英语国家文化第4章：澳大利亚课件.ppt

1、Chapter IVAustralia 澳 大 利 亚AustraliaA Sketch Map Of Australia澳大利亚略图A Map of Australia澳大利亚地图A Map of Australia澳澳 大大 利利 亚亚 简图澳大利亚5澳元样币澳大利亚1澳元硬币澳大利亚气候略图澳大利亚人口分布略图澳大利亚人口分布略图 KangarooKangaroo 袋鼠袋鼠emu(鸸鹋)鸸鹋群Koala考拉熊“看我们摆的造型可爱吧？”The Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院The Sydney Bay&the Sydney Bridge悉尼海湾 和和 悉尼大桥A glim

2、pse of Sydney 悉尼一瞥艾耶斯巨石艾耶斯巨石 (AYERS ROCK)位于澳大利亚南澳州的位于澳大利亚南澳州的沙漠之中，是世界上最大的单体沙漠之中，是世界上最大的单体/整体巨石。艾尔斯巨整体巨石。艾尔斯巨石高石高348348米，呈椭圆形，东高宽而西低狭，长米，呈椭圆形，东高宽而西低狭，长3.63.6公里，公里，宽宽2 2公里，基围周长约公里，基围周长约9 9公里。公里。澳州土著人认为这块巨澳州土著人认为这块巨石是他们神圣祖先的圣地，是一块圣石。石是他们神圣祖先的圣地，是一块圣石。Ayers Rock艾耶斯巨石艾耶斯巨石 Belief (宗教信仰宗教信仰)According to t

3、he 2006 Australian census,63.9%(12.69 million)of the Australian population is self-declared(自称)as Christians.So Christianity is the religion of the majority in Australia.(p61)【根椐2006年澳大利亚的人口普查，63.9%(或约1269万)的澳大利亚人自称是基督教徒。所以，基督教是澳大利亚绝大多数人的宗教信仰。】英文版澳大利亚地图 As over one-fifth of Australians were born to

4、immigrant parents,Australia is somewhat a country of melting pot.People in Australia are generally very open-minded and accept people from different cultures to visit their country.【由于五分之一以上的澳大利亚人出身在移民家庭，这使得澳大由于五分之一以上的澳大利亚人出身在移民家庭，这使得澳大利亚在一定程度上成为一个民族的大熔炉。澳大利亚人思想非常利亚在一定程度上成为一个民族的大熔炉。澳大利亚人思想非常开放，能接受来自

5、不同文化的人到澳洲旅游观光。开放，能接受来自不同文化的人到澳洲旅游观光。】The following are some important cultural tips to keep in mind (以下是一些值得记住的文化知识以下是一些值得记住的文化知识):Barbecuesa big part in Australian culture 【烧烤野餐烧烤野餐澳大利亚文化的重要组成部分澳大利亚文化的重要组成部分】Barbecue is a very popular social gathering.If invited to a barbecue in Australia,as a typi

6、cal practice,people will bring their own beer or wine for their own consumption,or at very informal barbecues,people may even be asked to bring their own meat for the grill.(pp63-4)【烧烤野餐烧烤野餐在澳大利亚是一种非常流行的聚会形式。在澳洲如应在澳大利亚是一种非常流行的聚会形式。在澳洲如应 邀参加烧烤野餐，典型的做法是自带酒水并自饮；去参加极为邀参加烧烤野餐，典型的做法是自带酒水并自饮；去参加极为 随便的烧烤野餐聚

7、会随便的烧烤野餐聚会，参加者还可能被要求自己带肉自己烤参加者还可能被要求自己带肉自己烤。】1.What to wear (如何穿着如何穿着)(p64)In the western society,including in Australia,it is the general practice to wear formally for formal occasions and casually for casual occasions.Yet in tropical areas such in Brisbane,etc.,men will wear shirts,ties,and a pair

