语法长难句2课件.ppt

1、名词性从句名词性从句1.That many hands make light work is a well-known saying.2.I realized at once that I had made a mistake.3.The importance of love is that it make us know how to love.4.The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.名词从句的引导词名词从句的引导词 对应的句子类型对应的句子类型 是否做成分是否做成分 连词that 陈述句 tha

2、t在从句中不作成分(只起连接作用，后接陈述句)幻灯片 1连词whether,if 一般疑问句 幻灯片 3whether,if在从句中不作成分 连接副when,where,why,how；连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose 特殊疑问句 幻灯片 3when,where,why,how在从句中作状语；who,whom,what在从句中作主语，宾语或补语；which,whose在从句中作定语，后面接名词 名词性从句的连接词连接词：I ask you.Do you love me?=I ask you you love me whether/ifWhen do you get m

3、arried?I am not sure of it.=I am not sure of when we get married.主语从句主语从句1.That the sea are being overfished has been known for years.2.Whether money can bring happiness or not depends on how one earns and spends it.3.What makes life dreary is the want of motive.That 引导的主语从句在很多情况下，用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将主语

4、从句放到句末。That the sea are being overfished has been known for years.It has been known for years that the sea are being overfished.考研当常见的考研当常见的it 主语从句的形式：主语从句的形式：1）It+过去分词+that从句Its reported that Its believed thatIt is generally thought that It should be noticed that It has been found that It must be p

5、ointed out thatSay,expect,estimate,know,forecast2）It is+形容词形容词+that从句It is clear（显然）/possible or likely（很可能）/natural（很自然）/certain（可以相信）/strange（奇怪的是）/fortunate（幸运的是）/necessary（有必要 that.3）It is+名词短语名词短语+that从句 It is a pity that.可惜的是 It is a fact that.事实是 It is good news that.真是太好了 It is a good thing

6、that.真是件好事 It is no wonder that.难怪 It is a shame that.遗憾的是，真是太不像话了 It is an honor that.真荣幸 It is common knowledge that.是常识 It is my belief that.我相信 It is a miracle that.真是奇迹It is a truth universally acknowledged that,a single man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.-傲慢与偏见4）It+不

7、及物动词不及物动词+that从句It seems（似乎）/follows（因此，由此可见）/happens（碰巧）/turns out（结果证明是）/comes about（结果是）that.5）其他重要结构It dawns upon/on sb.that某人突然想起It occurs to sb.that某人突然想起 It makes no difference that无所谓 It doesnt need to be bothered that不必担忧 It is of little consequence that无关紧要真题例句：It is generally agreed that

8、a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp readily,make distinctions,reason logically,and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols to solve problems.（92年 翻译）作业；When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.(0

9、1 Text 5）he was ill yesterday is known now.That that引导主语从句放在句首时，that不可省，但在句末口语中可省。2.连词whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.练习：How

10、 well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends on the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.表语从句I love you.You are my love.My idea is that he can teach children English in this school.The question

11、 is whether we shall run out of food soon.That is how Annie came to be with us.表语从句标志：表语从句标志：Be 动词动词+that从句从句表语从句需要注意的问题：Tip：That 引导表语从句的时候，一般情况下that 不能省略；My advice is that you to apologize to him.A.Go B.Had gone C.did go D.Should go 当句子的主语是：advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,

12、order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等名词时，表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should+do。真题例句：The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education-not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.宾语从句宾语从句She s

13、aid that she would never fall in love with anybody.They may not care if/whether we see them but they also may not care to say“hello”.She asked him which platform the train leaved from.His father is worried about whether he loses his work.-v+that 从句Do you remember all those years when scientists argu

14、ed that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure.(2005 Text 2)宾语从句考研难点透析：There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or,alternately,do much to protect our diminis

15、hing resources.There are those+who consider it questionable+thatThere are those who consider(that )questionable.=宾语从句的后置的几种情况：宾语从句的后置的几种情况：1.动词+介词短语+宾语从句Widely acknowledged as a great and important playwright,Eugene ONeil brought to the United States stage what was probably its first really serious

16、drama.brought to the united stats stage What 固定搭配：elect as;bringto;defineas;recommendto;extractfrom 练习：I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problem.(06 翻译）It is worrisome that society is medi

17、calizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.(06 新题型）2.动词+宾补+宾语从句Many people consider impossible what really is possible.Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture”,like the concept f“set”in mathematics,is an

18、abstract concept which makes possible immense amount of concrete research and understanding.(03 翻译）3.动词+it+宾补+宾语从句They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.It=that they do an important and necessary jobThe panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial qu

19、estion,however,whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.(98 年 Text4）宾语从句中“that”的省略问题：1.I didnt know(that)he was Li Lei.但跟在介词expect,in 后面的宾语从句，that不能省略I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill.2.动词+it形式宾语+宾语补足语+that从句”，

20、此时的that不能省。The boy has made it clear that they cant play with his toys.3动词advise,ask,demand,desire,insist(坚决主张),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should)+do的形式。He asked that we（should）get there before nine oclock.他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。The teacher advised us that we（should）not waste our tim

21、e.老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。同位语从句：The news that China has joined the WTO excites us all.He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon.The news=that China has joined the WTOThe truth=that he fell down from his bike this afternoon.当名词后面所接的从句是对该名词的解释和说明，等于该名词的实际内容，这样的从句，我们称之为“同位语从句”。它一般跟在抽象名词

22、：fact，idea，news，hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,instruction,reason,information,question等。同位语从句也可由whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导，但不常用。There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the vario

23、us branches of historical inquiry.(1999)Concerns were raised_ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.（A.what B.when C.which D.that ）Tip：同位语从句考研中常见结构：1.名词+that+陈述句Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6

24、months old.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.(2005)2.名词+whether/连接代词/连接副词+陈述句The debate whether there should be more free sports facilities for the public continued.3.名词+其他成分+that从句1.表示“命令、建议、要求”advice,

25、demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气同位语从句注意事项：He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college.2.和定语从句的区别：The news that he had been back surprised us all.The news that he told us sur

26、prised us all.a.定从-修饰；同从-解释说明b.That 在定从充当成分；而that 在同从补不充当任何成分；c.That在定从中充当宾语时，可省略；但是在同从中that 不能省略。名词性从句嵌套：1)I realized that what I said was not exactly what I meant to say.2)The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice.Prof.Lees book will show you can be used in other contexts.

27、A.that you have observed B.that how you have observed C.How that you have observed D.how what you have observedwhat we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require“general

28、intelligence”.（1992）在英语中，有N个谓语动词，就对应N-1个连词以及N-1个从句连词与动词的配比原则：练习：1）on the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.2)Initially I had doubted their claim,knowing for a fact that the center was located somewhere in New England.3)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.