英语专业四级词汇辨析 课件.ppt

1、专四易混淆词汇辨析 专四的易混淆词汇有两种：专四的易混淆词汇有两种：形近词形近词 近义词近义词deceive,perceive,receive,receipt He _his friends about his income.She has _ the danger.Our TV _well since we had a new antenna put on.I asked for a _.deceive,perceive,receive,receiptn Deceive:欺骗，蒙骗 He deceived his friends about his income.他在自己的收入问题上欺骗了朋

2、友。n Perceive：感觉，察觉，领悟She has perceived the danger.她已觉察到那危险了。n Receive：收到，接待Our TV receives well since we had a new antenna put on.自从安装了新天线以来,我们的电视接收良好。n Receipt：收据，发票I asked for a receipt.我要一张发票。consult,result,insult He _ the workers to understand the technical process.The _was quite opposite to wha

3、t we had expected.He turned crimson under the _.consult,result,insultn Consult：咨询，商议：咨询，商议He consulted the workers to understand the technical process.他询问工人他询问工人,想了解技术上的程序。想了解技术上的程序。n Result：结果，效果：结果，效果The result was quite opposite to what we had expected.结果和我们所期望的完全相反。结果和我们所期望的完全相反。n Insult：侮辱：侮辱,冒

4、犯冒犯He turned crimson under the insults.他的脸因受到侮辱而涨得通红。他的脸因受到侮辱而涨得通红。Deduce,reduce,reproduceOn the basis of evidence we _ that he was guilty.He wont _ the rent of our house.Rabbits _quickly.Deduce,reduce,reproducen Deduce:推论推论,演绎演绎On the basis of evidence we deduced that he was guilty.根据这些证据我们推断他是有罪的。

5、根据这些证据我们推断他是有罪的。n Reduce：减少：减少;降低降低He wont reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减少我们住房的租金。他不肯减少我们住房的租金。n Reproduce：复制，繁殖：复制，繁殖Rabbits reproduce quickly.兔子繁殖速度很快。兔子繁殖速度很快。compose,dispose,proposeThese twelve men are believed to _ the jury.He _ his books on the shelves.They _ to make arrangement pose,dispos

6、e,proposen Compose：组成：组成,构成构成,创作创作These twelve men are believed to compose the jury.据信据信,陪审团是由这陪审团是由这12人组成的。人组成的。n Dispose处理处理;布置布置He disposed his books on the shelves.把书籍排列在书架上。把书籍排列在书架上。n Propose：提议，求婚：提议，求婚They proposed to make arrangement beforehand.他们提议事先做好安排。他们提议事先做好安排。radius,radium,radiateHe

7、has visited every shop within a _ of two miles._can be used to treat cancer.The sun _ light and heat.radius,radium,radiaten Radius:半径半径He has visited every shop within a radius of two miles.周围两英里以内的店铺他都去过。周围两英里以内的店铺他都去过。n Radium：化镭：化镭Radium can be used to treat cancer.镭可以用来治疗癌症。镭可以用来治疗癌症。n Radiate：发

8、射出：发射出(光、热等光、热等)，向四周伸出，向四周伸出The sun radiates light and heat.太阳散发光和热。太阳散发光和热。assist,consist,resist,insist,persistHe _ in designing the new bridge.A university _ of teachers,ministrators and students.Lack of proper nourishment _ their power to resist disease.I will have another glass if you _.On the t

9、ops of very high mountains snow _ throughout the year.assist,consist,resist,insist,persistn Assist:援助援助He assisted in designing the new bridge.他协助设计那条新桥。他协助设计那条新桥。n consist：组成，构成：组成，构成A university consists of teachers,administrators and students.大学由教师大学由教师,行政行政人员和学生组成。人员和学生组成。n Resist：抵制，对抗：抵制，对抗Lac

10、k of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.营养不良降低营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。了他们抵抗疾病的能力。n Insist：坚持要求，坚持认为坚持要求，坚持认为I will have another glass if you insist.你这样坚持我就再喝一杯。你这样坚持我就再喝一杯。n Persist：坚持，存留：坚持，存留On the tops of very high mountains snow persists throughout the year.高山顶上高山顶上,积雪终年不化。积雪终年不化。

11、Statue,statusn Statue:雕像Statue of Liberty 自由女神n Status：地位、身份；情形、状况Age has status in the villages.在乡村里年长者受人尊敬。We all are interested in the status of world affairs.我们都关心世界形势。Affect,defect,effect,infectn Affect:影响影响The tax increases have affected us all.加税已经影响了我们所有的人。加税已经影响了我们所有的人。n Defect:缺点、瑕疵缺点、瑕疵We

