寒假讲义-上海牛津版高一-主题阅读（科技）、翻译、长难句解析 T.docx

1、课程主题： 长难句解析 + 主题类阅读 + 综合（3）授课时间：学习目标1. 掌握句子成分分析2. 考纲话题20：科普知识与现代技术3. 综合能力提升教学内容课前热身：(来自复旦附中翻译句子练习)66. 毫无疑问，政府将采取一切措施来防止这种疾病的蔓延。(take measures)There is no doubt that the government will take measures to prevent this disease from spreading.67.范志毅在昨天的比赛中的表现给每个球迷留下了深刻的印象。(make an impression on)Fan Zhiyi

2、s performance in yesterdays match made a deep impression on every football fan.68. 那架飞机不是在起飞的时候而是在着陆的时候失事的。( be wrecked)That plane was wrecked not when it was taking off but when it was landing.69.我多么希望你们中间的一个将来能获得诺贝尔奖！( one of you )How I hope (that)one of you will win a Nobel Prize in the future.70

3、. 成千上万的人聚集在街道两旁欢迎在奥运会上获得金牌的运动员们。(gather)Thousands of people gathered on both sides of the street welcoming the atheletes who had won the Olympic gold meadals.71.史密斯先生第一次去杭州，就被西湖的美所打动。(The first time)The first time Mr. Smith went to Hangzhou, he was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.72.那个撞到老奶奶的驾驶

4、员承认开车前喝了酒。(admit)The driver who had knocked down an old woman admitted drinking before driving.73.既然你不想错过去那所大学留学的机会，请尽快地与那所大学联系。( contact)Now that you dont want to miss the chance to study in America, please contact that university as soon as possible.74.救援队尽了一切努力，救出了困在山谷里的两名探险者。(strand)The rescue t

5、eam made every effort/spared no effort to save the two explorers (who were )stranded in the mountains.75.使足球迷们不满的是教练没有及时换下那位脚扭伤的队员。(be hurt)To the football fans disappointment,the coach didnt substitute the player who had been hurt in the foot in time.（改编VOA）Directions: Complete the following passag

6、e by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. interestB. increasinglyC. tackleD. equivalentE. ultimatelyF. purchasedG. drivenH. speakingI. potentialJ. seekingK. overseasNew Zealand is planning to ban foreign buyers from purchasing

7、 existing homes in an attempt to _1_ a housing crisis by halting a trend among the worlds wealthy to snap up property in the country.The restrictions announced by the prime minister-designate, Jacinda Ardern, are likely to be closely watched by other countries around the world also facing housing sh

8、ortages and price rises _2_ by foreign investors.At 37, Ardern has become New Zealands youngest leader for 150 years. New Zealand has become a destination for Chinese, Australian and Asian buyers and has gained a reputation as a bolthole for the worlds wealthy who view it as a safe haven from a _3_

9、nuclear conflict, the rise of terrorism and civil unrest.The country has become a hotspot for wealthy Americans _4_ an escape from political upheaval elsewhere, who view it as a stable nation with robust laws and far from potential conflict zones.Peter Thiel, the co-founder of PayPal and a Facebook

10、board member and donor to Donald Trumps campaign, is among those to have _5_ property in New Zealand.Global financiers have been _6_ snapping up properties in the country. _7_ at the annual gathering of the worlds elite in Davos, Robert Johnson, the president of the Institute for New Economic Thinki

11、ng, said: I know hedge-fund managers all over the world who are buying airstrips and farms in places like New Zealand because they think they need a getaway.Reports by Bloomberg and the New Yorker have suggested dozens of Silicon Valley futurists are secretly preparing for doomsday, acquiring boltho

12、les in the country.Jack Ma, the man behind Alibaba, Chinas answer to Amazon and its richest man, is also reported to have shown _8_in buying a home there.Land sales to foreign buyers are booming in New Zealand, with 465,863 hectares bought in 2016, an almost sixfold increase on the year before. That

13、 is the _9_ to 3.2% of farmland in a country of 4.7 million people.Despite this apparent boom, official statistics show that of the 48,603 property transfers registered by the government in the three montto June, just 3% were buyers with an _10_ tax residency.The bulk of those buyers were Chinese ma

