寒假讲义-上海牛津版高一-语法选词+综合T.docx

1、课程主题： 语法/选词+综合（5）授课时间：学习目标1. 掌握本学期翻译句型，语法填空和选词填空的基本方法技巧2. 提升阅读综合能力教学内容课前热身：1.油价已经上涨到了近30年的最高位。(go up to)2.地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。（inform）3.她满面笑容显示出她乐观、冷静和谦和的性格。(reflect)4.由于买不起新的，她把一个破旧的沙发改成了儿子睡觉的床。(convert)5.他把“严禁停车”的牌子挂在大门外，但仍然没什么用。（effect）6.研究人员观察这些男孩，看他们能在课堂上集中精力多长时间。（observe）7.他被委派主持一次以色列与中东国家间的和平会谈来推动

2、中东的和平进程。(conduct)8.作为一名普通的学生，我几乎没有时间玩耍，因为学习花去了我大部分的时间和精力。( consume)9.你可以出去，只要你答应12点以前回来。（as long as）10.如果我不到城里每家书店去看看，我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。（unless）1.The oil price has gone up to the highest over the last 30 years.2.Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.3.Her big smile reflected th

3、e nature of optimism, calmness and modesty.4.She converted a shabby sofa into a bed for her son, for she couldnt afford to buy a new one.5.He put up a No Parkingsign outside his gate,but it still didnt have any effect.6.The researchers observe the boys to see how long they can concentrate in the cla

4、ss.7.He was appointed to conduct a peace talk between Israel and other countries to promote the peace process in the Middle East.8.Being an average student, I have no time to play, for study has consumed most of my time and energy.9.You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 12 oclock.1

5、0.Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want.语法填空考点概述出题方式词性考查考点分布备考之道设关键词形容词/副词比较级准确判断考点，并且熟练掌握比较级、最高级变化规则和特殊情况最高级动词时态关注各个时态的用法和常见考点如完成时语态结合主语和动词用法，合理判断不定式合理判断非谓语类型；关注时态和语态动名词分词不设关键词冠词定冠词，不定冠词准确判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意积累常考介词代词 人称

6、物主代词注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应不定代词反身代词指示代词that those one onesit形式主语、形式宾语、强调句、指代上文事物情态动词动词的意义注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度连接词定语从句熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法名词性从句状语从句强调句连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系知识点1：两三空填词梳理（补充情态动词两空词）1. 两空常填连词表原因：now that;表让步：even if / even though表方式：as if / as though / just as表目的：so that / in case表结果：so that定语从句

7、中：介词 + which表条件：what if表除了：except when/that2. 三空常填连词表目的：in order that / for fear that表时间：as soon as表条件：as/so long as / on condition that特别注意：no matter how + adj./ no matter what + n.3. 两空常填介词表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/表让步：regardless of 表递进：apart from表相反：instead of/ rather than表除了：except for /

8、other than 4. 三空常填介词表让步：in spite of表递进：in addition to表原因：on account of5. 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / would rather / ought to / may/might (as) well(16年1月交大附中高二期末考试)(A)Patient Sherlock and Cumber fans, get ready. Were now only less than two weeks away from the latest installment in the BBCs Sherlo

9、ck series. It will be a 90-minute holiday special entitled The Abominable Bride.For this standalone special, Holmes and Watson are sent back to late-19th century Victorian London, which is exactly _25_ Sir Arthur Conan Doyle set his original stories. But despite the time jump, show runner Steven Mof

10、fat has assured fans that this episode will be very special, different and not tied at all to any previous or forthcoming episodes. The special will combine the supernatural _26_ a classic murder mystery. Now, the latest trailer has given us a clearer sense of what the Christmas special is about and

11、 what _27_ title means. From what _28_( reveal) so far, the detectives are busy hunting down a ghostly killer in a bridal gown and veil. The bride is believed to be dead but is now acting like an avenging angel in the streets of London. From fog-enveloped Limbhouse, England to the basement of a _29_

12、( ruin) church, Holmes, Watson and their friends _30_ beat their brains out to defeat the enemy. In one rather chilling moment, the _31_( terrify) bride glides towards Holmes, while in another, she creeps up behind Waston. It seems the Christmas special is full of mysterious and spooky scenes.The Ch

13、ristmas special will debut in 2016 in both the U.K. and the U.S., _ _32_ _ in cinemas across China and in other selected countries around the world.【答案】25. when 26. with 27. its 28.has been revealed 29.ruined 30.must 31.terrifying 32.as well as 【分析】25.which指代的是时间“19世纪晚期”，使用疑问代词when。26.考察combine A wi

14、th B,将A和B结合起来。27.填写代词，前文提到“the Christmas special”，此处指“圣诞特辑的”标题。28.由so far可确定使用现完时态，下文提到的信息是被披露，使用被动语态。29.非谓语动词作为church的定语，表示已经荒废/毁坏的教堂。30.空格后是动词原形，空格处应填写情态动词，由语义判断：“为了打败敌人，必须”。31.非谓语动词作为bride的定语，根据语义判断应是“令人害怕的”32.UK、US、China为并列关系，且此处为三空，填写as well as。(B) Without any previous notice, a documentary dom

