1、第3单元 数词句视译英汉汉英视译教程上篇 英译汉第1页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译 n 从人们的日常生活到政治、经济等专业领域,数字发挥着不可替代的作用。无论是表示数目的多少,还是事物排列的顺序,数字使人类的社会活动和思想表达精确化,因而有时数词翻译错误会铸成大错。无论翻译经验丰富与否,译员,尤其是口译员,在处置数词时需慎之又慎。英语的数量表达与汉语有所不同,其实质是两种语言的思维方式存在鲜明差异,这就给翻译,尤其是需要瞬时完成的口译造成很大困难,同声传译时的数字翻译更是难上加难。对于口译学生来说,在学习数词视译的同时还应该关注其他众多的量词,因为口译时各种量词所构成的翻译难度并不亚于数词
2、本身。关于英汉数词的差异,以及各种数词形态在此不作赘述。建议口译初学者参考有关书籍,如语法书籍。第2页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译n 首先,应分类汇集各种数词,如基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数词,以及数学公式,然后进行自我或合作式强化训练。训练步骤:(1)以朗读的方式分别熟悉英汉数词各自的不同思维方式。其目的是要强化译员的数词意识,提高数词思维速度,需反复训练,最终达到超出常人的思维和口头反应速度;(2)进行英汉数词同类单向视译训练。“同类”是指若干数目不等的同一类数词词组,如基数词587、962、4 973、25 762。集中训练一类数词可有效提高对数词的思维和视译熟练度。“单向”是指在一
3、段时间内只做英译汉或汉译英数词转换训练,这么做是在数词思维得到有效强化的基础上,学生可较为容易地适应英汉数词思维的转换;(3)进行英汉数词多类单向视译训练。其目的是将已经十分熟悉的各种数词形式,混合在一起,交替进行单向视译训练,从而使训练更具实效性和实战性,因为临场视译时经常需要应对各种数词形式混用第3页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译n的局面;(4)进行英汉数词多类双向视译训练。其目的是通过这种训练增强学生的瞬间转换能力。因为,在把一种语言翻译成另一种语言时(当然包含数词),如英译汉或汉译英,随时可能需要进行反向翻译。在各种谈判翻译场合,这种瞬间需要转换翻译方向的现象尤为常见。第4页,共59
4、页。第3单元 数词句视译(要点梳理)n数字使人类的社会活动和思想表达精确化,因而有时数词翻译错误会铸成大错n英语的数量表达与汉语有所不同,其实质是两种语言的思维方式存在鲜明差异n关注其他众多的量词n建议训练方法:1.分类后朗读;2.同类单向视译训练;3.多类单向视译训练;4.多类双向视译训练第5页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n1.Yesterdays temperature in this area is as high as 39,which is as good as 10 degrees above the average temperature at this time o
5、f the year.n【笔译】n【视译】昨天该地区气温高达39 摄氏度,比同期平均温度整整高出10 度。昨天此地气温达到三十九摄氏度,比平均温度高出十度。第6页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n译评笔译版本是典型的语义措辞均严谨的格式,而视译版本则显得较随意,淡化了更具英语思维特性的微妙思维意境(as high as 和as good as),视译重心只聚焦在结构性语义上,这是视译的通用处理原则和手法。另外,鉴于人们对摄氏和华氏温标早已烂熟于心,视译时可以先说出计量单位,这就为后面的数字翻译留出了更多的思索时间。第7页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n2.His brothe
6、r was just over eighteen when he left home to make a living on his own.n【笔译】n【视译】他哥哥离家独自谋生时才刚满18 周岁。他哥哥刚满十八岁便离家独自谋生了。第8页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n译评此句原文的语义重心是年龄,所以笔译版本更能突出原文意境,但却不符合顺句驱动的视译原则,增加了翻译难度,所以视译版本更具视译参考价值。第9页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n3.Within less than two and half years,about 170 million children in
7、 India have been vaccinated against polio.n【笔译】n【视译】在近两年半的时间内,印度约有一亿七千万儿童接种了抗小儿麻痹症的疫苗。在不到两年半的时间里,一亿七千万印度儿童接种了小儿麻痹疫苗。第10页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n译评笔译句式是书面化语言,显得有些呆板。视译版本更口语化,尤其是“印度儿童”结构既符合汉语的表达习惯,又减少了翻译数字时可能面临的干扰。第11页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n4.The length of the road is twice/double what it was three years a
8、go.n【笔译】n【视译】这条路的长度是三年前的两倍。这条路比三年前延长了一倍。第12页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n译评笔译句式不是中文听众所习惯的表达句式,听起来略显费解。视译句式首先确立“路”为表述主体,更符合普通中文听众的思维习惯,“延长”一词的使用既易于理解,又增加了动态表述效果。第13页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n5.Three hundred students or less attended the two-day seminar on modern English poetry.n【笔译】n【视译】不足三百名学生出席了这场两天的现代英语诗歌研讨会。近