8、 of Bermuda shorts.(p64)【在西方社会在西方社会(包括澳大利亚包括澳大利亚)，惯常的做法是正式场合着正装，惯常的做法是正式场合着正装，非正式场合着便装。但在澳大利亚的布里斯班等热带地区非正式场合着便装。但在澳大利亚的布里斯班等热带地区，男男 人在正式场合上身穿衬衣打领带人在正式场合上身穿衬衣打领带，而下身则可穿而下身则可穿百慕大短裤百慕大短裤 一种长度在膝盖以上的外穿平角短裤一种长度在膝盖以上的外穿平角短裤中国的七分裤相似中国的七分裤相似。】2.Food/Drinks (餐饮餐饮)Ask a student or two to put the 1st and 3rd pa

9、ragraphs into Chinese on p64,and to indicate what the 2nd paragraph means with pens or pencils.【请将第请将第6464页第页第1 1、3 3段话译成汉段话译成汉 语，再请同学按第语，再请同学按第2 2段话的描述用笔段话的描述用笔/铅笔摆出图形。】铅笔摆出图形。】(p64)3.Tipping (小费小费)In Australia,it is not expected or necessary to leave tips unless you really enjoy the service,for a

10、gratuity(赏钱赏钱)is usu.included in your bill.【在澳洲，除非你认为服务非常好在澳洲，除非你认为服务非常好 时可付些小费，否则用餐后无须付小费，因为你的账单中已包时可付些小费，否则用餐后无须付小费，因为你的账单中已包 括了赏钱。括了赏钱。】(p64)4.Greetings (问候问候)The most frequently used greeting in Australia is perhaps “Gday”or“Gday mate”.【在澳洲，最常用的问候语可能在澳洲，最常用的问候语可能 是是“你好你好”或或“你好伙计你好伙计”。】(p64)A Bar

11、becue in Australia 澳洲烧烤聚会澳洲烧烤聚会 Barbecues in Australia 澳洲烧烤 A Barbecue Party in the Countryside 在 乡 村 举 行 的 烤 肉 聚 会 Bermuda shorts firstly worn by both men and women in Bermuda began to be popular all over the world since from the 1980s.百慕大短裤百慕大短裤 (类似我国的七分裤类似我国的七分裤)最早由百慕大群岛的最早由百慕大群岛的男女始穿男女始穿 (故因此得名故

12、因此得名)。上世纪。上世纪8080年代起风靡全世界。年代起风靡全世界。The Bermuda shorts can be worn like this.百 慕 大 短 裤 还 可 以 这 么 穿。BroadeningBroadening My Horizon 开 阔 视 野 Studying in Australia (pp66-8)For our limit of time and being irrelevant to most of you,we just skip over this section.Those who plan to go and study in Australia

13、 can make a careful study of it after class.【由于时间有限 以及 其内容与多数同学无直接关系，故略去这一节。那些计划去澳洲留学的同学可在课后认真研读此节。】BMH A Symbols of Australia澳大利亚的象征 BMH B 1.The Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院悉尼歌剧院The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue(同时能举办多种同时能举办多种活动的活动的)performing arts centre on Benelong Point(便利朗角便利朗角)in Sydney,Austr

14、alia.It was designed and largely built by Danish architect John Utzon(约翰约翰伍重伍重),who,in 2003,received the Pritzker Prize (普利兹克建筑奖普利兹克建筑奖),architectures highest honor.The citation(获奖词获奖词)stated:“There is no doubt that the Sydney Opera House is his masterpiece.It is one of the great iconic(标志性的标志性的)bui

15、ldings of the 20th century,an image of great beauty that has become known throughout the worlda symbol for not only a city,but a whole country and continent.”(p69)The Sydney Opera House was made a UNESCO(联合国教科文联合国教科文组织组织)World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007.It is one of the 20th centurys most distinc