14、inlanders, followed by Australians. Tax residents of the UK, US and Hong Kong were also among the biggest buyers of property.【答案】CGIJF BHADK【词汇解析】1. equivalentn. 等价物，相等物adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的2. tacklen. 滑车；装备；用具；扭倒vi. 扭倒；拦截抢球vt. 处理；抓住；固定；与交涉【易混淆词】track：n. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道 vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行；用纤拉 vi. 追踪；走；留下足迹3. re

15、strictionn. 限制；约束；束缚【拓展】restrict: v. n. 限制；约束；束缚4. reputationn. 名声，名望，名誉【拓展】 live up to ones reputation 不负众望5. snap up抢购，匆匆吃下 【例句】And hestellinghisfollowerstosnapupsharesimmediately.他敬告他的追随者要立即抢购这家公司的股票.6. property财产，性能，性质，所有权【例句】If this is true, there is no particular reason to hope that more educa

16、tion will lead to a more democratic world.假如真是这样的话，就不存在特别的原因希望更好的教育导致一个更加民主的世界。【试题解析】1. to后面加动词原形，后面的名词是crisis,所以用tackle处理。2. 做prices rises的后置定语，所以选done，根据句意，由外国投资者造成的，所以选择driven.3. 空格应该填一个形容词，D和I里面选择，I更符合。4. 做Americans的后置定语，表示主动，所以在H和J里面选择，J更符合。5. 空格应该填写done的形式，只有F符合6. 空格应该填写一个副词，只有B和E符合，这里解释为越来越多的

17、抢购，所以选择B。7. 分析成分，是个非谓语，逻辑主语是后面的人，Robert， 所以是主动，选择H8. 加名词，后面又有个in，表示对。感兴趣9. The后面加名词，后面有个to ,所以填写D加形容词，后面是tax，应该是海外的税收，所以选择K知识精讲：长难句解析（一）By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass; 57 million are killed on

18、highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants.【难点解析】状语是句中非常灵活、应用非常广泛的句子成分。本句属于并列复合句，由分号隔开，有多个并列分句，其中 when 从句，整个从句做第一个

19、子句的时间状语，属于状语从句；在每个并列句中，状语的类型较多，如 by contrast，是对整句的一个解释说明，“对比之下”，可以划分为句子的评注性状语，如 in the United States, each year, by transmission and distribution 等分别做地点状语、时间状语、方式状语等等。练习时，可将此句作为状语基本知识练习巩固之用。分清楚每个结构的对应成分以及每个成分在句中所起作用，能够帮助更好理解句子，夯实基础，掌握句子成分基本涵义。整个句子的状语使用：By contrast, 状语 in the United States 状语 an esti

20、mated 97 million birds are killed each year 状语 when they collide with buildings made of plate glass 状语; 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually 状 语 from pollution and poisoning 状 语 ; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year 状语 by transmission and distri

21、bution lines 状语 carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants.【参考翻译】相比之下，据估计，美国每年有 9700 万只鸟由于碰撞到建筑物的厚玻璃板而死亡；5700万只鸟死在高速公路上；每年至少有 380 万只鸟死于污染或中毒；而且，每年数以百万计的鸟类在核电厂和燃煤电厂的输电及配电电缆上触电而死。【成分划分】并列句By contrast, 状语 in the United States 状语 an estimated 定语 97 million birds 主语 are killed 谓语 each year.

22、 状语状语从句They 主语 collide with 谓语 buildings 宾语 made of plate glass. 定语并列句57 million 主语 are killed 谓语 on highways each year. 状语并列句At least 状语 3.8 million 主语 die 谓语 annually 状语 from pollution and poisoning. 状语并列句Millions of birds 主语 are electrocuted 谓语 each year 状语 by transmission and distribution lines

23、状语 carrying power 定语 produced by nuclear and coal power plants. 定语长难句解析（二）For instance, if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a couple of friends who like it and memorize it, possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves, one of them might forget some of the words and make u

24、p new ones to fill the gap, while the other, perhaps more artistic, might add a few decorative touches to the tune and improve a couple of lines of text.【难点解析】本句的难点在于整个句子中，有多个从句，其中开头的 if 引导的从句 （if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a couple of friends who like it and memorize it），在

