Unit 10 Lesson 1 Grammar课件 -（2022）新北师大版《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、To learn about and practise the past passive被动语态被动语态英语英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。以下几种情况常用被动语态以下几种情况常用被动语态：1)不知道或没有必要指出谁不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；是动作的执行者；2)为了为了强调动作的承受强调动作的承受者；者；3)主语主语有较长的修饰语时有较长的修饰语时；4)通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。通知、公告，新闻报道和科技报道等。时

2、态时态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成例句例句一般过去时一般过去时was/were+过去分过去分词词I was invited to the talk show yesterday.过去进行时过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词过去分词The roads were being built when I passed by.过去完成时过去完成时had been+过去分过去分词词 All the tickets had been sold out before I arrived.过去时中的被动语态结构：过去时中的被动语态结构：Read the sentences.Underline th

3、e passive forms.What tense is used in each sentence?1.The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.2.In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically.3.Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact

4、of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.past simple passivepast simple passivepast perfect passivepast simple passive观察观察归纳归纳4.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.5.Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.pas

5、t simple passivepast continuous passive特殊特殊结构的被动形式结构的被动形式1.双宾动词的被动结构双宾动词的被动结构 双双宾动词变为被动结构时宾动词变为被动结构时,一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语为被动结构中的主语,直接宾语不变直接宾语不变。如如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,间接宾间接宾语之前则应加介词语之前则应加介词to或或for。e.g.He gave her some money.She was given some money.Some money w

6、as given to her.2.带复合宾语的动词的被动结构带复合宾语的动词的被动结构 带带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,一般将主动结构中的宾语一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语变为被动结构中的主语,而将宾语补足语保留不动而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语宾语补足语为主语补足语)。e.g.His father called him Jack.He was called Jack by his father.3.带情态动词的被动语态，由带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词情态动词+be+及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词”构成。构成。e.

7、g.The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.In our school,library books must be returned in two weeks.4.“be+过去分词过去分词+不定式不定式”式的被动结构式的被动结构 e.g.He is reported to have broken a world record.She is said to know three languages.5.“It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句”式的被动结构式的被动结构 e.g.Its said that she has so

8、me supernatural powers.Its reported that they have discovered a new star.常见的结构还有：常见的结构还有：It is known that.众所周知众所周知It is suggested that.有人建议有人建议It is believed that.人们相信人们相信6.“get+done”构成被动语态构成被动语态 用来表示状态或情况用来表示状态或情况,常见的常见的形式如：形式如：get married 结婚结婚 get engaged 订婚订婚 get hurt/wounded 受伤受伤 get lost 迷路迷路 g

9、et drunk 喝醉了喝醉了 get caught/stuck/trapped 被困被困 get dressed 穿好衣服穿好衣服 get run over 被被(车车)轧轧1)某些某些连系动词，如连系动词，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste 等等。e.g.The food tasted better than it looked.2)某些某些与与cant,wont 等连用的不及物动词，如等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等。等。e.g.It cant move.The door wont shut.主动形式表示被动意义主动形式表示

10、被动意义3)某些可与某些可与well,easily 等副词连用的不及物动词，如等副词连用的不及物动词，如read,write,wash 等。等。e.g.My new pen writes well.The cloth doesnt wash easily.4)在在be worth doing 和和be to blame 结构中，动词结构中，动词-ing 形式或形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.The film is well worth seeing.The policy is partly to blame for causing the wo

11、rst unemployment in Europe.5)当当want,need,require 表示表示“需要需要”时，其宾语可用时，其宾语可用动词动词 -ing形式形式的主动形式表示被动意义。的主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.The carpet really wants cleaning(=to be cleaned).Most house plants require watering(=to be watered).Read the description of a Six Degrees of Separation experiment.Use the correct form of

12、 the verbs in brackets to complete the passage.We l_(give)the task of finding out whether the Six Degrees of Separation theory worked at our school.We 2._(tell)about the Small-world experiment in the United States,where packages 3_(send)from one person to another with the aim ofwere givenwere told b

13、een senthadgetting it to a stranger in the end.While the idea behind this experiment 4_(discuss)in our group,it 5_(suggest)to us by our teacher that we try something similar.So we did.We couldnt send parcels,but we could send letters.Ten volunteers 6_(choose)to take part and they 7_(ask)to write a l

14、etter of introduction to another person in the school that they didnt know and then to choose someone who they thought 8 _(connect)to that person to give it to.was being discussedwas suggestedwere chosenwere askedwas connectedAfter all the letters 9_(exchange)several times,seven out of the ten targe

15、t people did receive their letters with chains of five or six people in each case!We think this means that our experiment was a success and it supports the theory.were exchanged用所给词的正确形式填空。用所给词的正确形式填空。1.The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history.It _ (bui

16、ld)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复修复).(2021全国高考甲卷全国高考甲卷)2.Marys niece wrote,“The little home _ (paint)white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it”(2021浙江卷浙江卷)was builtwas painted选用括号内合适的内容完成下面句子或对话。选用括号内合适的内容完成下面句子或对话。1.Letters _(are sent,wil

17、l be sent)by the postman at 8 every day.2.This bag _(was found,found)on the bus yesterday.3.The dress _(doesnt wash,cant be washed)in hot water.4.This tower _(has not been rebuilt,has not rebuilt)since the 1930s.are sent was foundcant be washed has not been rebuilt5.The machine _(was being tested,te

18、sted)just when the manager came.6.The new plan _(will announce,will be announced)in two days.7.Look!Your car _(is being lifted,is lifting)off the ground.8.When I stopped,my car _(hit,was hit)from behind.9.What were you doing at 11 oclock?We _(were being interviewed,were interviewing)by a reporter.wa

19、s being tested were being interviewedwill be announced is being lifted was hit Do you have a friend or a classmate with whom youvelost contact for long?Write his/her name in the last circle of the following chart and write down your plan to get in touch with him/her.How many steps might you take to reach him/her?Try to use past passive in your writing.