Unit 3 Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction课件-（2022）新北师大版《高中英语》选择性必修第一册(001).zip

1、Lesson 1 P52-55新新北师大选择性必修北师大选择性必修Book 1 Unit 3 CONSERVATIONDodo(渡渡鸟渡渡鸟),extinct flightless bird of Mauritius(an island of the Indian Ocean).It was first seen by Portuguese sailors in 1507 and exterminated by humans and their introduced animals.The dodo was extinct in 1680.Passenger pigeon(北美候鸽北美候鸽),

2、migratory bird hunted to extinction by humans.From 1870 the decline of the species became precipitous,and it was officially classified as extinct when the last known representative died on September 1,1914 in the Cincinnati(Ohio)Zoo.Hawaian chaff flower(夏威夷牛膝草夏威夷牛膝草)was everywhere on the beaches of

3、Hawaii in the 1950s and 1960s.Unfortunately,Hawaii has become a popular destination.The shrubby plants habitat has been eroded by hotels,apartments and tourist developments,leaving it extinct in a short period of time(extinct in 1990).Pyrenean ibex(比利牛斯山羊比利牛斯山羊),once commonly found in Southern Franc

4、e,Northern Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains,was one of the four subspecies of Iberian wild goat or Spanish ibex.They were found in huge numbers even a few hundred years ago.However,by 1900 the numbers went down to less than 100,and after 1910,the number never went up above 40.The last Pyrenean ibex

5、 was Celia,a female,found dead in the year 2000.Do you know any other extinct animals?Share in class.1How much do you know about extinction?Choose the option based on your knowledge.1.How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out?a.Once b.Five times c.More than 10 times2.About what pe

6、rcent of all species on Earth became extinct during the mass extinction known as the“Great Dying”?a.Less than 10%b.Nearly 50%c.More than 90%3.What do scientists think will cause the next mass extinction?a.Human activity b.Natural causesc.Unknown reasons2Read a text about extinction.Then check your a

7、nswers in Activity 1.Fill in the blanks according to the passage.Extinctions are not _ in our Earths _.In reality,there have been five times when life on Earth has almost _.Many _ say we are now faced with the Earths sixth mass _,which is caused mainly by human _.Meanwhile,if we take measures to pro

8、tect the planet we live on,it is not yet too late to _ a sixth extinction.unusual history ended scientists extinction activities avoidWhat is the text type of the passage?A.Narration(记叙文记叙文).B.Argumentative Essay(议论文议论文).C.Expository Writing(说明文说明文).D.News Report(新闻报道新闻报道).Whats the main idea of thi

9、s passage?_ are not unusual in our Earths history.But we human beings can take action to _we live on to avoid a sixth extinction.Extinctions stop destroying the planet 3Read the text.Complete the notes.Then talk about the different aspects of extinctions.ExtinctionMeaning of extinction:_The number o

10、f extinctions occurred so far:_entire species are wiped out over 90%of all species that ever lived Two notable extinctions and their consequences:_Main reasons that cause extinctions:_the third mass extinction,killed 90%to 96%of all species;the fifth event,which occured 66 million years ago,caused t

11、he death of the dinosaursvolcanic eruptions,asteroids hitting the Earth from space,changes in sea levels,the decrease of oxygen content of the sea,global warming How to avoid the sixth mass extinction:_change the way we live,including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protecte

12、d;change how we work and travel by using cleaner,more natural sources of energy;improve our farmingmethods 4 Read again.Answer the questions.1.What did scientists find out in 2015?2.Why does the writer think the sixth mass extinction will come?The study found that how quickly species die out due to

13、natural causes,that is,the“background extinction rate”.They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1000 times faster than normal.Because human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants.3.Why does the writer believe well probably die out

14、 if 75%of the Earths species die out?Because our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.People protected Old Blues eggs,helped them to hatch,and took care of the chicks.People are restoring their habitats and removing pests like mice and cats from the islands

15、where they live.The case study showed that even in desperate situations,we can do something to help.In short,its never too late.4.What did people do in the case study to protect black robins?Which claim(s)did the case study support in the text?5Group Work.Think and share.1.Use different coloured pen

16、s to highlight at least one example for each of the elements listed below in different colours.Then find out(1)what typical language is used?(2)What text type is this piece of writing?(3)What is its communicative purpose?facts reasonsopinions/preidctionssolutionsFacts:over 90%of all species that eve

17、r lived are extinct;the“Great Dying”,which killed 90%to 96%of all species;human activity is causing species to die out 1000 times faster than normal.Reasons:air and water pollution,forest being destroyed,factory farming and overfishing are causing species to die out;without forests,we would have no

18、air to breathe and without clean water we would be unable to survive.(1)What typical language is used?Opinions/predictions:many scientists say we are now entering the Earths sixth mass extinction;scientists believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.Solutions:we need to

19、take steps to save endangered species,including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected;we need to change how we work and travel.;we also need to improve our farming methods.This piece of writing is an exposition.(2)What text type is this piece of writing?(3)What is its co