12、 must correct our defects as soon as possible.我们必须尽快纠正我们的缺点。我们必须尽快纠正我们的缺点。n Effect：效果、影响：效果、影响When does the new law come into effect?新法律何时生效？新法律何时生效？n Infect：感染、影响：感染、影响Marys high spirits infected all the girls in the class.玛丽的玛丽的兴致感染了全班的女孩。兴致感染了全班的女孩。Conserve,deserve,observe,preserven Conserve:保护保护

13、,保藏保藏,保存保存Conserve your energy,youll need it!保存你的精力保存你的精力,你会用得着的！你会用得着的！n Deserve:应受，值得应受，值得What crime have they committed to deserve such cruelty?他们犯了什么错，竟遭如此惩罚？他们犯了什么错，竟遭如此惩罚？n Observe：观察，研究；遵循：观察，研究；遵循He observes carefully but says little.他总是仔细观察他总是仔细观察,很少说很少说话。话。n Preserve：保护；维持：保护；维持We must pre

14、serve our natural resources.我们必须保护自然我们必须保护自然资源。资源。transport,transform,transactionA bus _ us from the airport to the city.The sofa can _ for use as a bed.Buying a house is an important _ for most people.transport,transform,transactionn Transport：运输，运送：运输，运送A bus transported us from the airport to the

15、 city.一辆一辆公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。公共汽车把我们从飞机场送到城里。n Transform：改变，变形：改变，变形The sofa can transform for use as a bed.这个沙发可这个沙发可改作床用。改作床用。n Transaction：交易；办理：交易；办理Buying a house is an important transaction for most people.买房子对大多数人来讲都是件重要的事。买房子对大多数人来讲都是件重要的事。nExplore:探索，勘探索，勘察察We must explore all the possibilitie

16、s.我们必须探我们必须探讨所有的可能性。讨所有的可能性。nExploit：剥削，开：剥削，开发，利用发，利用We shall exploit our rich resource to expand the economy.我们应该利用我们丰富的我们应该利用我们丰富的资源发展经济。资源发展经济。nComprehensive：综合的，全面的综合的，全面的We have a rather comprehensive subway system here.我们这儿有相当广泛的地铁系统。我们这儿有相当广泛的地铁系统。nComprehension：理解（力）理解（力）Its quite past my c

17、omprehension.这件事已远超出我的理解力了。这件事已远超出我的理解力了。spontaneous,simultaneousTo be thoroughly enjoyed,reading must be entirely _.We need a _ interpreter.spontaneous,simultaneousn Spontaneous:自发的，无意识的To be thoroughly enjoyed,reading must be entirely spontaneous.一个人读书必须出其自然，才能够彻底享受读书的乐趣。n Simultaneous：同时发生的We nee

18、d a simultaneous interpreter.我们需要一个同声翻译。Record,accord,cordialSome _ of ancient civilization were discovered recently.Your views are not in _ with mine.They came to an _ that profits should be shared equally.The banquet was full of _ and friendly atmosphere.Record,accord,cordialn Record:记录记录Some reco

19、rds of ancient civilization were discovered recently.最近发现了一些古代文明的记录。最近发现了一些古代文明的记录。n Accord:n.一致，符合一致，符合Your views are not in accord with mine.你的观点与我你的观点与我的不一致。的不一致。They came to an accord that profits should be shared equally.他们达成协议他们达成协议,收益由大家均分。收益由大家均分。n Cordial：热诚的，友好的：热诚的，友好的The banquet was full

20、 of cordial and friendly atmosphere.宴会始终充满亲切友好的气氛宴会始终充满亲切友好的气氛scare,sacred,scarcenscare：v.恐吓；恐吓；adj.吓人的吓人的Well scare her out of telling the police.我们我们要把她吓得不敢报警。要把她吓得不敢报警。nsacred 神圣的，不可神圣的，不可 冒犯的冒犯的 In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes.非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。nscarce 缺乏的缺乏的

21、The food was scarce during the war.战争期间战争期间食物短缺。食物短缺。n reject 拒绝拒绝n inject 注射注射n reflect 反射，反映反射，反映 n eject 逐出，弹出逐出，弹出The patron of the bar was ejected for creating a disturbance.酒吧客人因制造骚乱而被驱离。酒吧客人因制造骚乱而被驱离。n inflect 弯曲弯曲,转向转向By inflect the voice more one can hold the attention of an audience.讲话声音有些

22、抑扬变化可以吸引住听众的注意力。讲话声音有些抑扬变化可以吸引住听众的注意力。Instinct,distinct,extinctn instinct 本能 The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。n distinct 清楚的，截然不同的The party split into two distinct groups.该党分裂成两个截然不同的团体。n extinct 灭绝的，消逝的Nothing could rekindle her extinct passion.

