新概念英语第三册-lesson-11-Not-guilty课件.ppt

1、lHave you ever been abroad?lHave you ever taken a plane?lHave you ever bought anything from abroad?lWhat do you think of the Customs Officers?New words and expressions guilty 犯罪的，违法的 tolerate 宽容的 declare 申报 hardened 有经验的 professional 职业的，专 业的 smuggler 走私者 officious 爱管闲事的 confidently 自信地 dreadful 可怕的

2、，一团糟的 pounce 猛抓，扑住 perfume 香水 sarcastically 讽刺地 exempt 被免除的 duty 税 gel 凝胶 mixture 混合物 unscrew 拧开 nostril 鼻孔 chalk 粉笔 baggage 行李 Guilty adj.犯罪的，违法的-He felt guilty when he did what he shouldnt have done.-He said that with a guilty smile.guilt(n.罪行,内疚)guiltily(adv.有罪地,有罪似地)反义词：innocent(adj.清白的,无罪的)inno

3、cence(n.清白)tolerant adj.宽容的 Tolerantly(adv.)-A tolerant person must be easy going.一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。Tolerance(n.宽容,忍受,容忍)Tolerate(vt.忍受,容忍)Tolerable(adj.可忍受的)hardship(n.困苦,艰难,辛苦)-The hardship is tolerable.这种困苦还是可以忍受的。hardened adj.有经验的（侧重于老练的）-a hardened player a hardened thief experienced adj.富有经验的 (侧重

4、于有经验的)-an experienced teacherofficious adj.爱管闲事的 Officiousness(n.)-A lot of old ladies are officious.Officious adj.多管闲事的,非官方的,非正式的,专横的-civil（adj.全民的,市民的,公民的,国民的）-servant（n.仆人）-civil servant n.文职人员,公务员,公仆,(联合国等机构的行政人员)-officious civil servant 爱管闲事的的公务员-an officious police officer 专横的的警官Officiously（ad

5、v.多管闲事的,非正式的,非官方的）official adj.官方的,官员的,正式的-An official inquiry will be made into this matter.（inquiry n.质询,调查）此事将进行一次官方调查。Confidently adv.自信地（=with confidence 充满信心的）-He went to do the work confidently.Confident(adj.自信的,确信的)Confidence(n.信心)-have confidence 有信心/gain confidence 获得信心 in confidence (悄悄的,

6、秘密的)=secretly take sb into ones confidence 以某人为心腹-The boss takes his secretary into his confidence.dreadful adj.可怕的，一团糟的（=frightful adj.糟糕的,讨厌的）dreadful（侧重于可怕的,乱七八糟的）-The room is dreadful.a frightful day fearful（表示胆怯的,恐惧的）-she felt fearful particularly when she went out at night.（adv.独特地,显著地）duty n.

7、税-Customs Duty 关税 duty free 免税的-Stamp Duty 印花税（stamp n.邮票,印花,图章,标志）同义词：tax n.税,税款,税金 -income tax 所得税l 1.What does it mean if you go through the Green Channel?l 2.Can a customs officer still stop you?l 3.How do even really honest people feel when this happen?l 4.What about the hardened professional s

8、muggler?l 5.What did the Customs Officer ask you?l You have nothing to declare.l Yes,he can.l Guilty.l Hes never troubled by such feelings.l Have anything to declare.Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.are made to feel guilty make,have,let及感官性动词see,hear,notice,feel 用于主动语态,符合宾语不定式

9、的符号to 应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时,不定式符号to必须还原。-We heard someone come up the stairs.-Someone was heard to come up the stairs.The hardened professional smuggler,on the other hand,is never troubled by such feelings,even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.even if he has five hundred gold wat

10、ches hidden in his suitcase.=Even if/though he has five hundred golden watches that are hidden in his suitcase.hidden in his suitcase（过去分词短语作定语,修饰watches）On the one hand.,on the other hand。-On the one hand we could stay and help you,but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him in

11、stead.Have you anything to declare?he asked,looking me in the eye.looking me in the eye 两眼直盯盯的注视着我=look sb in the face=stare sb in the eyes=look directly at sb-Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.没有人敢正眼看他。All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.in a mess 乱作一团 介词

12、in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态-in good order 秩序井然 in good health 身体健康-in a good mood 心情好 -in a good temper 脾气好 He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.with delight 欣喜若狂地（with和抽象名词搭配,表示内心充满了一种感情）-with confidence 自信地 -with care 细心地-with pride 骄傲地 /-with delight 欣喜若狂地 p

13、ounce on 向.猛扑过去,对.大做文章-The policeman pounced on the thief.警察向小偷猛扑过去。-Dont pounce on my mistake.不要对我的错误大做文章。Perfume,eh?he asked sarcastically.You should have declared that.Perfume is not exempt from import duty.should have和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做,具有谴责性的味道）-You should have arrived here five minutes earlie

