英语的五种基本句型讲解课件.ppt

1、a(an)art.一（个、件）able a.能够；有能力的about ad.大约；到处；四处 prep.关于；在各处；四处above prep.在上面 a.上面的 ad.在之上accept vt.接受accident n.事故，意外的事 across prep.横过，穿过 act n.法令，条例 v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事 address n.地址 advertisement n.广告 advice n.忠告，劝告，建议 afraid a.害怕的；担心 after ad.在后；后来 prep.在之后；在后面 conj.在以后afternoon n.下午，午后 agai

2、n ad.再一次；再，又 against prep.对着，反对 age n.年龄；时代 ago ad.以前 agree v.同意；应允 air n.空气；大气 第1页，共25页。英语五种基本句型及巩固练习第2页，共25页。A.主语+系动词+表语（SVC）B.主语+不及物动词(vi.)（SV）C.主语+谓语动词(vt.)+宾语（SVO）D.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语（SVOO）E.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）英语的五种基本句型英语的五种基本句型第3页，共25页。及物动词;它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。False:They always want after lunch.Rig

3、ht:They always want a cup of tea after lunch.False:He is sending now.Right:He is sending a letter now.不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。Right:He is looking around.False:He is looking me.Right:He is looking at me.Right:He is listening carefully.False:He is listening the teacher carefully.Right:He is

4、listening to the teacher carefully.第4页，共25页。A.主语+系动词+表语（SVC）英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：Be动词常见的有 appear（相似、显得）come,fall,get,grow 变得 turn,become 变成 hold,keep,保持 remain（仍然是）,stand,stay（保持）seem看起来 smell 闻起来,sound 听起来,taste 尝起来 feel摸起来,look看上去等。起系动词作用的实义动词第5页，共25页。airplane n.（美）飞机

5、 airport n.航空站，飞机场 all ad.全部地 a.全（部）；所有的；总；整 pron.全部；全体人员 allow vt.允许，准许 almost ad.几乎，差不多 alone a.单独的，孤独的 along ad.向前；和一起；一同 prep.沿着；顺着 aloud ad.大声地 already ad.已经 also ad.也 although conj.虽然，尽管 always ad.总是；一直；永远 am v.（be 的人称形式之一）America n.美国；美洲 American a.美国的；美国人的n.美国人 among prep.在中间；在（三个以上）之间 and c

6、onj.和；又；而 angry a.生气的，愤怒的 animal n.动物 another a.再一；另一；别的；不同的 pron.另一个 第6页，共25页。We are students.He is a doctor.He is out of work.The garden smells pleasant.Silk feels soft and smooth.This machine is in good conditionFor example:他是一个医生。我们是学生。机器运转得很好。他失业了丝绸摸起来又软又滑。花园里香气袭人。第7页，共25页。B.主语+动词（SV）本结构是由主语加不及

7、物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will

8、 fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.第8页，共25页。1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.41919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。She went home very late yester

9、day evening.The meeting will last(for)two hours.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.Classes begin at eight every day.第9页，共25页。C.主语+动词+宾语（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语,否则会视为句子不完整。Tom has a brother.汤姆有一个弟弟。They wanted to have a rest.他们想歇息一会儿。He successfully carried out his plan.他成功

10、地实行了他的计划。第10页，共25页。1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times4那位先生能流利地说三种语言。5我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。6我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.That gentleman can speak threelanguages fluently.I received a letter from my penfriend in Austra

11、lia.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.第11页，共25页。D.主语+动词+宾语+宾语（SVOO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语称为“间接宾语”，多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为“直接宾语”，往往由名词充当。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向

12、着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。第12页，共25页。这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留给某人某物”等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有：award 授予某人,buy 给某人买 bring 带给某人 get 给某人弄到 give 给某人,hand 递给某人 lend 借给某人 leave 留给某人 pay 支付某人 pass 递给某人 read 给某人读 rent(租赁某人 recommend 将某人推荐给 ,send 送给某人show 给某人看 tell 告诉某人 take 给某人拿 teach 教某人 write 给某人写 等。第13页，共25页。（注

13、：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。He brought me a coat.他给我带来一件大衣。Pass me the dictionary,please.请将词典递给我。I lend him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了。第14页，共25页。1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3他把车票给列车员看。4我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？5新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an inte

14、resting story last night.He showed the ticket to the conductor.Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labors.第15页，共25页。E.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语+宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语“做什么”、“怎么样”等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来说是必不可少。在这一结构中，宾语和谓语动词当然是“动宾关系”，而宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上却

15、是“主谓关系”。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。第16页，共25页。例如：We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。The news made me happy.那消息使我很高兴。We know him to be an expert.我们知道他是专家。He heard somebody opening the door.他听见有人在开门。I found myself in dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里 代词代词第17页，共25页。第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格weIyouyouitheshethey人称代词宾格usmeyouyo

16、uithimherthem形容词性物主代词ourmyyour your itshishertheir名词性物主代词oursmine yours yoursitshishers theirs反身代词ourselvesmyselfyourselfyourselfitselfhimselfherselfthemselves指示代词this,that,these,those相互代词each other,one another不定代词one,any,some,all,both,each,either,neither,none,few,little,many,much,-body,-thing,-one连

17、接代词what,who,which,whom,whose引导名词性从句关系代词who,which,that,whom,whose,as 引导定语从句疑问代词what,who,whom,which,whose 引导特殊疑问句第18页，共25页。还有一种情况是用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第19页，共25页。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：ask(请求，要求),allow(容许),appoin

18、t(任命),believe(相信),call(称),cause(使得),catch(发现),consider(认为),elect(选举),expect(预期),feel(感觉到),find(发现),get(使得),have(使，让),hear(听到),imagine(想象),keep(保持),know(知道),let(使),listen to(听),look at(看，瞧),make(使),notice(注意到),see(看见),smell(闻到),start(使开始),watch(注视，看),tell(告诉),think(想，认为),want(想要),wish(希望)等等。第20页，共25页

19、。巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。6.7我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guard

20、s ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.We wont let her go out at night.第21页，共25页。英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：There stands a

21、 hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.第22页，共25页。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情 态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there

22、 used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 第23页，共25页。1这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5战前这儿一直有家电影院的.6恰好那时房里没人。7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。8公共汽车来了。9就只剩下二十八美元了。10铃响了。There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there were two America

23、ns and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone in the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happened to be nobody in the room.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.T

24、here remained only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell.第24页，共25页。基本句型练习基本句型练习三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.In the modern city,there are some problems,such as air pollution,crowd and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.There,th

25、e air is fresh and the water is clean.I can hear birds singing in the green trees.I can also go boating,fishing,and swimming in the lake.All this will be interesting and good for my health.So I want to go to the countryside for a change.1.(S+V)-_2.(S+V+O)_3.(S+V+C)_7_4.(S+V+IO+DO)_5.(S+V+O+C)_6.There be 句型 _61，3，8452第25页，共25页。