英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词-课件(1).ppt

1、非谓语动词 语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词Structure:to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative(否定否定):not to doPassive voice:(1).主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj.(for sb)to do sth.It is+a pleasure/an honor

2、/a pity to do.It takes sb+time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke.2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2).表语表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is t

3、o study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3)宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from

4、you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it+adj.+to do 巩固练习2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4).宾补宾补 Complement五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 le

5、t make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等等.医生建议他去南方医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doI made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the

6、tree and get hurt.A.fall B.to fall C.falling D.fallen改错:He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5).定语定语 Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during th

7、e journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的没有什么可担心的）a room to live inI came here.He go

8、t up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语 Adverbialin order to,so as to,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto,tooto,only to,etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.1.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语在句中

9、承担的成分在句中承担的成分:主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice（时态与语态）to be doing to have done to have been done-to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓

10、语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read2.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears_ everything.(01年高考)A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told巩固练习33.Char

11、les Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weavewho,which,when,how,what,whom,whether who,which,when,

12、how,what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.(表语表语)不定式与疑问词连用不定式与

13、疑问词连用:关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.e.g.:Would you like to go with me?(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?A.Id like to B.Id like to go Yes,_.A.Id like to be.B.Id like to.Yes,_.1.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried

14、to C.managed to D.planned2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to巩固练习4不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如如果这些介词前有行为动词果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么那么介词后的不定式不带介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.v(1).She could do nothing but _.(cry)v(

15、2).I have no choice but_.(go)v(3).What do you like _ besides_.(do,sleep)cryto goto dosleep (eat,give up,finish,explain,tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.T

16、he patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it,but I forgot to do so.to have told 1.(MET92 14)-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going2.Rather than _ on a crow

17、ded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.(MET94 22)A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding4.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.(97 上海上海12)A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 3.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont

18、 really need.(96上海上海14)A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 5.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.no

19、t make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make7.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see8.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 9

20、.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning10.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a re

21、port.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 12.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14.The teacher asked us _ so muc

22、h noise.A.dont make B.not makeC.not making D.not to make不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：v(1)动宾关系动宾关系 vI have a lot of work to do.v(2)主谓关系主谓关系 vHe is always the first to come.v(3)同位关系同位关系vWe all have a chance to go to college.注

23、意以下几种情况不定式的用法注意以下几种情况不定式的用法v*在在the first,the second，the last和和only之后，只能用之后，只能用to do。如：He was the last to leave the classroom v*如果如果understand，realize,know用在用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用后，只能用to do。如：I began to understand the truthv*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用而用in order not to do或

24、或so as not to do。如：()In order not to be seen,he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen,he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X

25、)So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part

26、of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still o

27、n.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,made8

28、.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.B.to finish B.fin

29、ishing C.being finished D.to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go 12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made13.I would rather starve to death tha

30、n _ for food.B.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new

31、technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whe

32、ther they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was

33、 out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A

34、.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Ba

35、bbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Havi

36、ng sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to makev1.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.v2.I want to see you.v3.I want him to see you.v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so earl

37、y as to see youv9.To tell you the truth,I dont agree with you.v10.How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用Gerund一一.Structure：doing Negative：not doing二二.时态和语态时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式

38、makinghaving made(不作定语）不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语不作定语三三.在句中承担的成分在句中承担的成分:1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is believing.e.g.-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B.Lost C.Because

39、of losing D.LosingKey:_DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.v类似的还有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作

40、宾语作宾语:Vt.Prep.+doing下列动词通常用下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语：vadmit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,cant help,等。等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Would you mind my smoking here?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.The girl was told to practise playing the piano

41、for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming.下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语,尤其注意介词尤其注意介词tove.g.insist on,prevent from,depend on,feel like,be fond of,succeed in,be proud of,excuse for,apologize for,look forward to,object to,be used to,be opposed to,etc.Prep.后通常用后通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语.ve.g.The boy s

42、tood still without _(dare)to raise his head because of _(break)a vase.daringhaving brokento do 和doing 的区别:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doingstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing注意注意:动词如：动词如：permit,allow，admi

43、t，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法有不同的用法:vV +sb to do sth&V+doing sthe.g.：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to you firstYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in m

44、y room for another five minutes.vadvisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g.：v The little boy admitted having broken the glass.vThey shouldnt allow parking in the street;its too narrow.vI forbid smoking in my housevWe do not permit smoking in the office3.作表语作表语vMy hobby is collecting stamps

45、and fishing.vHis job is teaching.4.作定语作定语:va walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态Gerund的逻辑主语的逻辑主语:vTom insisted on coming to the party.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v

46、我几乎无法想象我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋在五天内横渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.动名词表示被动意义:v在动词或词组need,want,require,be worth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe

47、book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.v分词分词 -ing分词分词(以以make为例为例)-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX分词在句中承担的成分分词在句中承担的成分:v由于分词具有由于分词具有形容词性和副词性形容词性和副词性,在句在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和主语和宾语宾语.成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定

48、语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词 过去分词 1.作定语作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1.the rising sun 2.He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3.The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4.These are goods imported from Japan.前置位前置位:后置位后置位v-The problem(w

49、hich is)bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between-ed and ing participle?-ing分词表示分词表示“进行进行”-ed分词表示分词表示“完成完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示“被动被动”主动主动进行进行被动被动完成完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:-These are goods(which were)imported from Japan.Exercises:vThe _(work)people have played a great role in

50、 the activity.vI dont like _(can)food,I prefer something fresh.workingcannedv1.站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。看上去很胆小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid.v2.最近到处最近到处在议论的话题在议论的话题都与都与2008年奥运会有关。年奥运会有关。v vThe topics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008.who was standingstandi