16、tive buildings and one of the most famous performing arts centers in the world.【悉尼歌剧院悉尼歌剧院是一座位于澳大利亚悉尼市便利朗角的同时能举办多是一座位于澳大利亚悉尼市便利朗角的同时能举办多种活动的演艺中心。它是由丹麦建筑师约翰种活动的演艺中心。它是由丹麦建筑师约翰伍重设计和主要建造伍重设计和主要建造的的，并于并于2003年获得世界建筑界的最高奖项年获得世界建筑界的最高奖项“普利兹克建筑奖普利兹克建筑奖”。其获奖词说其获奖词说：“毫无疑问悉尼歌剧院是他的代表作。它是毫无疑问悉尼歌剧院是他的代表作。它是20世纪伟世

17、纪伟大的标志性建筑物之一，其美轮美奂的形象已为世界所知大的标志性建筑物之一，其美轮美奂的形象已为世界所知它不它不仅是一座城市的象征，还是整个国家和其所在大洲的象征。仅是一座城市的象征，还是整个国家和其所在大洲的象征。”悉尼歌剧院已于悉尼歌剧院已于2007年年6月月28日被联合国教科文组织确定为世界文日被联合国教科文组织确定为世界文化遗产。化遗产。悉尼歌剧院是悉尼歌剧院是20世纪世界上最具特色的建筑物之一，也是世界上最世纪世界上最具特色的建筑物之一，也是世界上最著名的演艺中心之一。著名的演艺中心之一。】2.The Great Barrier Reef大大 堡堡 礁礁The Great Barri

18、er Reef is the worlds largest coral(珊瑚珊瑚)reef composed of over 2 900 individual reefs&900 islands stretching for over an area of about 0.34 million square kilometers.The Reef is located in the Coral Sea,off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia.The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer

19、space and is the worlds biggest single structure made by living organisms.It is labeled one of the 7 natural wonders of the world.The Great Barrier Reef faces 3 significant threats:climate change,pollution and declining water quality,and human activity in the Reef areas.(pp70-1)大堡礁大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁盘，由 2

20、900多个独立礁盘和900余个岛屿组成，所占面积达34万多平方公里。大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部昆士兰州沿海的珊瑚海中。大堡礁从外层太空可以看到，是世界上由微生物组成的最大单体结构，被誉为世界7大自然景观之一。大堡礁目前面临三大威胁：大堡礁目前面临三大威胁：气候变化；污染和水质下降；人类在大堡礁地区的活动。Kangaroos Kangaroos&Koala BearsKoala Bears袋鼠与考拉熊BMH CKangaroo is one of the 3 most famous animals in Australia(the other 2 being emu and koala).It i

21、s also one of the two animals on the national emblem of the country(the other one being emu).There are at least 69 different types of kangaroos,which are found naturally in the wild only in Australia&New Guinea.Kangaroos of all sizes(varying from 500 grams to 90 kgm.in weight)have one thing in commo

22、npowerful back legs with long feet.They never walk but always hop (动物的双腿齐跳；动物的双腿齐跳；人的单腿跳人的单腿跳)on the two strong back legs.Why is kangaroo called“袋鼠袋鼠”in Chinese?This is because it has a pouch(育儿袋育儿袋)on the belly,which is used to carry its young.(For the details of how a baby kangaroo is brought up,p

23、lease read pp73-4 in the textbook.)“袋鼠袋鼠”是澳大利亚最著名的三种动物之一（另外两种另外两种 是是“鸸鹋鸸鹋”和和“考拉熊考拉熊”），也是其国徽图案上的两种 动物之一（另一种是另一种是“鸸鹋鸸鹋”）。全世界最少有69种袋 鼠，但在野外，只有在澳大利亚和新几内亚能找到它们。所有大小不同的袋鼠(重量从重量从500500克至克至9090千克千克)都有一个 共同的特点具有长而强壮的后腿。它们从不走路，行则用两条强壮的后腿跳行。为什么在汉语中把 kangaroo 叫做“袋鼠”呢？这是因为 袋鼠的腹部长有育儿的育儿袋。（欲知袋鼠育儿的详情，请阅读课本的第欲知袋鼠育儿的