20、mmunicative purpose?Its purpose is to explain what the sixth extinction is and its effects and call on people to take action to prevent it from happening.2.What ways of argument does the writer use to convince readers?Are you convinced?Why or why not?The writer uses ways such as citing ideas from ex

21、perts or authorities,giving examples and using data.I believe that if we take action now it is not too late to save other species from extinction.The black robin was saved from extinction when only five birds remained,so I think it is possible to save any species if we act right now.6Use the adjecti

22、ves and nouns to make meaningful expressions.Then use each expression to make a sentence.Write the sentences in the space provided.entireendangeredsignificantnaturalmasssolarchangeresourceextinctionspeciesenergyanimal+=endangered animalsentire speciesnatural resourcessignificant changemass extinctio

23、nsolar energyFor example:We need to take action to protect endangered animals.7Complete the paragraph about extinction using the correct form of the phrases below.die out be known as have affected depend on wipe out take steps take action set up take care ofIn the last 500 million years,there have b

24、een five mass extinction events on Earth.In the third event,which 1._ the“Great Dying”,90%to 96%of all species 2._.Of course,species died out due to many causes.But nowadays,human activity 3._ all types of species that we 4._ for living.We need to 5._ to avoid the sixth mass extinction.We should 6._

25、 to save endangered animals and plants,and 7._ special areas to 8._ them before the next extinction comes that may 9._the entire species.is known as died out has effected depend on take action take steps set up take care of wipe out 新北师大选择性必修新北师大选择性必修Book 1 Unit 3 CONSERVATIONLanguage points P52-53课

26、文回顾：These include the third mass extinction,known as the“Great Dying”,which killed 90%to 96%of all species.句意：这包括第三次大规模的灭绝，也就是众句意：这包括第三次大规模的灭绝，也就是众所周知的所周知的“大灭亡大灭亡”，导致了，导致了90%到到 96%的所的所有物种的灭绝。有物种的灭绝。known as the“Great Dying”为过去分词短语为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰作后置定语，修饰extinction,与与extinction存在存在逻辑上的动宾关系。逻辑上的动宾关系。不定

27、式作后置定语表示动作尚未发生；现在分不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未发生；现在分词作后置定语表示主动，进行；过去分词作后词作后置定语表示主动，进行；过去分词作后置定语表示被动，完成。置定语表示被动，完成。例句：例句：1.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.由研究人员雇佣的一位演员首先抓起了她的食物。由研究人员雇佣的一位演员首先抓起了她的食物。2.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t

28、o 180 pounds.但是在一半的情况下她穿着一件特制的使她的体但是在一半的情况下她穿着一件特制的使她的体重增加到重增加到180磅的肥胖的衣服。磅的肥胖的衣服。随堂练随堂练1.I dont know a man _(name)Jason.2.The doctor advised her to change her _(eat)habit to keep healthy.3.The boy _(read)in the classroom is my best friend.4.The painting _(draw)by my uncle won the first prise.namede

29、atingreadingdrawnThe reasons for extinctions are varied.句意：物种灭绝的原因各种各样的。句意：物种灭绝的原因各种各样的。1.varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的各种各样的，形形色色的2.vary vt.&vi.有差异，变化有差异，变化vary between.and.由由到到不等不等vary from.to.不同于不同于3.variety n.品种，变化品种，变化a variety of 各种各样的各种各样的,多种多样的多种多样的4.various adj.不同的，各种各样的不同的，各种各样的variously adv.不同地不同

30、地例句：例句：1.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu.餐馆里除了菜单上各种各样的的饭菜可供选择餐馆里除了菜单上各种各样的的饭菜可供选择之外，顾客还可以选择音乐。之外，顾客还可以选择音乐。2.Upon entering the farm,we were attracted by its cleanness and rich varieties of fruit.一走进农场，我们就被它干净的环境和种类繁一走进农场，我们就被它干净的环境和种类繁多的水果吸引了。多

31、的水果吸引了。3.Prices vary according to the quantity ordered.价格随订购数量不同而有所变化。价格随订购数量不同而有所变化。随堂练随堂练1.Ocean colour _ from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.2.Being the target of rude behaviour reduces peoples performance on a _ of tasks.3.Opening and organizing microblogs

32、 need _ abilities such as writing,designing,being skillful at computer and so on.4.The work of a Justice of the Peace is very interesting and _.variesvarietyvarious/variedvariedThis time,human activity will be to blame.句意：这一次，主要责任将在于人类活动。句意：这一次，主要责任将在于人类活动。blame vt.责怪，职责责怪，职责blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某

33、人因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人be to blame 把把归咎于；应负责任，应受归咎于；应负责任，应受责备责备put/lay the blame on sb.把责任归咎于某人把责任归咎于某人例句：例句：1.Our task now is not to blame the past,but to plan for the future.我们现在的任务不是埋怨过去，而是规划未来。我们现在的任务不是埋怨过去，而是规划未来。2.If your children dont behave as you tell them,dont put all the

