Unit 1 Using Language 语言点-ppt课件--(2022)高中英语新人教版选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、 Unit 1 Science fiction Unit 1 Science fiction n【知识点回顾】1.test out 检验2.alarm vt.&n.使警觉；警报 alarmed adj.害怕的 alarming adj.令人惊恐的n be alarmed at/by.对感到害怕 be alarmed to do sth 害怕做某事3.favour n.&vt.喜爱；偏袒；帮忙 n do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 in favour of 同意；支持 n or rather 更确切地说 rather than 而不是 on a business trip 因公出差 f

2、eel alarmed 感到担心 more like 更像是;更接近 smooth hair 顺滑的头发 a deep voice低沉浑厚的声音 facial expression 面部表情 turn around 转身;翻转 embarrassed adj.难堪的;尴尬的 feel embarrassed 感到难堪的，感到尴尬的 ridiculous adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的 It is ridiculous that.荒谬的是 dignity/digneti/n.庄重;庄严;尊严 with dignity 有尊严地，体面地 with wonder 惊奇地 or rather 更确切地

3、说 make up n.妆容 a list of一份的清单 after all 毕竟 work on 从事;做的工作 fall off 从跌落下来 manage to do sth.设法做成某事 in time及时;迟早 take sb.in ones arms 把某人搂在怀里 more than 不仅仅是，远非 5.accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏 accompany sb to.陪伴某人到(地方 6.appointment n.预约；约会；委任；任命 make an appointment with sb 和某人有一个约会 keep an appointment 守约 have an

4、appointment to do sth 预约做某事 break an appointment 违约 appoint v.任命；约定 appoint sb(to be)/(as)任命某人为 appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 7.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 be/feel guilty about.对感到内疚 guilt n.内疚；过失 8.strike vt.&vi.&n.（strike-struck-struck）打；撞击；罢工；打动；突然想起 sth strikes/struck sb=It strikes/struck sb that.某人突

5、然想起 9.dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇 dismiss sb from.从开除某人 10.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 declare sb/sth to be 宣布某人/某物是 declare for/against.声明赞成/声明反对 declare war on.向宣战 11.suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 suspend.from.把悬挂在上；暂令停职(停学)12.be/become aware of.意识到 raise ones awareness about.提高某人对的意识13.charge sb with doing sth 指控某人做

6、某事 charge sb for.为向某人要价 in charge of 主管/负责 in the charge of sb 在某人的掌管之下 take charge of.负责/看管14.on a.basis 根据；以的方式(基准)be based on 以为基础15.be superior to 比更好；比更胜一筹16.take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 occupation n.职业职业 occupy v.占据（时间）；占用（地方）占据（时间）；占用（地方）In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take ove

7、r.He is younger than you,but he is superior to you.注意注意:superior 不与不与than 连用连用 用用to不用不用than表示表示“比比”的短语的短语 senior to 比比年长的年长的/级别高的级别高的 junior to 比比年轻的年轻的 inferior to 比比差的差的 prior to 在在前面的前面的1.take over意思：意思：_相关相关短语积累：短语积累：take up开始从事，占据（空间），占用（时间），承担（责任）开始从事，占据（空间），占用（时间），承担（责任）take on呈现，承担（责任），雇用呈现，

8、承担（责任），雇用take in吸入，理解领会，欺骗吸入，理解领会，欺骗take back撤回（说过的话），退回撤回（说过的话），退回take off脱下，起飞，休假，迅速脱下，起飞，休假，迅速流行流行take away 拿走，夺走拿走，夺走练习练习：Some insects take _ the color their surroundings protect themselves.on remind sb.of 使某人想起使某人想起 remind sb.to do.提醒某人去做某事提醒某人去做某事 remind sb.that 提醒某人提醒某人/使某人想起使某人想起 他提醒他提醒我出去的时

9、候关灯。我出去的时候关灯。when I went out.她她的话使他想起他之前所做的承诺。的话使他想起他之前所做的承诺。Her words reminded him of_He reminded me to turn off the lightthe commitment he had made before.2.conflict词性：词性：_ 意思：意思：_conflict with 与与有冲突，与有冲突，与相相抵触抵触in conflict withover 在在上与上与有冲突有冲突/有争执有争执come into conflict with 与与起冲突起冲突/发生争执发生争执/发生矛盾

10、发生矛盾 练习练习：When our personal interests are _ conflict with collective interests,we should put collective interests before our own.Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we conflict with our friends.in4.fall away意思：意思：_fall behind 落后落后fall apart破碎；（关系）破碎；（关系）破裂破裂fall down跌倒；倒塌跌倒；

11、倒塌fall over被被绊倒；倒下绊倒；倒下fall off（从（从上）掉下；脱落上）掉下；脱落fall out（牙齿或头发）脱落，掉落（牙齿或头发）脱落，掉落fall on/upon（责任）落在（责任）落在身上；身上；适逢适逢练习：练习：On the bathroom ceiling,some pieces of plaster（灰泥）（灰泥）had_.fallen away/off5.urge词性：词性：_ 意思：意思：_have/feel an urge to do sth.有做某事的欲望有做某事的欲望/冲动冲动urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人做某事力劝某人做某事urge

12、that 极力主张极力主张(从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用should+（动词原形，（动词原形，should 可省略）可省略）相关词语积累：相关词语积累：urgency n.紧急，迫切紧急，迫切urgent adj.紧急的；急切的紧急的；急切的 练习：练习：Considering the great _(urge),this project is supposed to be completed as soon as possible.urgency1.What makes the traveler think that the time machine works?