23、她激情已逝,无从心回意转。adapt,adopt,adeptn adapt是动词，其意为是动词，其意为“改编，改变改编，改变以适应以适应”。All life is about changeyou either adapt or die.生命在于变化生命在于变化要么适应要么死亡。要么适应要么死亡。n adopt也是动词，其意为也是动词，其意为“收养，采纳，采用收养，采纳，采用”。The resolution was adopted by an overwhelming majority.决议以压倒多数通过。决议以压倒多数通过。n adept是形容词，其意为是形容词，其意为“擅长的，有技巧的擅长的

24、，有技巧的”。Unfortunately,I am more adept at spending money than making it.不幸的是，我花钱的本事不幸的是，我花钱的本事远远大于我挣钱的本事远远大于我挣钱的本事 altitude,aptitude,attitude,latituden altitude 高度高度,海拔海拔(an altitude of 20,000 meters above sea level海海拔拔20,000米）米）n aptitude 才能才能,智力智力,倾向倾向,习性习性 n attitude 态度态度,看法看法 n latitude 纬度纬度(longi

25、tude经度经度)Valid,vain,vacant,vaguen valid 有效的，有充分根据的。有效的，有充分根据的。The contract is valid for six months.n vain 无益的，徒然的，自负的。无益的，徒然的，自负的。She made a vain attempt to persuade him to come back.n vacant 空的，未被占用的，空虚的。空的，未被占用的，空虚的。He applied for a vacant position.n vague 不清楚的，含糊的，茫然的。不清楚的，含糊的，茫然的。I havent the va

26、guest idea of what they want.专四的易混淆词汇有两种：专四的易混淆词汇有两种：形近词形近词 近义词近义词声称，断定n assert“宣称，坚持宣称，坚持”，指不管事实如何，指不管事实如何，主观主观自自信地宣称信地宣称 n claim“声称，主张声称，主张”，往往表示说话者，往往表示说话者反对反对或不或不同意某一观点，或指根据某种规定提出的要求或同意某一观点，或指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张主张 n allege“宣称，断定宣称，断定”，指在，指在无真实凭据无真实凭据情况下宣情况下宣称称 n affirm“断言，肯定断言，肯定”，指，指根据事实根据事实坚信不移地宣坚信

27、不移地宣称，而且称，而且有可靠证据有可靠证据，任何时候都不动摇，任何时候都不动摇成就achievement 指需要勇气和努力才能完成的异常危险和困难的事，其结指需要勇气和努力才能完成的异常危险和困难的事，其结果令人佩服；果令人佩服；accomplishment 指需要学问或付出一定劳动后才能且指需要学问或付出一定劳动后才能且已经完成已经完成的或做的或做好了的事；好了的事；feat“功绩，技艺，壮举功绩，技艺，壮举”，指需要极大的勇气、智慧和力量或技术获得，指需要极大的勇气、智慧和力量或技术获得的成就，这一成就受人瞩目和佩服；的成就，这一成就受人瞩目和佩服；抛弃，放弃n abandon 指完全、

28、永远地放弃，尤其指对其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一指完全、永远地放弃，尤其指对其负有责任或义务者，或者放弃一个项目或计划。个项目或计划。n desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等 n forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物，着重于断绝情感上的依恋指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物，着重于断绝情感上的依恋 n quit 强调突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指强调突然或出其不意的放弃，一般指“停止停止”n give up 多用于口头，表示停止做某多用于口头，表示停止做某.n At fourteen he run away,_1_ his home and frie

29、nd.n He _2_ his wife and went away with all their money.n The fort had been hurriedly _3_.n You must _4_ smoking,or you wont survive.n One friend of mine has decided to _5_ his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently.n1.forsake n2.abandoned n3.desert n4.give upn 5.quit废除，取消n aboli

30、sh 指完全消除某项指完全消除某项旧制度、法律或旧风俗旧制度、法律或旧风俗等等 n cancel 指某人指某人因某种意想不到的原因因某种意想不到的原因而临时取消事前所决定的事而临时取消事前所决定的事 n eliminate 指淘汰或取消指淘汰或取消不需要的东西不需要的东西n The flight to Tokyo is _1_ because of the storm.n We must _2_ unnecessary expense.n President Lincoln worked to _3_ slavery.n1.cancelled n2.eliminate n3.abolish准确

31、，精确n exact 确切的确切的，精确的，指数量或质量完全符合事实、真理或标准，精确的，指数量或质量完全符合事实、真理或标准，没有丝毫差错没有丝毫差错 n correct 正确的正确的，指合乎一定的标准或规矩，没有错误，指合乎一定的标准或规矩，没有错误 n precise 精密的精密的，指具有高度的精确性和准确性，指具有高度的精确性和准确性 n accurate 准确的准确的，精确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入。无出入。n _1_ dress for some ceremonies is necessary for those who

