英语句子成分分析英语句子结构讲解[版]课件.pptx

1、最新英语句子成分及结构分析讲解.This kind of skirt is very _(fashion).2.His suggestions are _(reason).3.It is _(obviously)that he won the match.4.That s really a _(science)method(方法方法)5.there are too many _(art)scenes in the park.6.We should do something to stop the _(globe)warming.fashionablereasonableobviousscien

2、tific artificial global 1.With the _(develop)of the science,we improve our living conditions greatly.2.European _(settle)began in 1840 when the British arrived.3.Have you made an _(arrange)about your trip?4.Could you give me some _(suggest)on our plan?5.A cinema is a public place of _(entertain).dev

3、elopment settlement arrangement suggestions entertainment 1.After sunset,the sky darkened _(rapid)2._(fortunate),they escaped from the big fire.3._(general)speaking,people in South China live on rice.4.His daughter is _(serious)ill,so he has to ask for leave.5.The car which was out of control _(viol

4、ent)hit the big tree.6.The typhoon is _(extreme)strong.rapidlyFortunately Generally seriously violently extremely 句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1.I met my best friend Tom at the station y

5、esterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语 地点地点 时间时间句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语Elements of a sentence:S-subject V-verb P-predicative O-object Attri.-attribute Adv.-adverb Oc-object complement

6、 主主谓谓表表宾补宾补定定状状宾宾主语（主语（subject）是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么谁，什么”发出发出的，一般位于句首。的，一般位于句首。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）

7、（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and

8、tall like a tree.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（谓语（verb）是对主语加以陈述，是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）(1)由由单一动词单一动词V.做谓语做谓语 We are Chinese.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?(2)情态情

9、态V+V原原 He can speak English well.(3)助助V+V She is talking with her sister.I have seen this man before.Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he s

10、aid?I succeeded in passing the exam.（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语（宾语（object）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）动作的对象或承受者，一般位于动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和和prep.之后之后 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语(direct object)和和间接宾语间接宾语(indirect object).直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接 宾语宾语（承受者）（承受者）直接直接 宾语宾语（对象）（

11、对象）Please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.I found the book interesting.I make my students intertested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now.We found it necessary to study English.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有

12、一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有。这类常用的及物动词有：make,ask,see,find,call,get,have,let,tell,help,keep（It形式宾语，形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）是真正宾语）（四）表语（四）表语(predicative)在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。状态。1.The speech is exci

13、ting.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im tired today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at ease.7.That s why he came here.（四）表语（四）表语(predicative)在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。状态。1.The speech is exciting.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.I

14、m tired today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at ease.7.That s why he came here.(形容词形容词)(现在分词现在分词)（不定式）（不定式）(过去分词过去分词)(名词名词)(介短介短)(从句从句)（五）定语（五）定语（adjective）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前 前置定语前置定语短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前 后置定语后置定语 He is a clever boy.His fat

15、her works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you know Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句

16、子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。修饰修饰adj./adv.时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句一般位于句子两头

17、，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。说明动作于说明动作于“何时何时,何地何地,如何如何”发生发生,或者说明或者说明“adj./adv.”的程的程度度。状语分为：状语分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随等状语方式和伴随等状语。（六）状语（六）状语（adverbial）This book is very interestin

18、g.I run fast/quickly.They are playing on the playground at eight.I John often came to chat with me His parents died,leaving him an orphan.(副词副词)(介短介短)（不定式）（不定式）（V-ing短语）短语）(副词副词)Please call me if it is necessary.Suddenly,I heard the bird sing a song.You probably know more than you think.（从句）（从句）（副词）

19、（副词）（副词）（副词）(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves b

20、ooks.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.同位语同位语 对对n.或或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明进行补充说明或进一步解释说明 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词名词代词代词从句从句系动词系

21、动词1）状态系动词状态系动词（be动词）动词）例如：例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词 keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand 例如：例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词表像系动词 seem,appear,look,例如：例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。4）感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste,look 例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.注意：系

22、动词注意：系动词(除除be be外外)不用于被动语态不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：He became mad after that.6）终止系动词终止系动词 prove,turn out,表达表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意之意例如：例如：The rumor proved false.句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语

23、、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语Elements of a sentence:S-subject V-verb P-predicative O-object Attri.-attribute Adv.-adverbial Oc-object complement 主主谓谓表表宾补宾补定定状状宾宾简单句（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的简单句（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。按照句子的用途可以分为四种。句子单位。按照句子的用途可以分为四种。作一种陈述（陈述句）作一种陈述（陈述句）The boy hit the dog./The dog bit

