句，两个宾语从句和一个非限制性定语从句组成。全句共有三层意思：一是总统个非限制性定语从句组成。全句共有三层意思：一是总统发言，二是他无法解释共和党失败的原因，三是这种情况发言，二是他无法解释共和党失败的原因，三是这种情况会使共和党失去优势。这三层意思都具有相对的独立性，会使共和党失

11、去优势。这三层意思都具有相对的独立性，因此在译文中可拆开来分别叙述，成为三个单句。因此在译文中可拆开来分别叙述，成为三个单句。在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。统就此发了言。/他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了这他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了这么大的失败。么大的失败。/这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中的这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中的长期优势。长期优势。汉译英中的断句译法汉泽英中断句译法原则是：首先透彻理解原文，汉泽英中断句译法原则是：首先透彻理解原文，体会作者的思路，分析句子与句子之间以及每个体会作者的思路

12、，分析句子与句子之间以及每个句子内各部分之间的关系，弄清这种关系是平行句子内各部分之间的关系，弄清这种关系是平行关系还是主辅关系，然后根据英语的表达习惯重关系还是主辅关系，然后根据英语的表达习惯重新断句、拆句或并句。一句话必要时可断作几句新断句、拆句或并句。一句话必要时可断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。表达习惯。1、一句中包含两个或多个层次的意思、一句中包含两个或多个层次的意思(1)只有一个主语：通常在第一层意思处断只有一个主语：通常在第一层意思处断句，之后的另一个或几个层次另为一句，且第二句句，之后的另一个或几个层次另为一

13、句，且第二句的主语用代词即可的主语用代词即可 一般说来，典型的金属能导热导电，一般说来，典型的金属能导热导电，/表面有表面有光泽，具有延展性和可锻性。光泽，具有延展性和可锻性。General speaking,the typical metal conducts electricity and heat./It shows lustrous surface,usually with white,or so-called metallic luster.It is ductile and malleable.(2)不同短句中出现不同主语（主语转换）：不同不同短句中出现不同主语（主语转换）：不同主

14、语的短句可另立一句。主语的短句可另立一句。耳朵是用来听声音的器官，耳朵是用来听声音的器官，/鼻子用来嗅气味，鼻子用来嗅气味，/舌头用来尝滋味。舌头用来尝滋味。The ear is the organ which is used for hearing./The nose is used for smelling./The tongue is used for tasting.她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。里有位船夫睡得正香。Looking through the window，she suddenly spotted a

15、 boat moored to the bankIn it there was a boatman fast asleep(3)定义句：定义的主干部分成一句，其他补充或定义句：定义的主干部分成一句，其他补充或说明部分另立一句；补充或说明部分含并列或多重说明部分另立一句；补充或说明部分含并列或多重意思的可进一步拆分。意思的可进一步拆分。雅思考试是一项综合英语考试：它有听、说、读、雅思考试是一项综合英语考试：它有听、说、读、写四个独立的部分组成。写四个独立的部分组成。IELTS is a comprehensive Englis test.It consists of four independe

16、nt sections:listening,speaking,reading and writing.2、采用、采用“先总说、后分述先总说、后分述”或或“先分述、后总说先分述、后总说”结构或因果关系的长句，英译时一般：总说为一句、结构或因果关系的长句，英译时一般：总说为一句、分述为一句，或原因为一句、结果为一句分述为一句，或原因为一句、结果为一句。总之，微波只能以直线方式传播，总之，微波只能以直线方式传播，/没有一系列没有一系列的转播塔，它们就不能越过漫长的距离，把消息传的转播塔，它们就不能越过漫长的距离，把消息传递到遥远的地方。递到遥远的地方。In short,microwaves can

17、only travel in straight line./Without a series of rely towers,it is impossible for them to send messages over long distances to remote places.另一种态度，学习的时候用脑筋想一下，学那些另一种态度，学习的时候用脑筋想一下，学那些和我国情况相适合的东西，即吸收对我们有益的和我国情况相适合的东西，即吸收对我们有益的经验，我们需要的是这样一种态度。经验，我们需要的是这样一种态度。译文译文A:The other attitude is to use our hea

