江苏各市高三英语上册2018-2019年10月考分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案）.doc

1、江苏 高三上 2018-2019 分类汇编-阅读（含答案）无锡一中ABruny Island and the D' Entrecasteaux Channel*Duration: 4 days, 3 nights*From AU$1, 200.00 per personSail aboard Yukon on “the channel”, a favorite cruising ground for the Tasmanian sailor. This partially sheltered water way between the Tasmanian mainland and Br

2、uny Island has a lot of anchorages (锚地) and beaches. An ideal passage for a short break, this 3-night voyage is a good introduction to coastal cruising aboard Yukon.This is an excellent opportunity to take a comfortable low-impact holiday and feel the amazing experience of a wooden ship under sail a

3、t sea.Indicative Itinerary (旅行路线)*Waterloo Bay*Egg and Bacon Bay*Mickeys Bay (Bruny Island)*Partridge Island*The Quarries*Great Taylors BayPossible Wildlife Encounters (相遇)Seals, dolphins, whales and birdlife.All destinations are considered with regard to weather and an individuals capacity. The pri

4、me objective of the voyages is to enjoy “the channel” and Bruny Islands coastal surrounds, whilst taking advantage of Yukons roomy comfort. A series of short guided/unguided walks will be a part of the daily program.Please contact us for availability.Includes:All meals from Lunch on day 1 to Lunch o

5、n day 4All accommodation on board the YukonThe return trip to FranklinPhone:0447 972342or 0498 578535Address:Franklin Marina3333 Huon Highway FranklinThe Yukon is at the jetty (码头) near the Franklin Wooden Boat Centre.56. What will the tourists probably do during the travel?A. Learn to sail.  

6、 B. Watch whale hunting.C. Go downtown Tasmania.    D. Enjoy Yukons large space.57. What can we learn about the cost of the trip?A. It is flexible.    B. It is fairly high.C. It includes daily three meals.    D. It offers only a one-way ticket.BHumans kill large ca

7、rnivores-a category of animals that includes wolves, bears, lions, tigers and pumas-at more than nine times their death rate in the wild. Although they may not be our prey (猎物) in the traditional sense, new research shows that some of the worlds biggest carnivores are responding to humans in a way t

8、hat resembles how prey animals react to predators (捕食者). Biologists at the Santa Cruz Puma Project, an ongoing research effort in the mountains of Californias central coast, report that even the scary puma, or mountain lion, shows its fearful side when people are around.In a recent study, the resear

9、chers followed 17 mountain lions outfitted with GPS collars (项圈) to the animals deer kill sites. Once the cats naturally left the scene between feedings, ecologist Justin A. Smith, now at the University of California Berkeley, and her team trained motion-activated cameras on the prey bodies. On the

10、animals return, the cameras triggered nearby speakers, which broadcast recordings of either frogs croaking (呱呱叫) or humans conversing.The pumas almost always fled immediately on hearing the human voices, and many never returned to resume feeding or took a long time to do so. But they only rarely sto

11、pped eating or fled when they heard the frogs. They also spent less than half as much time feeding during the 24 hours after first hearing human chatter, compared with hearing the frogs, the team reported.The human presence in such a situation has far-reaching consequences. A previous study found th

12、at Santa Cruz pumas living near residential areas killed 36 percent more deer than those in less populated places. The new finding could explain why: if the cats are scared away from their kills before they finish feeding, they may be taking more prey to compensate. And fewer deer could mean more pl

13、ants go uneaten, according to Chris Darimont, a professor of conservation science at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, who was not involved in the study. Thus, fear of humans may alter the entire food chain.“Humans are the most significant source of death for pumas in this population e

14、ven though the cats are not legally hunted for food or sport,” Smith says. “Many are hunted illegally, struck by vehicles or legally killed by governmental agencies as a means of protecting livestock. So they have good reason to be fearful of us,” she adds. Darimont predicts other large carnivores w

15、ould show similar responses because humans have effectively become the planets top predator-even if we often do not eat what we kill.58. How did researchers make the discovery?A. By fitting GPS collars to the animals prey and following them.B. By getting to the kill sties and broadcasting all types

16、of sounds.C. By observing pumas reaction to frogs croaking or humans voices.D. By counting how long pumas spent eating in different backgrounds.59. According to the passage, humans presence will lead to _.A. less deer being eaten    B. more plants left uneatenC. pumas occupying less popula

17、ted areas    D. more puma feeding times within a day60. Smiths attitude towards the government hunting pumas is _.A. doubtful    B. disapproving    C. disappointing    D. objectiveCEven then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned t

18、o read and write long before the other children. Where my school friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensible pages, I saw light, streets and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a haven from that

19、home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even I could sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didnt like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not recognize-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was te

20、n he would send me off to work and that Id better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didnt want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night and flew into a rage. He

21、 tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.“If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, youll be sorry.”My father was not a miser and, despite the hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the

22、 other children. He was convinced that I spent them on sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, and when Id collected enough coins Id secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere & Sons Bookshop on Calle Santa

23、Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my hearts content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasnt looking Id leave the coins Id managed to collect

24、on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if Id had to buy a book with that pittance (极少的报酬), I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on my soul. If it had been up to me, I w

25、ould have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me that best gift I had ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.“Great expectations, by Charles Dickens,” I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judg