9、三百名学生参加了这次为期两天的现代英语诗歌研讨会。第14页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例句)n译评 两个版本的语义准确度都没有问题,但笔译句子听起来有些别扭,原因是不符合听众的语境与语言符号匹配习惯。“近”和“参加”分别替代“不足”和“出席”,以及“为期”的使用,都更加贴近中文听众的习惯。修饰普通听众的与会行为“参加”当然比“出席”更贴切。第15页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n1.Zambia is an inspiring example of a nationally-coordinated effort.Three million long-lasting insect
10、icide-treated bednets are being distributed there this year,and the country is close to reaching its national target of 80 percent of households with at least one netup from 20 percent two years ago.第16页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n1.Zambia is an inspiring example of a nationally-coordinated effort.Three mi
11、llion long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets are being distributed there this year,赞比亚是举全国之力做事的典范。已有三百万床优质蚊帐于今年分发到全国各地,第17页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)nand the country is close to reaching its national target of 80 percent of households with at least one netup from 20 percent two years ago.该数字与其国家目标十分接近,即
12、让百分之八十的家庭至少拥有一床蚊帐,而两年前拥有一床蚊帐的家庭只有百分之二十。第18页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n【笔译】n【视译】赞比亚是举全国之力做事的成功范例。今年,约300 万床耐用驱虫蚊帐分发到全国各地,该数字已接近其国家目标,即把拥有至少一床蚊帐的家庭比例从两年前的20%提升到80%。赞比亚是举全国之力做事的典范。已有三百万床优质蚊帐于今年分发到全国各地,该数字与其国家目标十分接近,即让百分之八十的家庭至少拥有一床蚊帐,而两年前拥有一床蚊帐的家庭只有百分之二十。第19页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n译评相较笔译而言,视译更具同传的某些特征,如理解原文时重实
13、词,轻虚词;重语义,轻逻辑。表述译文时重要义,轻修饰;重习惯,轻句法。视译句子里inspiring 的语义便揉进了“典范”;“优质”便包含了long-lasting 的语义;“蚊帐”即使没有经过杀虫剂处理也同样具有驱虫效果,该细节在此无需赘述,目的还是尽量减少干扰,易于视译受众理解。第20页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n2.Mozambique is one of the most sparsely populated on the continent,with just 23.4 million people.Having enjoyed high growth rates of
14、 around 8 percent year on year between 1994 and 2019,Mozambique is on course for more as mega-projects in mining and energy take off.第21页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n2.Mozambique is one of the most sparsely populated on the continent,with just 23.4 million people.莫桑比克是非洲大陆人烟最稀少的国家之一,人口仅有两千三百四十万。第22页,共59页。第3
15、单元 数词句视译(例段)nHaving enjoyed high growth rates of around 8 percent year on year between 1994 and 2019,Mozambique is on course for more as mega-projects in mining and energy take off.该国人口从1994 到2019 年环比增长率高达约百分之八。该国人口还将进一步增长,原因是该国的大型矿产能源项目正在纷纷启动。第23页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n【笔译】莫桑比克是该大陆人口最稀少的国家之一,只有两千三百四十
16、万人。从1994到2019 年间,莫桑比克的人口每年都保持约8%的高增长率。由于许多大型矿产能源项目的启动,该国人口还将进一步增加。第24页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n【视译】莫桑比克是非洲大陆人烟最稀少的国家之一,人口仅有两千三百四十万。该国人口从1994 到2019 年环比增长率高达约百分之八。该国人口还将进一步增长,原因是该国的大型矿产能源项目正在纷纷启动。第25页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例段)n译评笔译版本尽管在许多地方已努力达到顺畅、意译的效果,但由于部分结构忽略了视译规律,使得该版本在视译实践中缺乏可行性。最后半句话尤为典型,译员在艰难地分别理解on cou