18、ds and learn those things which suit our conditions，that is，to absorb whatever experience is useful to us.That is the attitude we should adopt译文译文B:The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions，that is，to absorb whatever experience is useful to us,which is t

19、he attitude we should adopt在这个世界上仍然有少数利益集团，总想通在这个世界上仍然有少数利益集团，总想通过在这样那样的地方制造紧张态势来谋利，这过在这样那样的地方制造紧张态势来谋利，这是违背大多数人民的意志和时代潮流的。是违背大多数人民的意志和时代潮流的。译文译文:There are still in this world a few interest groups which always want to seek gains by creating tensions here and there.This is against the will of the ma

20、jority of the people and against the trend of the times1.The cold weather kept everyone indoors.寒冷的天气使每个人都留在屋里。天气很冷，大家都只好呆在屋里。2.The scarcity of good actors in this city is astounding.这个城市好演员的缺乏性是令人吃惊的。令人吃惊的是，这个城市缺乏优秀演员。3.His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down for a rest.他的疲

21、惫和不断增加的热气使他决定坐下来休息。他疲惫不堪，天气又越来越热。他只好坐下来休息一会。Practice 4.His appointment to the position is still under determination.4.His appointment to the position is still under determination.对于他的那个职位的任命还在决定之下。是否任命他担任那个职位，还有待进一步的决定。5.His failure to observe the traffic regulations resulted in a serious accident.5

22、.His failure to observe the traffic regulations resulted in a serious accident.他在遵守交通规则上的失败导致了一起严重的交通事故。他不遵守交通规则，导致了一起严重的交通事故。6.Only 21%of those surveyed now believe that the U.S.runs a risk of a major depression,down from 38%in May.6.Only 21%of those surveyed now believe that the U.S.runs a risk of

23、 a major depression,down from 38%in May.在五月份的调查中，38%的人认为美国面临一场大萧条的危险，而这个数字现在已经下降到了21%。7.That evening the scheduled programs were cancelled one by one without any explanation.7.That evening the scheduled programs were cancelled one by one without any explanation.那天晚上，在没有任何解释的情况下，原定的节目一个接一个都被取消了。8.A n

24、otion has taken hold in the United States that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.8.A notion has taken hold in the United States that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can affor

25、d them.只有那些抚养得起子女的人才应该鼓励他们生育，这种观念在美国根深蒂固。9.I never worked out this puzzle until the later years of the war,when I began to read Collingwood/a man who I consider,whatever the critics may say about him,is one of the most brilliant writers of our age.9.I never worked out this puzzle until the later yea

26、rs of the war,when I began to read Collingwood/a man who I consider,whatever the critics may say about him,is one of the most brilliant writers of our age.直到战后的那几年，我开始读科林伍德的作品后，才解开了这个难题。/我认为，无论批评家对他的评价如何，他都是我们这个时代最有才气的作家之一。10.When I graduated from the university,I saw advertised in a local newspaper

27、 a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.10.When I graduated from the university,I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.我大学毕业的时候，在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦郊区的一所学校要招聘一名

28、教师。11.Tardiness in rising is punished by haste in eating breakfast or in running to catch the bus and may even mean the loss of a job or of advancement in business in the long run.11.Tardiness in rising is punished by haste in eating breakfast or in running to catch the bus and may even mean the los

29、s of a job or of advancement in business in the long run.爱赖床的人得到的惩罚就是他们得赶着吃早餐，跑着去赶公车。而且从长远来看，还可能意味着失去工作或升职的机会。12.In August 1946,on my fifth trip through China,bound for my Moscow home but not in haste,since my husband had died in the war,I went to Yanan.12.In August 1946,on my fifth trip through China,bound for my Moscow home but not in haste,since my husband had died in the war,I went to Yanan.1946年8月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国。由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了，所以我当时并不急着回家，于是就去了延安。