26、ing by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.“A friend of yours?”“A lifelong friend. And from now on, hes your friend too.”That afternoon I took my new friend home, hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldnt see it. It was a rainy winter

27、, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that

28、 I didnt want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.61. The underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_”.A. favor    B. mask    C. consultant    D. shelter62. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about _.A. the people who played a part i

29、n the authors storyB. the difficulties the author ran into in his childhoodC. the authors affection for books as a childD. the authors dreams before he met Sempere63. The word “friend” is used twice by Sempere to _.A. emphasize the emotional connection Sempere feels to readingB. imply that Sempere h

30、ad one close friend in his lifetimeC. underline the importance of the authors connection to SempereD. stress how friendships helped the author deal with difficulties64. Why does the author consider Great Expectations to be the best gift?A. Because he wanted to make the acquaintance of the books auth

31、or.B. Because the gift meant that Sempere regarded him as a special friend.C. Because reading the book convinced him that he wanted to be a writer.D. Because hed only ever been given sweets and snacks as gifts in the past.DThe concept of a “born leader” seems so fanciful that it belongs on the cover

32、 of a bad business book. But it turns out that born leaders are real, and researchers have discovered a key factor, which isnt genes, parents, or peers, but birth order.First-born children are 30 percent more likely to be CEOs or politicians, according to a new paper by several economists, Sandra E.

33、 Black at the University of Texas-Austin, and Bjorn Ockert and Erik Gronqvist at Swedens Institute for Evaluation of Labor Market and Education Policy. The paper, which only looked at boys, found that first-borns stay in school longer, make more money, have a higher IQ, and even spend more time on h

34、omework than on television,The idea that birth order might shape personality goes back at least to the 1920s, when Alfred Adler theorized that first-born children develop a “taste for power” at a young age, since they can dominate their younger siblings. He went on to say young children are spoiled

35、and become dependent on their parents (the “baby of the family” effect), while middle children, being often in a war for their parents attention, are status-conscious and naturally competitive.Obtaining personality from birth may strike you. But Adlers hypotheses (假说) have held up in numerous studie

36、s. In a 2013 paper, “Strategic Parenting, Birth Order and School Performance,” V. Joseph Hotz, a professor of economics at Duke University, and Juan Pantano, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis, used American data to show that school performance declines with birth order.T

37、he researchers chalked their findings up to what they called the “reputational model of strategic parenting.” Put simply, parents invest a lot of time in establishing rules for their first child, building a reputation for toughness that they hope will pass down to later children. As a result, first-

38、borns are doubly blessedhaving too much of their parents attention, and then entrusted to act as the rules enforcer of the family, which helps them build intelligence, discipline, and leadership qualities. In the survey, parents report that they consider their older children more successful, and the

39、y are less likely to discipline their later-born children for improper behaviors, such as acting up or not doing homework.This new study relies on Swedish data, and it comes to a similar conclusion. First-borns arent just healthier or smarter, but also they score higher on “emotional stability, pers

40、istence, social outgoingness, willingness to assume responsibility and ability to take the initiative.” Its researchers ruled out genetic factors; in fact, they uncovered evidence that later-born children might be healthier than first-borns.Instead, the differences among siblings had everything to d

41、o with family dynamics in the childrens early years. First, having more children means parents can spend less time on each child, and as the parental investment declines, so may IQ.Second, the most important effect, the researchers said, might not be the “strategic parenting” but something more like

42、 “strategic brothering.” As siblings compete for their parents love (or ice cream, or toys), they occupy certain positions-older siblings demonstrate their competence and power, while younger siblings develop more creative strategies to get attention. This effect seems particularly strong among late

43、r-born boys with older brothers. Younger brothers are much more likely to enter “creative” occupations -like architect, writer, actor, singer, or photographer-if they have older brothers, rather than older sisters. In other words, among young brothers, specialization within the family forecasts spec

44、ialization in the workforce.There is a considerable implication in this idea that family dynamics during childhood can shape adult personality. Young children are highly sensitive to their environment, in ways that often have lasting effects.65. First-born children are more likely to be CEOs or poli

45、ticians because _.A. they are born to have leadership qualitiesB. teachers and parents invest more time in educating themC. later-born children need them to set good examplesD. they have a lot of practice in bossing around their younger siblings66. What can we learn about Alfred Adler?A. His researc

46、h was based on American data.B. His hypotheses were applied in many studies.C. He held the idea that first-born children should be independent.D. He thought that childrens personality was affected by birth order.67. According to the 2013 paper, if a child does not behave as well as his elder brother

47、 at school, it may be due to the fact that he _.A. has a lower IQ and EQB. is badly treated by school teachersC. receives less attention from his parentsD. is spoiled too much by other family members68. What are the findings of the new study based on?A. Swedish data on boys.B. Controlled experiments

48、 on children.C. Differences between first-born and later-borns.D. The observation of childrens development across Sweden.69. The new study has found that later-born children _.A. feel disappointed at their parents attitude to themB. are always in a process of self-discoveryC. may be more trustworthy

49、 and creativeD. might be physically strong70. According to the author, _.A. parents should create a good family environment for their childrenB. children should be given equal attention by their parentsC. girls development is seldom affected by birth orderD. boys should be forbidden to order others around南京外国语AThe Chocolate MuseumThe story of chocolate through