17、rse for more 和mega-projects in mining and energy take off 的同时,很难再想到并颠倒两部分的语序,那样做无疑给译员平添了无谓的麻烦。第26页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇)n Generally speaking,larger countries have a larger population.For instance,Malta has an area of 316 sq kilometers and a population of 366,000;Holland,an area of 41,160 sq kilometers
18、 and a population of 14,275,000;and France,an area of 551,208 sq kilometers and a population of 53,963,000.n However,it is not always so owing to historical,geographical and economic reasons.As we know,China,the United States,and Canada roughly have the same area(respectively 9,600,000;9,363,123,and
19、 9,922,330 sq kilometers).But their populations vary a great deal with China 1.3 billion,the United States 229,805,000 and Canada 24,098,000.n Another illustrating example is the former Soviet Union with an area of 22,402,200 sq kilometers and a population of only 268,800,000,and India with an area
20、of only 2,974,700 sq kilometers but a population as large as 700,000,000.第27页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇)n【视译】n 总的来讲,国家面积大,人口也会相对多一些。比方说,马耳他的面积是三百一十六平方公里,它的人口是三十六万六千。荷兰的面积是四万一千一百六十平方公里,其人口为一千四百二十七万五千。法国的面积是五十五万一千二百零八平方公里,人口为五千三百九十六万三千。n 但是,由于历史、地理、经济等原因,情况并不总是这样。我们知道中国、美国、加拿大三国的面积大体相似,分别是九百六十万平方公里、九百三十六万三千一
21、百二十三平方公里和九百九十二万二千三百三十平方公里,然而其人口却相去甚远。中国大约有十三亿,美国有二亿二千九百八十万零五千,而加拿大则只有二千四百零九万八千人口。n 另一个比较能说明问题的例子是前苏联和印度。前苏联的面积是二千二百四十万零二千二百平方公里,人口只有二亿六千八百八十万。然而,印度虽然只有二百九十七万四千七百平方公里,其人口却达七亿。第28页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇详解)n Generally speaking,larger countries have a larger population.For instance,Malta has an area of 316
22、 sq kilometers and a population of 366,000;Holland,an area of 41,160 sq kilometers and a population of 14,275,000;总的来讲,国家面积大,人口也会相对多一些。比方说,马耳他的面积是三百一十六平方公里,它的人口是三十六万六千。荷兰的面积是四万一千一百六十平方公里,其人口为一千四百二十七万五千。第29页,共59页。nand France,an area of 551,208 sq kilometers and a population of 53,963,000.n However,it
23、 is not always so owing to historical,geographical and economic reasons.As we know,第3单元 数词句视译(例篇详解)法国的面积是五十五万一千二百零八平方公里,人口为五千三百九十六万三千。但是,由于历史、地理、经济等原因,情况并不总是这样。我们知道第30页,共59页。nChina,the United States,and Canada roughly have the same area(respectively 9,600,000;9,363,123,and 9,922,330 sq kilometers).B
24、ut their populations vary a great deal with China 1.3 billion,第3单元 数词句视译(例篇详解)中国、美国、加拿大三国的面积大体相似,分别是九百六十万平方公里、九百三十六万三千一百二十三平方公里和九百九十二万二千三百三十平方公里,然而其人口却相去甚远。中国大约有十三亿,第31页,共59页。n the United States 229,805,000 and Canada 24,098,000.n Another illustrating example is the former Soviet Union with an area
25、of 22,402,200 sq kilometers and a population of only 268,800,000,第3单元 数词句视译(例篇详解)美国有二亿二千九百八十万零五千,而加拿大则只有二千四百零九万八千人口。n 另一个比较能说明问题的例子是前苏联和印度。前苏联的面积是二千二百四十万零二千二百平方公里,人口只有二亿六千八百八十万。第32页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇详解)nand India with an area of only 2,974,700 sq kilometers but a population as large as 700,000,000.