24、the boy.提出一个问题提出一个问题(一般一般/特殊特殊/选择选择/反义疑问句反义疑问句)Does the shop close at 7 tonight?发出一种命令或请求（祈使句）发出一种命令或请求（祈使句）Shut/Open the door.表示一种感叹（感叹句）表示一种感叹（感叹句）What a slow train this is!句句子子结结构构分分类类 简单句简单句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主语（或并含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子并列谓语）的句子 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences 包含两个或

25、两个以上包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词间有并列连词and/but/or/so 等或用分号连接等或用分号连接 复合句复合句 Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词连词that/what/when/if等等引导引导句子类型句子类型简单句并列句复合句 句句子子结结构构分分类类 简单句简单句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主语（或并含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子并列谓语）的句

26、子 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences 包含两个或两个以上包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词间有并列连词and/but/or/so 等或用分号连接等或用分号连接 复合句复合句 Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属句的句子，且从句用从属连词连词that/what/when/if等等引导引导简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.主语主

27、语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语宾语 补足语补足语Summary复习简单句：复习简单句：对下列句子的成份对下列句子的成份进行划分进行划分Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees ar

28、e green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）You could give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）We found a

29、man lying on the ground.6）It is my duty to look after these children.7）You had better keep the window open.8）He likes pop music.9）The sound sounds strange.10）The food tastes good.11）He has been learning English for years.12）We think it a pity that she didnt come here.13）1.He learns German.2.Both Tom

30、 and Jack enjoy country music.3.We sang and danced yesterday evening.4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon.（一个主语和并列谓语）一个主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和并列谓语并列主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和一个谓语并列主语和一个谓语）（一个主语和一个谓语一个主语和一个谓语）并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjuncti

31、ons 平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and thenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,eitheror.并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends.They must stay in water,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.It was late,so I went to bed.andorbut s

32、oHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And shes dead.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语that I passed the exam.what he needs.when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合

33、句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for W

34、ashington.whether he is leaving for Washington.宾语从句宾语从句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didnt like her.I dont know if you can help me.They want to know where you are going.The students has decided when they hold the meeting.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句the peo

35、ple surprised That What he saidWhat he did主语主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.1)主语从句主语从句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.*How

36、 strange it is that the children are so quiet!2)定语从句定语从句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said he knew the boy who was sitting by the window.The picture which is on the wall is drawn by my father.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句That is the fact.表表 语语what he needs.what he gave me.why

37、he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.2）表语从句表语从句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is who can replace her.*The reason is that he has lied to me several times.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father work

38、edin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句简单句+从属连词从属连词+简单句简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wher

39、ever you like.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句PracticePracticePractice用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。He has found out.She was late.(why)He has found out why she was late.I

40、 still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticePracticePracticeHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him.I see him

41、.（时间时间）It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果结果）Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(条件条件)We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasa

42、nt,we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.状语从句状语从句分为八类：分为八类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、目的、条件、让步、方式、1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,

43、leaves turned green.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等2)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：if,unless,as long as,on condition that常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：though,although,even if,even though,3)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Im fond of mu

44、sic,I cant play any instrument.So long as you need me,Ill stay.4)结果状语从句结果状语从句She was so happy that she didnt know whatto say.He is such an honest boy that we all like him.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so that,such that,5)目的状语从句目的状语从句Come early in order that/so that you may see him.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so that,in order

45、 that in caseTake your rain coat in case it rains.6)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere7)原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because,as,since常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He

46、did just as you told him.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句PracticePracticePracticeHe has found out why she was late.I still remember the day when I first went to

47、 York.He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句1.The reason why he was dismissed is that he didnt work hard.2.I doubt whether he will succeed.I dont know if you can help me.3.That the earth is round is well-known.4.They believed that they would win the game.5.When we were a

48、t school,we went to the library every day.6.Do you know the woman who is talking to Mr Green?划出从句，并判断从句的种类。划出从句，并判断从句的种类。(定语从句）定语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（主语从句）（主语从句）（宾语从句）宾语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）(定语从句）定语从句）7.It all depends on whether they will support us.8.We will go where the Party directs

49、us.9.The news that Jim told us is true.10.He always thinks of how he can work better.11.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.12.The photographs will show you what our village looks like.13.It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）(定语从

50、句）定语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（表语从句）（表语从句）有关有关“跨文化跨文化”话题话题 假设你叫李华，你的外国朋友假设你叫李华，你的外国朋友John想了解中国的春想了解中国的春节，请根据以下提纲，给他写一封短信：节，请根据以下提纲，给他写一封短信：1、春节在中国人中的地位、春节在中国人中的地位2、春节的时间、春节的时间.春节前人们春节前人们3、春节期间，人们、春节期间，人们参考词汇：对联参考词汇：对联couplet 爆竹爆竹firecrackerDear John,How time flies!Four months have passe