34、 blame on them.如果你的孩子不像你告诉他们的那样举止得体，如果你的孩子不像你告诉他们的那样举止得体，不要完全归咎于他们。不要完全归咎于他们。随堂练随堂练一句多译。一句多译。他把他失败的责任归咎于父母。他把他失败的责任归咎于父母。1._.2._.3._.He blamed his failure on his parentsHe blamed his parents for his failureHe put/lay the blame for his failure on his parentsAlthough it is not unusual for species to d

35、ie out naturally,the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.句意：虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现句意：虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在的灭绝速度让人担忧。在的灭绝速度让人担忧。die out 消失；绝迹；灭绝消失；绝迹；灭绝die down 平息，逐渐消失，熄灭平息，逐渐消失，熄灭die away 消逝，平息，静下来消逝，平息，静下来die for/to do sth.迫切想要某物迫切想要某物/做某事做某事die from 由于由于而死而死（死于外部因素，（死于外部因素，如抽烟，酗酒等）如抽烟，

36、酗酒等）die of 由于由于而死而死（死于内部因素，如（死于内部因素，如饥饿，疾病，年老等）饥饿，疾病，年老等）例句：例句：1.The wind died away in the evening.风在傍晚时停了下来。风在傍晚时停了下来。2.He waited until the excitement died down.他一直等着，直到兴奋的感觉平息下来。他一直等着，直到兴奋的感觉平息下来。3.It was clear he was dying to have his portrait painted.很显然，他迫切地想让人为他画一幅肖像画。很显然，他迫切地想让人为他画一幅肖像画。随堂练随堂

37、练1.The applause died _ and the actors were able to continue.2.Im dying _a cup of coffee.3.She was dying _(know)where he had been.4.Many old customs are gradually dying _.5.His father died _ starvation during the war.away/downforto knowoutof新北师大选择性必修新北师大选择性必修Book 1Book 1 Unit 3 CONSERVATIONGrammar P5

38、5Lead-inRead the dialogues and pay attention to the relative clauses.Do you know the girl who is reading under the tree?Oh,yes.She is our classmate whose mother is a teacher.Have you seen the book that I bought yesterday?Do you mean the book that was on the table?Complete the sentences with correct

39、words.1.Do you know the boy _ is talking with the teacher on campus?2.This is the question _ confused us.3.She bought the same coat _ I did last week.who/thatthat/whichasSummaryRelative Clause 定语从句定语从句Defining relative clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句Non-defining relative clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句从

40、句必不可少，否则先行词的意思不明确，从句必不可少，否则先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整，与先行词之间不用逗号。主句也不完整，与先行词之间不用逗号。例句：例句：Mary is a girl who has long hair.Id like to see the films that are just on show.2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。般用逗号同主句分开。例句：例句：George,who is my clas

41、smate,has won a scholarship.Lucy,whose father is a fencer,is enthusiastic about sport.3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.从句与从句与先行词的先行词的关系关系对先行词起修饰对先行词起修饰作用作用对先行词起补充说对先行词起补充说明作用明作用2.标点标点从句和主句之间从句和主句之间不用逗号分开不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开常用逗号分开3.关系代关系代词词指人指人who(tha

42、t),whom;指物指物which(that);人和物人和物whose关系代词在从句关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省中作宾语可以省略略指人指人who(作主语作主语),whom(作宾语作宾语);指物指物which;人和物人和物whose关系代词一般不可省关系代词一般不可省略略4.修饰修饰从句只修饰名词从句只修饰名词或代词或代词从句可以修饰名词或从句可以修饰名词或代词也可以修饰整个代词也可以修饰整个句子句子限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句随堂练随堂练1.He has two sons,_ work in the company.2.The man _ is walking

43、in the playground is my old friend.3.There is no simple answer,_ is often the case in science.4.Do you know the reason _ he was absent?whowhoaswhy8Read the sentences and discuss which word(s)and clauses(in italics)refer to.1.Extinctions,where entire species are wiped out,are not unusual in our Earth

44、s history.()refers to extinctions2.These include the third mass extinction,known as the“Great Dying”,which killed 90%to 96%of all species.()refers to“Great Dying”Practice3.A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US,looked at how quickly species die ou

45、t due to natural causes.()refers to scientists4.If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.()refers to scientists5.We need to take steps to save endangered species,including setting up special areas

46、where plants and animals can be protected.()refers to special areasWhich of the clauses above:(1)give information to identify the persons/objects.()(2)give extra information about a person or a thing,which can be left out.()defining clausenon-defining clause9Underline the relative clauses in the sen

47、tences and decide if they are defining(D)or non-defining(ND).Translate them into Chinese.Discuss the difference in meaning between the two types of relative clauses.1.He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.()2.The bus which was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of

48、 Pisa.()DD3.Melissa lent me some money,which was very generous of her.()4.The ground is covered with snow and ice,which makes driving very dangerous.()5.I met the famous professor in the hotel,where the meeting was held.()NDNDNDTry to translate the sentences into Chinese by yourself.10Group Work.Choose two or three environmental problems that are caused by human activity.Offer solutions.Try to use relative clauses where appropriate.Thank you！