1、UNIT 10 CONNECTIONSLESSON 1 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE?Pre-readingIPost-readingIVFast readingIILanguage and grammar VIII Careful reading Homework目录页contentsPre-readingPre-reading:Activate and shareHow many contacts do you have on social media?How many people do you regularly communicate with?Fast
2、readingRead the first two paragraphs of the article on the theory“Six Degrees of Separation”.What does it mean and who invented this theory?The theory states that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.The theory was first introduce
3、d by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy,in the early 20th century.Fast reading:Read and exploreCareful reading1967Mid-1990s20032011WhoHowFindings/resultsCareful reading:Complete the table1967Mid-1990s20032011WhoCareful reading:Complete the tableStanley MilgramTwo college students in the United States
4、the University of MilanColumbia University1967Mid-1990sHow Careful reading:Complete the tableHe chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.They invented a game,The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevi
5、n Bacon,a famous American actor and musician,through no more than six links.20032011HowCareful reading:Complete the table“Columbia Small-world Project”:Columbia University tried to recreate Milgrams experiment on the Internet.The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 di
6、fferent countries.The experiment analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users.1967Mid-1990sFindings/resultsCareful reading:Complete the tableIt only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered.The game was being played in universities across the United States.
7、20032011Findings/resultsCareful reading:Complete the tableThe results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.92%were connected by only four stages.“Six Degrees of Separation”What does it mean?When did the term first appear?What happened in the 1950s?What did Stanley Milgram
8、do?Careful readingExplain the“Six Degrees of Separation”theory.“Six Degrees of Separation”How many people did it take for the parcel to reach the right person in Milgrams experiment?How did it influence the entertainment industry?What is the“Columbia Small-world Project”?What was the result of the U
9、niversity of Milans research?Careful readingWhat does it mean?Careful readingExplain the“Six Degrees of Separation”theory.Meaning:It refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any person through a chain of no more than five other people.When did the term first appear?The first
10、 appearance:In the 1920s.Careful readingExplain the“Six Degrees of Separation”theory.What happened in the 1950s?In the 1950s,scientist made an attempt to prove the theory.What did Stanley Milgram do?In 1967,Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory called“small-world problem”.Caref
11、ul readingExplain the“Six Degrees of Separation”theory.What is the“Columbia Small-world Project”?What was the result of the University of Milans research?“Columbia Small-world Project”:Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram experiment on the Internet.An experiment at University of Milan:92%of
12、 media users were connected by only four stages,or five degrees of separation.Post-reading1.Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments“Small-world”?Post-readingGroup Work Think and share.(Ex5)Because they believed that any person on Earth couldbe connected to any other pers
13、on through a chain of no more than five other people.In this sense the worldis small.Post-readingGroup Work Think and share.(Ex5)2.Why do you think people study how people are connected?Probably people want to study the structures of human society,the rules of human social activities,and how people
14、are connected with each other.HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE?Post-reading:SummaryP1 Lead-inPost-reading:SummaryP2-6 The Development of the theory(Para.2)Karinthy first put forward the concept(Para.3)different attempts to prove and test the theory(Para.4)reappearance of the theory(Para.5)“Columbia Smal
15、l-world Project”(Para.6)an experiment at the University of Milan Introduce the theory of“Six Degrees of Separation”.P7 Conclusion We might be connected to someone we dont know.VIHomeworkHomework Discuss and decide what experiment you can carry out to find out how many degrees of separation there are between people who dont know each other.Consider:1.How many people will participate in the experiment?2.How will you find out the results of the experiment?
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