13、A.The change of time on a clock.B.The lab that looks different.C.The strange feeling in mind.D.The trick the machine plays on him.Then I saw the clock.A moment before,it was a minute or so past ten;now it was nearly half past three.2.How does the time traveler feel when travelling through time?A.Exc

14、ited B.Relaxed C.Unfortunate D.UncomfortableIt is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling.It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.”3.Why is the time traveler worried about stopping the machine?A.An accident can happen.B.The machine will turn over.C.An exp

15、losion may take place.D.The machine has no brakes.If I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else,they would be forced together and explode like a bomb.课文知识点1.it is/was（被强调的部分）that强调句 Miss Zhang teaches us English in ShiYan Middle School.1.It is English that Miss Zhang teaches u

16、s in ShiYan Middle School.2.It is in ShiYan Middle School that Miss Zhang teaches us English.This/that is/was the first time that 课文知识点1.it is/was（被强调的部分）that强调句 可以强调句子的主语，宾语，宾语或状语，不能强调谓语。It 本身没有意义，但不能用其他词代替。被强调的部分指认时用that/who都可，其他情况用that.被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，it 后的be动词都用单数形式。Is/wasBy the way 课文知识点2.I find

17、 him_(sit)in the front of classroom.I find him_(seat)in the front of classroom.sit vi.sat sat seat seated seatedseat 用法n.座位 take a seat 请坐vt.使就座；使坐下 seat onself 使某人就座 be seated 就座 please be seated.sittingseated课文知识点3.Looking around,I saw my laboratory exactly as before.现在分词短语作伴随状语。与逻辑主语主谓关系Mary lay

18、on the grass,staring at the sky.=Mary lay on the grass and stared at the sky.玛丽躺在草地上，望着天空。短语表示方式或者伴随情况用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时同时发生。它不用状语从句替换，但可以用并列句并列句来转换。课文知识点4.trick n.诡计；恶作剧；把戏；技巧（常用单数）同义词：fool n.傻瓜 v.愚弄play a trick on 和某人开玩笑 vt.欺骗5.or so adv.大约=about a week or so（数词后）about

19、3 hours6.a moment 片刻A moment before,it was a minute or so past ten;now it was nearly half past three.A moment before,it was a minute or so past ten;now it was nearly half past three.（1）如果是没有过半小时的，一般说成是几点过几分。如5点20可以说成twenty past five（分钟放在小时前）。（2）过半个小时的可以说成，几点差几分。如果是5点50可以说成ten to six（也是分钟放小时之前）。（3）往往

20、不管过不过半个小时，可以直接表达。如5点20可以直接表达为five twenty 或者5点40可以直接表达为five forty。（4）noon和midnight Its（twelve）noon.中午十二点。its（twelve）midnight.晚上十二点 另外，英语中有很多常用的表达。如果15分钟，可以说成quarter。如3点15可以表达为a quarter past three，6点30可以表达为half past six，7点整可以表达为seven oclock。课文知识点4.I drew a breath,gripped the lever and push it forwards

21、.She screamed,pushed him away,and ran to her room.She has been interviewed many times,appeared on the covers of magazines,and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country.英语中多个谓语动词出现时，在最后两个动词之间加and.按照时间顺序依次发生。课文知识点5.take/draw a breath 吸一口气 hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 out of

22、 breath 上气不接下气6.grip gripped n/v.抓紧；紧握；理解 grasp;吸引（注意力）She kept a tight grip on her arm.她紧紧握住她的胳膊。grip the rope as tightly as you can.尽可能紧紧抓住绳子7.go hazy 变得模糊不清 become8.fetch（去）拿来 来回 课文知识点9.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.夜幕降临，就像一盏灯熄灭一样，再一转眼，已到了白天。The n

23、ight of the party arrived.as if 引导方式状语从句 比喻全部倒装句，正常语序是：the day came in another moment.课文知识点9.as if“似乎，好像”=as though 可以引导方式状语从句和表语从句。1.引导表语从句，常位于系动词 seem,look,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listen to the thunder!It seems as if it is going to rain.听雷声!似乎要下雨了。2.引导方式状语从句I dont know why she is looking at me as if s