14、r.-You should have told me about it.shouldnt have done 本不应该做某事 exempt v.免除 adj.被免除的（be exempt from）-Drinks are not exempt from import duty.Perfume is not exempt from import duty either.As I expected,he did not believe me.As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句,它所指它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义）-As we know,the earth

15、 is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。-As I mentioned 正如我所提及的-As I soon learned,he was English himself.正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。关系代词as和which的区别：as所引导的非限制性定语从句,可用在主句之前。which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能用在主句之后。直接引语变间接引语1 1、人称的转变、人称的转变 1 1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：He said，“I am very sorry.”He said that he was very sorry.2 2）直接

16、引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称人说的，转换为第一人称如：“You should be more careful next time,”my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：She said to her son,“Ill check your homework

17、tonight.”She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，词性物主代词等，如：He asked me,“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his

18、 that afternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。体对待，要符合逻辑。2 2、时态的转换、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般现在时 一般

19、过去时一般过去时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 3 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况须改变的情况 1 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：如：He always says,“I am tired out.”He always says that he is tired

20、 out.2 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：如：He will say,“Ill try my best to help you.”He will say that he will try his best to help me.3 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时如：如：He said,“I went to college in 1994.”He told us that he went to college in 1994.4 4）当直接引语中有以）当直接引语中有以when,whilewhen,w

21、hile引导的从句，表引导的从句，表示过去的时间时示过去的时间时，如：He said，“When I was a child,I usually played football after school.”He said that when he was a child,he usually played football after school.5 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Our teacher said to us,“Light travels faster than sound.”Our teacher told us that l

22、ight travels faster than sound.6 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：He said，“Practice makes perfect.”He said that practice makes perfect.7 7）当直接引语中有情态动词）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,needt

23、o,need时时 如：She asked,“Must I take the medicine?”She asked if she had to take the medicine.注注：此处用：此处用had tohad to代替代替mustmust更好更好 8 8）此外转述）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，地转述，herehere不必改为不必改为there,there,动词动词comecome不必改为不必改为gogo，如果当天转述，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,this afternoonyeste

24、rday,tomorrow,this afternoon等均不必改变。等均不必改变。4 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化示代词和动词变化 1 1）时间状语：）时间状语：直接引语直接引语 （间接引语）（间接引语）now now （thenthen）；）；today (that daytoday (that day）；）；tomorrow tomorrow （the next/following day the next/following day）next week next week （the next/following weekth

25、e next/following week）yesterday yesterday （the day beforethe day before）two days agotwo days ago（two days before two days before）this week/month/year(that week/month/year)this week/month/year(that week/month/year)2 2）指示代词：）指示代词：these these 变成变成thosethose 3 3）地点状语：）地点状语：herehere变成变成therethere She sai

26、d,“I wont come here any more.”She said that she wouldnt go there any more.4 4）动词：）动词：comecome变成变成gogo，bringbring变成变成taketake5 5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化 1 1）陈述句。用连词）陈述句。用连词thatthat引导，引导，thatthat在口语中常省略在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,said,也可用也可用toldtold来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说said

27、that,said to sb.said that,said to sb.that,told sb.thatthat,told sb.that，不可直接说，不可直接说told that,told that,如：He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next

28、 Monday.（不可说told that）2 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whetherwhether或或if if引导，原主句中谓语动引导，原主句中谓语动词词saidsaid要改为要改为askedasked（me/him/usme/him/us等），语序是陈述句等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。的语序，这一点非常重要。如：He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked（me）whether/if I had any

29、 difficulty with my pronunciation.3 3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetherorwhetheror表达，而不用表达，而不用iforifor，也不用，也不用eitheror.eitheror.如：He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.4 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用的疑问词作为间

30、接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用askask（sb.sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：He asked，“Whats your name?”He asked（me）what my name was.5 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带toto的的不定式表达，谓语动词常是不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,ask,advise,tell,warn,order,requestorder,request等。如等。如ask sb.to doask sb.to do，（由肯定祈使句，（由肯定

31、祈使句变成）变成）ask sb.not to doask sb.not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：He said，“Be seated,please.”He asked us to be seated.6 6）有些含有）有些含有“建议建议”、“劝告劝告”的祈的祈使句，可用使句，可用suggest,insist,offersuggest,insist,offer等动词转述，等动词转述，如：He said,“Lets have a re

32、st.”He suggested our having a rest 7 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用议意义时，可用ask sb.to do sth./suggest ask sb.to do sth./suggest doing/advise sb.to do sth.doing/advise sb.to do sth.等形式转述。等形式转述。如：“Would you mind opening the door?”he asked.He asked me to open the door.8 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用whatwhat或或howhow引导，也可用引导，也可用thatthat引导引导，如：She said,“What a lovely day it is!”She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.