15、inated headlines and social websites over the weekend. Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary _33_(self-fund) by former news anchor Chai Jing, _34_(release) in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in _35_effort to make a diff

16、erence. Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her “personal clashes” with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. “I sealed tight all the windows. I started every day by checking the air pollution index,” Chai said. Millions of other people are doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes

17、much _36_(deep). “I dont want to live in this way. I need to find out where the smog comes from and what on earth is going on”. Chais research reveals that it is the burning of coal and oil _37_contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She then goes on to disclose loopholes in car emissions reg

18、ulations. Some of the laws have been in place for years, _38_ have never been applied. The film also explains that businesses are pressured not to obey the law because violating them carries little or no cost, while making changes pushes up costs. The film also points at Chinas petroleum and steel i

19、ndustries _39_the biggest sources of air pollution. Chai goes on to list the things ordinary people can do_40_(help) and sums everything up by calling for individual responsibility in reporting illegal emissions via the hotline 12369. 【答案】 33. self-funded 34. was released 35. an 36. deeper 37. that

20、38. but 39. as 40. to help【分析】33.所给词为动词，整个长句中间两个逗号内的部分为插入语，所以此处应为非谓语形式，空格后有by sb，因此此处应为被动形式。34.首先根据33题的分析，此处应填写谓语动词的形式，主语为一个电影，动词意思为放映，主谓为被动关系，填写was released。35.effort元音开头，应填写an。36.much可加比较级，此处结合文意翻译为“柴静挖掘地更加深入”。37.强调句型：it is that 。38.考察前后句意的理解“一些法律已经存在了好多年，但是从来没有被应用过”，强调逗号后的内容，用but。39.空格后接的是短语且语意缺少

21、前两者“是”最大的问题源，因此填写as，表“作为”。40.“ ordinary people can do”为后置定语，此处填非谓语不定式表目的。知识讲解 十一选十解题方法概述第一步：详读选项，词分类 选项中的11个词是考查的关键，考生应该 详细的理解这11个单词。熟悉的单词标明 词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的 单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、 形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。 这样做考生就可以不再是11选1了，只要根 据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时 候可以是3选1甚至2选1,缩小了选择的范 围，降低了试题的难度。1.了解备选词的基本含义，注意一词多义情况。2.同一单词

22、可能有多个词性，3. 以-ing/ -ed 结尾的词 第二步：略读全文，定中心抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题，快速掌握文章大意 第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选填词入空。 确认空处可填词性。同性词语筛选按逻辑关系代入确认答案第四步：复核检查，定结果注意： 1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词 包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分 词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去 分词), 无法确定时标问号。 2. 不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意 思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词 性。词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。 3. 做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只

23、有一 个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、 approach、challenge、 change等就即有名 词词性又有动词词性。 这时两个都要标出来。4.以-ing或-ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也 可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的 形容词。二. 解题技巧 (一)判断词性的技巧 前面提到的“瞻前顾后”就是需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项， 我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应 该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。 1. 确定空格为名词(1) a /an/the n. , adj. n. , vt. n. , 即空格处前面 为冠词、形容词或者及物动词

24、的，空格处应填入 名词； (2) n. v., 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入 该动词的主语(名词);(3) prep. n., 即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当 介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。2. 确定空格为动词 (1) n./pron. vt. n./pron., 即空格前面已有名 词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾 语，空格处应为及物动词；(2) n./pron. vi. , 即空格处前面是名词/代词， 后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词； (3) n./pron. vi. adv./prep., 即空格处前面是名 词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入 不及

25、物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；(4) n./pron. link v./be. adj., 即空格处前面是名词/ 代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be 动词； (5) to v. , 即空格处前有不定式标志to,空格处应 填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填 入动名词。3. 确定空格为形容词 (1) adj. n. 或n. adj. , 即空格处前面或者后面 为名词的，空格处应填入形容词； (2)adv. adj. , 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处 应填入形容词； (3) link/be v. adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be 动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。4. 确

26、定空格为副词 (1) adv. v. 或v. adv. , 即空格处前面或者 后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词； (2) adv. adj., 即空格处后面是形容词的， 空格处应填入副词。(二)利用逻辑关系词确定答案 在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考 生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通 过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关 系词来确定出一些答案。 常见的逻辑关系词如下：1) 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等 (2) 对比关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等 (3) 比较关系：asas ,

27、 like , similar 等(4) 因果关系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等 (5) 举例关系：for example , for instance , such as , and so on 等 (6) 递进关系：and , whats more , moreover , in addition 等（17年浦东新区高二上期末考试）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can b

28、e used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. agreements B. attack C. complex D. especially E. reasonable F. individual G. affect H. necessarily I. link J. prevent The Teeth-Heart Connection Youve probably heard of the list of factors that put you at risk for heart disease：smok

