高中高考英语：分裂结构的翻译.doc

1、分裂结构的翻译在一些较为复杂的英语句子中，特别是在一些长句中，经常有插入成分将句子的主谓宾关系隔开，或者出现割裂修饰（分割定语）的现象，造成理解和翻译上的困难。进行英译汉时，应按照汉语习惯调整语序，将原意译出。例如：We contend, however, that this shift from products to service, if it is to be fully leveraged as a driving force, requires a parallel transformation in the way organizations are conceptualized

2、, structured and, most important, managed. 在这句话中，一共有三个分裂结构：1）主句中的however将动词contend与that引导的宾语从句分离；2）在宾语从句中，if条件句将从句的主语shift与其谓语部分requires分离；3）插入成分“most important”将并列结构conceptualized，structured and managed分离。经过辨认和分析这些分离结构后，就可以得出以下译文：然而，我们坚决主张，这种从产品到服务的转变，如果它作为驱力可以发挥杠杆作用，那么就需要在各种机构的概念、结构，更重要的是，在管理方面有相应

3、的转变。分裂结构有以下几种常见的模式：1)主谓（或部分谓语）分离。例如：The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. 有关宇宙的广阔无垠和其组成复杂性的证据继续以惊人的速度增长。（句中主语The evidence与谓语continues分离。） Rows of houses, each of them different and pleasing with their spacious gar

4、dens, are replaced by purely functional blocks of flats. 一排排房屋，其中每幢各不相同，而且由于有宽敞的花园而令人喜爱，都被单纯从使用观点设计的大楼所代替了。（句中的主语Rows of houses与谓语are replaced分离。） Later generations have been, in one sense, generous to Halley, for his name is forever associated with comets. 后人在某种意义上对哈雷是慷慨的，因为他的名字总是和彗星联系在一起。（句中的复合谓语中

5、的系动词have been与表语generous分离。） 2）动宾结构分离。例如：It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows.科学家的职责就是积累有关宇宙及宇宙中一切事物的知识，而且，如果可能，找出既是他所知事实的基础，又能解释他所了解的这些事

6、实的共同因素。（句中的find与common factors分离。） Some people consider impossible what is really possible.有些人把实际上可能做到的事看成是不可能。（句中的宾语补足语impossible将动词consider与what引导的宾语从句分离。） 3)定语（从句）与先行词分离。例如：Little was known at that time about the nature and behavior of electricity.当时对电的本质和特性还了解很少。（句中Little与定语 about the nature分离。）

7、 Arrangements have been made to install safety devices on all machines.在所有机器上安装安全装置的工作已经安排就绪。（句中 Arrangements与定语to install分离。） Many sketches are in existence of peasants being seated by the roadside and women at work in the fields.至今保存着许多速写，画的是坐在路旁的农民和在田野劳动的妇女。（句中sketches与定语of peasants分离。） 4）同位语（从句）

8、与先行词分离。例如：Gradually conviction grew that the earth is round.人们逐渐相信地球是圆的。（句中conviction与that引导的同位语从句分离。） He got a message from Mr. Johnson that the manager could not see him at that afternoon.他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面了。(句中的a message与that引导的同位语从句分离。)An idea came to her that she might do the experiment

9、 in another way.她突然想起可以用另一种方法做这个实验。(句中的An idea与that引导的同位语从句分离。)5）固定搭配的分离。例如：Perhaps we should not only sprinkle the pupil, but plunge him right down into the sea of language and enable him to swim by himself as soon as possible.我们或许不应该只给学生下毛毛雨，而应该把他抛到语言的海洋中去，使他们尽可能快地自己学会游泳。（词组plunge与into分离。） Childre

10、n neglected by their parents turned in some instance to drugs and crimes.得不到父母关心和照顾的孩子，在某些情况下，便走上吸毒和犯罪的道路。（句中的词组turn to被隔开。） In some forms of reading method, particular use is made of likeness between the students mother tongue and the foreign language he is learning.某些阅读方法特别强调利用学生的本族语和所学外语之间的相似之处。（句中词组make use of变为被动语态后出现割裂修饰。）3