32、always attend them.n Is your watch _2_?I suppose its 10 minutes slow.n Keep this _3_ instrument away from insolation（暴晒）and aquosity（潮湿）.n I cant tell you the _4_ date,but it should be around Oct.20 n1.correct n2.accurate n3.precise n4.exact 谁会做这道题？n Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week.nA.dis

33、missednB.dischargednC.expellednD.resigned n dismiss-end the employment or service of;allow to leave:be dismissed from school service/classn discharge-release,as from confinement,care,or duty:discharge a patient;discharge a soldier;be discharged from hospital military service/from prison/officen expe

34、l-force to leave;deprive of membership:be expelled from a country schooln resign-give up(a position,for example),especially by formal notification:resign from cabinet committeerange,reach,scope,compass,scalen 这是一组表示这是一组表示“范围范围”的名词，其侧重点各有不同。的名词，其侧重点各有不同。n range代表的是一个代表的是一个可以测量的范围可以测量的范围，在这个范围内包，在这个范围

35、内包括一系列可变化的数量。括一系列可变化的数量。range还特指还特指视力、听力所能视力、听力所能达到的距离和枪炮的射程达到的距离和枪炮的射程。n reach特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离，其比喻特指伸手可达到的距离或非常近的距离，其比喻含义指含义指能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围能力、权力、影响等可达到的范围。n scope指人们所处理、研究的事物的指人们所处理、研究的事物的“范围范围”以及所掌握、以及所掌握、控制的控制的“面积面积”。scope的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的比喻含义指的是所掌握的知识的宽度，即的宽度，即“眼界，见识眼界，见识”。n compass在意义上与在意义上与sco

36、pe相同，是正式用语，表示相同，是正式用语，表示活动、兴趣、能力的活动、兴趣、能力的“界限，范围界限，范围”。n scale特指特指刻度、标度的范围刻度、标度的范围，也指品级、级别的规模，也指品级、级别的规模和大小的范围：和大小的范围：n The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鸟飞入了我那只小鸟飞入了我的的视野视野。n Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把药放到孩子们够把药放到孩子们够不到的地方不到的地方!n Is Romanticism in the scope of you

37、r book?你的书涉及到浪漫主你的书涉及到浪漫主义吗义吗?n Construction is not within the compass of the department.工程工程建设不属这个部门管辖。建设不属这个部门管辖。n This thermometer has two scales marked on it,one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade.温度计上有两种刻度，一温度计上有两种刻度，一种是华氏，另一种是摄氏。种是华氏，另一种是摄氏。edge,border,rim,vergen 这组词皆有“边，边缘”之意。n edge通常指

38、某物一边的边线、两个平面的交界线以及各种界线，其引申含义表示两个处于不同性质或状态之间的明显界线，特指处在不利状态下的边缘。n border意为“边界，边境，国境”，也可以指装饰周边的“边”。n rim意思是“边，边缘”，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。n verge特指道路、花坛等长着草的“边缘”。n This is the north edge of the field.这是这块地的北边线。n The plane flew across the border.飞机飞越了边境。n He wears a pair of spectacles with gold rims.他戴一副金丝边眼镜。n

39、 She was on the verge of speaking out the secret.她差点儿把秘密说出来。恼怒n annoy 指由于被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed at/by sth.be annoyed with sb.对某人/某事很生气)n furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb.be furious at/about sth对某人/某事大发雷霆)n indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平 n irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒.n provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(prov

40、oke sb.to do/into doing.刺激某人做某事)admit,allow,permit,approve的用法区别n 1.admit的意思是“同意进入，允许进入”（经常与to连用）。Latecomers will not be admitted until the interval.迟到者在休息时间方可入场 n 2.allow泛指“一般性同意，允许”。Passengers are not allowed to smoke.乘客不得吸烟。n 3.permit 常用来表示“上下级之间的允许，批准”。The prisoners were permitted two hours exerc

41、ise a day.允许犯人每天有两小时户外活动。n 4.approve的主要意思是“批准（条文，协议等），赞同”（常与of连用）。I approve of your trying to earn some money,but please dont neglect your studies.我同意你去挣一些钱，可是请不要误了功课。sense,sensitive,sensible,sensationaln Sense:感觉，感官n Sensitive：敏感的Do not be sensitive!别神经过敏！n Sensible：明智的，理性的That seems to be a sensib

42、le idea.那似乎是个明智的主意。n Sensational：轰动性的，耸人听闻的Newspaper reports the incident sensational,makes it appear worse than it really be.报纸大肆渲染这件事，描述得更不像话。Respectable,respectful,respectiven Respectable:值得尊敬的，体面的He wishes to straighten up and lead a respectable life.他希望改邪归正，过体面的生活。n Respectful：恭敬的，有礼貌的He is respectful to his elders.他对长辈很尊敬。n Respective：各自的，分别的After the party we all go off to our respective room.聚会之后我们回到各自的房间。