29、ing，poor diet，lack of exercise and so onBut did you know that the health of your gums（牙龈）may also_21_ your chance of developing heart disease？More than 120studies have looked into the possible _22_ between gum disease and heart diseaseMost of them say that gum disease is a risk factor for heart dise

30、ase and other diseases that affect blood vesselsThis means that people with gum disease often develop heart disease but that gum disease doesnt_23_cause heart diseaseDoctors and scientists have offered a number of possible reasons for this connectionOne common factor is inflammation（发炎），which occurs

31、 when the body senses a danger and sends white blood cells to _24_ itThis leads to painful swelling（肿胀），which is the main symptom of gum diseaseWhite inflammation hasnt been shown to cause heart disease，it often accompanies itAnd as it turns out，the same types of bacteria often lead to inflammation

32、in both diseasesIts also possible that the connection has less to do with biology than with the habits of a(n) _25_Perhaps people who take good care of their teeth make other healthy choices that _26_ heart diseaseSo what does this mean for your health？Since the role of gum disease in causing heart

33、disease isnt certain，dont assume(臆断) that taking care of your teeth will protect your heartCertainly，brushing and cleaning are not replacement for exercise and a healthy dietBut keeping your mouth healthy and avoiding gum disease are still _27_ goals to work towardsTheyll spare you pain and high den

34、tal bills and keep your bright smile completeThis research does mean that if you have gum disease，you should get your heart checked .This is _28_ true if you are at risk of heart disease for other reason，such as smokingWho would have thought that your mouth and your heart would be connected？The body

35、 is a _29_ and mysterious thing，so do all you can to preserve it答案：GIHBF JEDC当堂一测：（17年七宝中学高二上周测）For thousands of years, scientists have wondered about the spot of light in the night sky. In AD.125, Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer living in Egypt, claimed that the planets and the sun moved around Earth.（

36、11）_ other astronomers had different ideas, Ptolemys theory was held for almost 1, 500 years.In the 1540s. the Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus published many books, one(12) _ _ explained how Earth and the other planets orbit the sun. In the early 1600s, Galileo proved that Copernicus was right

37、. Galileo made his observations by (13) _ (use)a telescope(望远镜). He was the first astronomer to use oneToday, astronomers use telescopes that are much (14) _ (powerful) than Galileos. In1990, the Hubble Space Telescope began to orbit Earth. The Hubble telescope studies some rays(银河系). These are the

38、rays that never reach Earth, because they (15) _ (stop) by earths atmosphere. The Hubble telescope has found evidence of a black hole-a(16)_ (fall) star that takes in all matter that comes near(17) _.The Hubble telescope has also sent back information about some very young stars.(18) _ (study) plane

39、ts in our solar system, scientists have launched unarmed space probes(探测器). In 1997, the Pathfinder mission landed a small vehicle named Sojourner on Mars. So far, Sojourner(19) _ (learn) that the composition of Mars is more like Earth than scientists had thought. (20) _ Earth. Mars has a melted cor

40、e Pressure bubbles up from that core and sometimes causes volcanoes.答案：Although of which using more powerful are stopped fallen it To study has learned Like（17年七宝中学高二上周测）A. announced B. comfortably C. enthusiastic D. tough AB. government AC. victory AD. great BC. shocked BD. champion CD. theoretical

41、ly ABC. electedIt took nearly 18 months to find a new president of the US. Finally, there is a result. Donald Trump was _21_ the 45th US president on Nov 8, local time. “I will be president for all Americans,” Trump told a(n) _22_ crowd in New York after his _23_ was certain. “We will rebuild our in

42、frastructure, which will become second to none.”Trump was a rich businessman and became famous for hosting NBCs reality series The Apprentice. He has been successful in the business world, but Trump winning the US presidency _24_ the world. Unlike most of the US previous presidents, Trump has no exp

43、erience in _25_. He is also known for getting angry at those who disagree with him. Critics have given Trump little chance of getting the job ever since he _26_ that he wanted to run in June 2015. But he quickly took the lead from the other Republicans, winning the nomination _27_. Even as Nov 8 beg

44、an, he was given little chance of victory. But starting with Florida, almost every important state seemed to go his way. “This is a historic night,” said Vice President-elect Mike Pence. “The American people have spoken and the American people have elected their new _28_.” However, many people are u

45、nhappy about his coming presidency. Late on election day in New York, hundreds of people got together in the rain, holding signs reading, “Not our president.” But no matter what, Trump is going to take office on Jan 20, 2017.v With his famous saying “Make America _29_ again”, Trump said he would bri

46、ng changes to the US. During his campaign, Trump put forward a(n) _30_ trade policy to bring millions of manufacturing jobs back to the US. He suggested levying a 45 percent tariff on Chinese products in order to get back the jobs that have been “stolen” by China.21-30 ABC C AC BC AB A B BD AD D（16年交大附中高二上期末考试）In todays American society, background checks have become a routine part of hiring process. employers use them to _51_ potential workers, judging whether they are qualified for the posts. Through backgrou