种修辞手法的解释和例句（my）.doc

1、种修辞法的解释和例句（ my ）级英语中常见种修辞法的解释和例句1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对.这种共性存在于们的,不是事物的然属性.标志词常 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such a s等.例如:1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked

2、 out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某事物的名称于另事物,通过较形成.例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.cavern of a room/ a caverous roomthe room is like a cavern,e.g. a fairyland of dancing flash

3、esIn the maze of vaulted streetsa mountain of wavesa storm of applauseA little shrimp of a fellowA hello Kitty of a girlThread ones way3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻Tin Pan Alley _the center of pop musicLet the heart to rule the head借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,使另个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1.The kettle boils. 开了.2.The room sat sil

4、ent.全屋安静地坐着.II.以资料.具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please.请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有,他们就我的赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻部分代替全体,或全体代替部分,或特殊代替般.例如:1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的约有100名.2.He is th

5、e Newton of this century.(特殊代般)他是本世纪的顿.3.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐围脖与你的帽很相配.1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外街上，是的海洋。（以体的局部代全体，即以faces 表people）2. Have you any coppers? 你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币）cf. Antonomasia 换称 His majesty; His Excellence ; his Honorthe Boss ; H

6、e is the Juda. (overlapping with synecdoche )5.Personification 拟拟是把命赋予命的事物.a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility, 3 kinds ofpersonification:1)the use of adjectiveThe thirsty groundNote . may overlapping with transferred epithet2)the

7、use of verbsThe wave danced.3)the use of nounsthe smile of springe.g.The Middle Easter bazaar takes you dancing flashesThe beam sinkstaut and protesting1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟化）2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟化）6.Hyperbole 夸张 ex

8、aggeration夸张是以过其实的说法表达强调的的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.Hyperbole: a device of comparison using exaggeration or obvious overstatement for comic or dramatic effect.takes you .hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivableinnumerable lampsincredibly youngwith the dust of centuries:例如:1.I beg a thousand pardons.2

9、I Love you. You are th e whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.7.Parallelism 排, 平这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构体相同或相似,意思相关,语致的短语.句排列成串,形成个整体.1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no on

10、e can be perfectly happytill all are happy.I see,.I see.for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protectorWe shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the airparallelism 常repetition与合为，交织运，以增强修辞效果。以该句为例，We shall f

11、ight him属于反复，by land, bysea和in the air.互为平结构。Any man or state who fights on against Nizidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.Let us learn our lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with unitedstrength while lif

12、e and power remain.8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指委婉,雅的法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:1.He is out visiting the necessary.他出去便下.2.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.他与妻关系不融洽.3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）9.Irony 反语反语指相反意义的词来表达意思的作式.如在指责过失.错误时,赞同过失的说法,在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如:1.It would be a fine thing indeed

13、 not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. the waiter said to the beggar.10.Pun 双关 a paly on words based on similarity of sound and sharp difference in meaning.双关就是个词在句中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从达到意想不到的幽

14、默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐的式出现.1.Seven days without water make one weak.2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3.If we dont hang together, we shall hang separately.4 Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.11.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到

15、答复为的,是以疑问为段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表强烈否定,否定问句表强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不喻的.Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking andlively way.e.g .but can you doubt what our policy will be例如:1.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the wood

16、s and see nothing worth of note?2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?12.Antithesis 对照,对,对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在起对的种修辞法.An antithesis is an exact opposite.In rhetoric, an antithesis is two sharply contrasting ideas balanced across a sentence or (neighboring sentences).A use of words or phrase

17、s that contrast with each other to create a balanced effect.Antithesis is often combined with balanced structures.Balanced structure: a sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure:a paired construction.a balanced sentence that makes a contras

18、t is called antithesis.例如:1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Rome more.2.You are staying; I am going.3.Give me liberty, or give me death.Man proposes, God disposes.Many are called, but few are chosen.It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was t

19、he age of foolishness.My only love sprung from my only hate.13.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻这也是种盾修辞法,两种不相调和的特征形容个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.例如:1.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，暗却清晰可见2.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.Living death/freezing fires/glorious defeat14.Climax 渐进法,层进法这种修辞是将系列词语按照意念的.轻

20、重.深浅.低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.例如:1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.2.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.15.Anticlimax 渐降法与climax相反的种修辞法,将系列词语由到,由强到弱地排列.例如:1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair

21、 of boots.2.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.16. RepetitionWe have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us-nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate.This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastly to t

22、he end19.Onomatopoeia (also spelled onomatop?ia, from Greek:)also called imitative harmony, is a word or a grouping of wordsthat imitates the sound it is describing, such as animal noiseslike“hiss “buzz” or meow, or suggesting its source.creak sigh groan squeak rumblegrunt tinkling banging clashing1

23、7. Alliteration1) “I see also the dull, drilled, docile”2):with its clanking, heel-clicking.3) “his hearth and home”18. Transferred epithetTransferred Epithet(移就)1.DefinitionTransferred epithet is a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from a noun itsh

24、ould rightly modify to another to which itdoes not really belong.2.The classification of transferred epithetA knife used by a murderous villain- A murderous knifeThose days when I felt purposeless-those purposeless daysThe big man crashed down on a protesting chair.The sailors swarmed into a laughin

25、g and cheering ring around the two man.们蜂拥，汇成欢笑与欢呼的圈，把那两围在中间。Cf. The sailors，laughing and cheering ，surrounded the two man in a ring.The white silencethe boundless fields covered with snow was silentHis stories achieved nothing but cheap laughs.Letting that goal in was an expensive mistake. It cost

26、us the championship.He is not an easy writer.3.The characteristics of Transferred Epithet1 It relies on the deep structure of the sentence. It is illogical and unreasonable insurface structure but reasonable and just in deep structure.e.g. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrong doing.2 T

27、here is a close relationship between the transferred epithet and the modified word.Eg. The big man crashed down on a protesting chair.3Transferred epithet is suitable for the new context.Eg. After several acid years. She broke up with the man.The logic relations between the transferred epithet and m

28、odified words.（1）Causal relation(因果)Puzzled frown 因困惑皱眉Delighted smile 因兴微笑Terrified despair 由于恐惧感到绝望Thoughtful silence 因沉思沉默Ignorant nonsense 由于知胡说（2）Coordinate or parallel relation(平或并列关系)She sat there with embarrassed delight.她坐在那，即尴尬兴。We listened with smiling attention.我们边笑边注意地听着。（3）disjunctive

29、relation（纯修饰关系）Laughing eyes 笑眼Sleepy corner 沉静的落A passionate throat 热情的歌喉4. ExerciseIdentify the figures of speech:1 he was handicapped by his age (metaphor)2 The patient lay all night on his sleepless pillow. (Transferred epithet)3 Religion is thus treated like Lear.(simile)4 His witty remarks kept the table highly amused.( metonymy)5 We received another smiling year. Transferred epithet6 The thirsty soil drank in the rain.personification7 He closed his busy life at the age of 80. Transferred epithet