26、然而,印度虽然只有二百九十七万四千七百平方公里,其人口却达七亿。第33页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇)n译评(1)视译英文数字时要充分利用英文数字里的逗号分隔作用,应从左至右把每个逗号与其分别指向的hundred、thousand、million、billion、trillion 等紧密链接,反复识读位数较多的数字,以便提高对英文数字的认知速度。第34页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇)n译评(2)英汉数字转换的难点是中文的“万”位与英文不对应,因此可以着重练习一些大数字,但应该先从“万”位数开始,再练习“十万”、“百万”、“千万”、“亿(万万)”位数。切记,练习数字视译要从小
27、位数开始,而且要大量重复练习同位数的数字,十分熟练后再逐渐增加位数,以此类推。第35页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇)n译评(3)中英文的数词和数量单位的排列顺序有时相同,有时不相同,这一点值得注意。中文都是数词在先,数量单位词在后;而英文有时数词和数量单位词的顺序是颠倒的,如USD 150,英汉数词和数量单位排列顺序的差异增加了口译的难度。(4)此处的国家面积大小实质上是个相对概念,所以英语语篇里使用的是比较级,而中文表面文字结构上淡化了这一点,这是中文,尤其是口头中文的表达习惯。第36页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(例篇)n译评(5)平时要刻意关注与中英文数字经常搭配的词语,如
28、篇中vary a great deal 在不同的语境里可译成“相差悬殊”、“相去甚远”、“大相径庭”、“天壤之别”,甚至是“风马牛不相及”之类的典故。再如练习篇里的amount、total 等均为与数词搭配的常见词,积累多了,临场视译时便可信手拈来,轻车熟路。第37页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语句)n(1)For the use of new technology,agricultural output in this area for 2019 is estimated to be three times that of 2019.n(2)The principal adv
29、antage of the new machine over old-fashion machine is 4-fold reduction in weight.n(3)Its one-twentieth the thickness of a human hair.第38页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语句)n(4)Youve leveraged your 25 years commitment to polio into more than$600 million to pay for the most aggressive push yet to end this deadl
30、y disease.n(5)About 26 accidents occurred during sea transport between January and October this year,causing direct economic losses of almost 40 million yuan,21.7 percent more than the same period last year,official statistics show.第39页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:参考答案)n(1)由于运用了新技术,该地区2019 年农产品产量预估比2019 年增
31、加两倍。n(2)新机器的主要优点,较之旧机器而言,是其重量减少了四倍。n(3)它相当于人类头发丝的二十分之一那么细。n(4)在与小儿麻痹抗争的二十五年里,你们已筹资超过六亿美元,用于这场雄心勃勃的运动,其宗旨是要消灭这一致命疾病。n(5)今年1 月至10 月,海运事故共发生约二十六起,造成直接经济损失约四千万元人民币,相比去年同期上升了百分之二十一点七,以上源自官方报道。第40页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语段)n(1)Taobao Mall said last Monday that it would increase annual membership fees from
32、6,000 yuan($940)to between 30,000 yuan to 60,000 yuan,depending on the type and scale of the business.Fees will be fully or partially refunded to a shop if its scale and service quality meet set criteria.第41页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语段)n(2)US innovation has always been based,in part,on the contribution
33、s of the thousands upon thousands of foreign-born scientists and researchers.For example,a recent survey conducted by several universities showed that between 2019 and 2019,firms with at least one foreign-born founder created 450,000 new US jobs.第42页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:参考答案)n(1)淘宝商城上周一称,将把年度加盟费由六千
34、元人民币(合九百四十美元)提至三万元至六万元人民币不等,具体收费将视企业经营类型和规模而定。该费用将全额或部分退回该商户,条件是商户经营规模和服务质量达到规定要求。n(2)美国的创新在一定程度上是基于成千上万的外裔科学家和研究人员的贡献。举个例子,几所大学最近作的一份调查表明,2019 年到2019 年之间,拥有至少一名外裔创始人的企业总共为美国创造了四十五万个新的工作岗位。第43页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)n(1)The 1980s also saw encouraging progress in Chinas foreign economic relations.T
35、he import and export trade multiplied,and overseas investment in China rapidly increased.Overseas-funded enterprises in China now number 17,000,with the actual investment totaling more than US$23 billion and the prospect continues to look good for the 1990s.Last year,for example,the pledged volume o
36、f overseas investment amounted to US$11.1 billion,more than 70 percent over that of 1990.第44页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)n Since the beginning of the 1990s,we in China have started to work for doubling our GNP over again.In this endeavour,difficulties of one type or another are hardly avoidable,but we
37、believe that through hard work we shall be able to attain this goal.Our confidence comes,among other things,from the fact that last year,despite the extremely severe floods in East China,which inflicted heavy losses on the economy,we still managed to attain a 7 percent growth rate.The grain and cott
38、on output reached 435.3 million tons and 5.66 million tons respectively,making for another year of record harvest.The total industrial output value 第45页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)nincreased by 14.2 percent,investment in fixed asset by 18.6 percent,import and export by 17.5 percent,and the foreign exch