25、整个句子中做状语，是（虚拟）条件状语从句；后面 when 从句（when the friends come to sing it themselves）做整个句子的时间状语，属于时间状语从句；在句子的结尾部分，while 这个词可能会对句子理解造成障碍，这里的 while 并非引导状语从句，而是一个表示并列关系的连词，再加上指示代词 the other，与上文的 one of them 相对应，所以可以判断 while 从句（while the other, perhaps more artistic, might add a few decorative touches to the tun

26、e and improve a couple of lines of text.）是并列句，而非状语从句。整个句子中的状语使用：For instance, 状语 if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a couple of friends 状语 who like it and memorize it, possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves, 状语 one of them might forget some of the words and make up

27、 new ones to fill the gap, 状语 while the other, perhaps more artistic, might add a few decorative touches to the tune and improve a couple of lines of text.【参考翻译】例如，假设一个农场工人编了一首歌，并唱给喜欢这首歌的几个朋友听，他们会记住这首歌，可能也会自己哼唱这首歌，其中一个朋友可能会忘记某些歌词并自己新编一些歌词来补救，而更有艺术感的朋友可能会在曲调中再加一些点缀的技巧并改进一下歌词。【成分划分】并列句One of them 主语 m

28、ight forget 谓语 some of the words 宾语 and 连接词 make up 谓语 new ones 宾语 to fill the gap. 状语并列句The other, 主语 perhaps more artistic, 定语 might add 谓语 a few decorative touches 宾语 to the tune 状语 and 连接词 improve 谓语 a couple of 定语 lines of text. 宾语状语从句A farm laborer 主语 were to make up 谓语 a song 宾语 and 连接词 sing

29、谓语 it IO to a couple of friends. 状语定语从句Friends 主语 like 谓语 it 宾语 and 连接词 memorize 谓语 it. 宾语状语从句The friends 主语 come to sing 谓语 it 宾语 themselves. 状语长难句解析（三）Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that since the early

30、 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period.【难点解析】这个长难句，第一个难点在于在句子的主语 wild life z

31、oologist Hulmut Buechner 和谓语says 之间，有一个非常长的非谓语结构， in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, 是一个表示伴随的状语；状语使用的第二个难点，在宾语从句（since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximatel

32、y 320,000 deer）中，than at any other time in its history 和 the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer 两个结构都是状语，前者是比较状语，“比以往任何历史时期都多“，后者由有独立主格的非谓语结构来做状语。整个句子的状语使用：Wild life zoologist Hulmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded

33、 time, 状语 says that since the early 1940s, 状语 the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer 状语 (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite per

34、iod. 状语【参考翻译】在回顾华盛顿地区有史以来生物变化的特性时，野生动物学家 Hulmut Buechner(1953)说道：“自从 20 世纪 40 年代早期以后，华盛顿州（黑尾）鹿的数量比以往任何历史时期都多，冬季鹿群的数量在大约 32 万只鹿（杂交的鹿和黑尾鹿）左右波动，每年，这些鹿群将会不定期繁殖出各个年龄段的公鹿和母鹿各大约 6.5 万只。【成分划分】定语从句These deer 主语 will yield 谓语 about 65,000 of either sex and any age 宾语 annually 状语 for an indefinite period. 状语主句

35、Wild life zoologist 主语 Hulmut Buechner(1953), 同位语 in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, 状语 says 谓语 something. 宾语宾语从句Since the early 1940s, 状语 the state 主语 has had 谓语 more deer 宾语 than at any other time in its history 状语, the winter population fluctuating arou

36、nd approximately 320,000 deer 状语 (mule and black-tailed deer). 同位语考纲话题：科普知识与现代技术（一）Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conf

37、erring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has

38、 removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of

39、 electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform. some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utilit

40、y, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge. While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, we cant yet give a robot enoug

41、h common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of th

42、e human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than pr

43、eviously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing o

44、n the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it.1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in _.A the use of machi

45、nes to produce science fiction.B the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.2. The word gizmos (paragraph 2) most probably means _.A. programs B. experts C. devices D. creatur

46、es3.According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can _.A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB. interact with human beings orallyC. have a little common senseD. respond independently to a changing world4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can a

47、lso.A. make a few decisions for themselvesB. deal with some errors with human interventionC. improve factory environments D. cultivate human creativity5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.A. expected to copy human brain in internal structureB. able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant informationD. best used in a controlled environment答案详解及答对率1