24、详情，请阅读课本的第73-7473-74页页。）。）Koala,which is commonly known as the Koala Bear,is in fact not related to bears at all.It is a marsupial(有袋动物有袋动物),which is found only eastern and south-eastern Australia.It falls into the same group of animals as kangaroo does&raises its young in pouch,too.Koalas high fibe

25、r(纤维纤维),low nutrient diet gives them a slow metabolic(新陈代谢的新陈代谢的)rate and they sleep around 19 hours a day.Koalas live in trees to be safe from predators(猛兽;食肉动物),even sleeping there,with their backs firmly pressed into the forks of branches.They tend to sleep throughout the day,and start to move ar

26、ound after sunset,for around five hours or so,feeding for three hours of those hours.They seldom drink water.Females are mature at three years old,while males at four years.Koalas can live as long as 17 years.They cannot be kept as a pet in Australia or anywhere else.(pp74-5)“考拉考拉”亦被称作“考拉熊”，实际上与“熊”毫

27、 无关系。考拉是一种有袋动物，仅生长在澳大利亚的东 部和东南部，与袋鼠属于同一类动物，也用育儿袋育儿。考拉的高纤维、低营养食物使得其新陈代谢很慢。这样 它们每天都要睡约19个小时的觉。为了躲避食肉猛兽，考 拉生活在树上，连睡觉时也呆在树上 牢牢地把背挤 入树杈里。它们通常白天睡觉，太阳落山后才出来四处 活动在约5个小时的活动时间里，它们有两个小时都 在进食。考拉很少喝水。雌性考拉3岁发育成熟，而雄性 考拉要到4岁才成年。考拉的寿命可达到1717岁。在澳洲或 世界上其他任何地方，考拉都不允许作为宠物饲养。To Celebrate Christmas In Summer盛夏欢度圣诞节BMH DDU

28、nquestionably,Christmas is the biggest and most important holiday in Australia,as is the case in every western country in which most of its people are Christians.Christmas(December 25)is a religious festival.But many of its festivities do not have anything to do with religion.Exchanging gifts and se

29、nding Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating Christmas in the world.Christmas is a time of reunion of the whole family,a time of family gatherings and holiday meals,a time for singing carols,and a time for ornaments and twinkling lights.Many people,whether Christians or not,will have a C

30、hristmas tree,usually an evergreen pine,which they will decorate with ornaments.Santa Claus will deliver toys to good boys&girls on Christmas Eve by landing on rooftops and climbing down chimneys.Australians do everything mentioned above to celebrate Chris-tmas.Christians in northern hemisphere cele

31、brate Christmas in winter while Australians do that in summer.This is perhaps the most striking difference in between northern hemisphere&southern hemisphere.So Australians (including Santa Claus)wear little to celebrate Christmas.(pp76-7)【像其他西方以基督教徒为主的国家一样,圣诞节在澳大利亚毫无 疑问是最大最重要的节日。圣诞节最初是个宗教节日。但今天许多圣诞节的活动与宗教无关,互赠礼物和寄送贺卡是世界上最流行的庆祝圣诞节的方式。圣诞节是合家团聚的日子,是家庭聚会和享用节日美餐的时刻,也 是欢唱颂歌的时刻；是到处装饰一新，灯火闪烁的时刻。许多人，不管是否是基督徒,都会用饰物装饰常青树,做成圣诞树。圣诞老 人也会在平安夜落到房顶,从烟囱里爬进来,给孩子们送上各种玩 具。澳大利亚人也以同样方式庆祝圣诞节。北半球的基督徒在严冬 欢度圣诞节,而澳大利亚人则在盛夏欢度此节。这大概就是南北半 球人欢度圣诞节的最大不同之处。所以澳大利亚人(包括圣诞老人)过圣诞节时穿着很少。】Santa Claus 圣诞老人