24、he_(know)me.Ive never seen her before.3）as if/though+从句从句现在：过去将来would/could/might+动词原形过去时过去完成时 They talked as if they had been friends for years.(核心考试句)He opened his mouth as if he would say something.当说话当说话人认为从句所陈述的内容是不真实的或不人认为从句所陈述的内容是不真实的或不可能发生（存在），从句用虚拟语气可能发生（存在），从句用虚拟语气。It seems as if it were s

25、pring.29完全倒装完全倒装1.There be结构结构 由引导词由引导词there加动词加动词be（exist，lie,live,stand,seem to be,happen to be,used to be 等等）构成的表示存在的句型要用完全倒构成的表示存在的句型要用完全倒装结构。装结构。There are many students in the classroom.There lies(stands)a tall building.There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.30完全倒装完全倒装2.表示地点或时

26、间的副词表示地点或时间的副词here、there、now、then，表示方向的副，表示方向的副词词out、in、up、down、away、off等置于句首时，用完全倒装结构，等置于句首时，用完全倒装结构，谓语动词常为表示运动的不及物动词谓语动词常为表示运动的不及物动词come、go、run等词。等词。Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Out rushed the students.The door opened

27、and in came our head teacher.1.当主语是代词时，不用倒装结构。当主语是代词时，不用倒装结构。Here he comes.Away they went.2.谓语动词使用谓语动词使用一般一般现在时或一般过去式现在时或一般过去式。31完全倒装完全倒装3.表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装结表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装结构，谓语动词常为不及物动词构，谓语动词常为不及物动词be、stand、sit、lie、come等。等。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his h

28、and.From the valley came a frightening sound.They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.此用法也适用于一些副词、副词短语或表示时间的介词短语。此用法也适用于一些副词、副词短语或表示时间的介词短语。Opposite stood an ancient oak tree.South of the city lies a big steel factory.After the banquet came a firework display.On the opposite sid

29、eTo the south of the city324.表语置于句首（对动作或状态加以强调），倒装结构为表语置于句首（对动作或状态加以强调），倒装结构为“表语表语+连系动词连系动词+主语主语”。1)形容词形容词(短语）短语）+系动词系动词+主语主语Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.First to arrive were their two cousins.2)分词（短语）分词（短语）+系动词系动词+主语主语Gone are the days when teachers were looked

30、down upon.Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.3)介词短语介词短语+be+主语主语Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.完全倒装完全倒装课文知识点10.skip skipped 跳跃；跳过11.still adv.还要，更（修饰形容词和副词的比较级）We still have 3 miles（英里）to go.adj.静止的;寂静的 keep still seat still and dont make a noise12.It is hard to explain

31、the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling.很难解释时间旅行带来的陌生感和不适感。13.feel like doing 想要做某事 You know you should be working,but you just dont feel like doing anything.课文知识点14.It feels/felt/like似乎是/感觉上You wanted to say something-the first word-but just wont come out,it feels like it is stuck som

32、ewhere.15.Wind n.风 v.1.转动；扭动 wind(up)a music box 2.缠绕 3.蜿蜒前进 We wound our way southeast.我们向东南方向蜿蜒前行。a narrow winding road.make ones way 艰难前行 feel ones way 摸索前行你想说些什么，但第一个字就是说不出来，感觉就像卡在什么地方了。课文知识点15.As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.我的速度越来越快，实

33、验室的墙壁随之坍塌，我置身户外。pace n.速度；步伐；节奏 keep pace with sb./sth.与步调一致；跟上（keep up with）他走的越来越快，她感到很难跟上他。She found it hard_ as he walked faster and faster.v.调整步伐;来回踱步She paced up and down outside the room.走来走去to keep pace/up with him课文知识点16.in the open air 露天；在户外，野外17.throw v.1.扔；抛；掷 stopping throwing stones a

34、t the window.别朝窗户扔石头了。2.使陷入(某种状态)（常用被动）be thrown into We were thrown into confusion by the news.我们被那消息弄得惊慌失措。Hundreds were thrown out of work.数以百计的人遭到解雇3.随手扔下某物课文知识点18.I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke.现在分词作宾补19.puff（烟，气的）一缕；少量20.rise up 上升 roes risen raise mony;raise a child;raise his hand21.

35、The whole surface of the earth was being changed,melting and flowing before my eyes.地球的整个表面都在变化，在我的眼前熔化，流动。现在分词作伴随状语。22.caculate 我估算我一分钟要穿越数百年的时间。课文知识点23.我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西。have an urge to do.random 随机的；不可思议的24.The risk of 的风险25.so/as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句只要你每天锻炼，你就会健康。As long as you work on a d

36、aily basis,you will keep healthy.只要我们坚持梦想，我们迟早会成为赢家。we will become a winner sooner or later.26.at a speed 以的速度As long as we stick to our dreams课文知识点27.be occupied by 被占据28.impatient patient impatience没耐心的；急躁的Dont give into anger and impatience.不要愤怒和急躁。29.jolt 震动；摇晃30.flip 快速翻转 flipped31.stun 使震惊 stunned目瞪口呆的；震惊的32.for a moment 一会33.next to 紧靠着Thank you!