39、ange reserve exceeded US$40 billion.Inflation rate was kept below 4 percent.第46页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)n(2)The US has gained 387,000 managers and lost almost 2m clerical jobs since 2019,as new technologies replace office workers and plunge the American middle class deeper into crisis.n New data fr
40、om the Bureau of Labour Statistics divide the US workforce into 821 jobs from dishwasher to librarian.n They show rapid structural shiftson top of a cyclical unemployment rate of 7.7 percent that may drive up income inequality.第47页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)n The figures help explain why the US median
41、 household income has fallen 5.6 percent since June 2009 to$51,404,even as the economy recovers.The top 10 percent of American earners,meanwhile,are collecting most all the fruits of the recovery.n One likely cause of rising inequality is new computing technologies that destroy some middle-class occ
42、upations even as they create jobs for highly-skilled workers who can exploit them.第48页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)n The number of clerical workers such as book-keepers,tellers,data entry keyers,file clerks and typists has been falling,pointing to structural decline.The number of retail cashiers has dro
43、pped,an indication that internet shopping and self-checkout systems may be eroding another occupation.n Jobs growth came from healthcare,management,computing and food service jobs.The number of personal care aides is up by 390,000 since 2019.第49页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)nDemand for people who figure
44、 out how to replace clerical workerssuch as operations managers,management analysts and logisticiansgrew substantially.n “We see growth in jobs that require complex,personalized interactionssuch as home health aidesand continued declines in routine transaction and production jobs that can be scripte
45、d and automated,”said Susan Lund,co-author of a McKinsey Global Institute report on the future of work.第50页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)n But salaries for many of the fast-growing occupations are lower than those they are replacing.The average wage for a clerical job in 2019 was$34,410 compared with$24,
46、550 in personal care.The average computing wage was$80,180 and$108,570 for managers.n However,Lawrence Mishel,president of the Economic Policy Institute in Washington,noted that even high-skill job growth has slowed in the last decade.“People focus a lot on occupational trends but its not clear to m
47、e that they are whats driving wage outcomes.What I think is going on is much bigger.employers have the upper hand in every area of work.”第51页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:语篇)nThe shift shows how hard it will be for policy makers to halt or reverse the rise in income inequality.Clerical workers still account
48、 for 16 per cent of US jobs,and technology is likely to keep on eliminating them.第52页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:参考答案)n(1)20 世纪80 年代,中国在对外经济关系方面也取得了令人鼓舞的成就。进出口贸易额大幅度增加,国外来华投资也迅速增长。现在中国有一万七千家外资企业。这些企业的投资总额超过了二百三十亿美元,而且前景在20 世纪90 年代将继续看好。例如,去年的海外投资总额就达一百一十一亿美元,比1990 年增长了百分之七十。n 20 世纪90 年代开始后,中国已开始为实现国民生产总值再
49、翻一番而努力。当然,在这一过程中,各种各样的困难是不可避免的。但是我们相信,通过我们的勤奋工作,我们将能够达到这个目标。从一件事上,就能第53页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:参考答案)n看出我们的这种决心。这就是去年中国东部遭受严重洪涝灾害。虽然这次灾害使我们遭受到重大经济损失,但我们还是努力达到了百分之七的经济增长率。粮食和棉花的产量分别达到了四亿三千五百三十万吨和五百六十六万吨,使去年成为又一个创纪录的高产丰收年。另外,我们的工业总产值增长了百分之十四点二,固定资产投资增长了百分之十八点六,进出口增长了百分之十七点五,外汇储备超过了四百亿美元,而通货膨胀率控制在百分之四以下。
50、第54页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:参考答案)n(2)自2019 年以来,美国管理者岗位增加38.7 万个,办公室职员岗位则减少近200 万个,新技术取代了办公室员工,让美国中产阶级陷入更深的危机。n 美国劳工统计局的最新数据将美国劳动力划分为821 种工作,从洗碗工到图书管理员。n 这些数据显示,快速结构性变化再加上7.7%的周期失业率可能会加剧收入不平等状况。第55页,共59页。第3单元 数词句视译(视译练习:参考答案)n 这些数据有助于解释为什么美国家庭收入自2009 年6 月下滑5.6%,至5.140 4 万美元,即便在经济复苏之际。同时,收入最高的10%的美国人正收获
侵权处理QQ:3464097650--上传资料QQ:3464097650
【声明】本站为“文档C2C交易模式”,即用户上传的文档直接卖给(下载)用户,本站只是网络空间服务平台,本站所有原创文档下载所得归上传人所有,如您发现上传作品侵犯了您的版权,请立刻联系我们并提供证据,我们将在3个工作日内予以改正。