[人教版]七年级下册历史第2课从“贞观之治”到“开元盛世”教学课件.ppt

1、第2课 从“贞观之治”到“开元盛世”,你知道右图的人是谁吗？她就是我国历史上唯一的女皇帝武则天。在她逝世后留下了无字碑一座，其功过是非留待后人评说。你想知道有关她的故事吗？学完本课后，你会怎样看待她的功过是非呢？,1.唐朝的建立：,一、唐朝的建立与“贞观之治”,时间： 都城： 建立者：,618年,长安,李渊,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

2、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

3、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,太子（李建成）,秦王（李世民）,齐王（李元吉）,皇帝（李渊）,唐太宗,玄武门之变,626年,2.贞观之治：,唐太宗统治的贞观年间（627649年），政治比较清明，经济得到

4、进一步发展，国力增强，文教昌盛，历史上称之为“贞观之治”。,（1）含义：,（2）治国措施：,政治上：,进一步完善三省六部制，明确中央机构职权及决策程序； 制定法律，减省刑法； 增加科举考试科目，鼓励士人报考； 严格考查各级官吏的政绩。,皇帝,门下省,尚书省,中书省,工部,刑部,礼部,兵部,户部,吏部,负责起草诏令,审核政令,执行政令,经济上：,减轻人民的劳役负担； 鼓励发展农业生产。,轻徭薄赋，发展生产,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

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7、职。他任命善于谋略的房玄龄和敢于决断的杜如晦做宰相，人称“房谋杜断”。,房玄龄,杜如晦,唐太宗吸取隋朝速亡的历史教训，虚心纳谏，鼓励臣下直言不讳，以利于李唐王朝的长治久安。他重用敢于直言的魏征，魏征前后向他进谏二百多次，是最著名的谏臣，受到唐太宗的器重。,以铜为镜，可以正衣冠； 以古为镜，可以知兴替； 以人为镜，可以明得失。 唐太宗,唐太宗,在军事上：,先后击败东、西突厥，在西域设立都护府，加强了对西域的统治。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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10、农民战争中认识到人民群众力量的伟大，吸取隋亡的教训，明白统治者不可过分压榨农民；政府要轻徭薄赋，发展生产；皇帝要勤于政事，大臣要廉洁奉公。,开明的治国国策： 经济上，重视发展生产，减轻农民的赋税劳役；注意戒奢从简，节制个人的享受欲望。 在政治上，推行了一系列革新措施。 任用贤才和虚心纳谏。,二、女皇帝武则天,武则天：,武则天是我国历史上唯一的女皇帝。 她原是唐高宗的妃子，多谋善断。她成 为皇后之后，与唐高宗共掌朝政。唐高 宗去世后，武则天相继废掉两个已经做了皇帝的儿子，自己取而代之。690年，武则天正式改唐为周称帝，改东都洛阳为神都。,2.治国措施：,政治方面： 打击敌对的官僚贵族； 大力发展

11、科举制，创立殿试制度，亲自面试考生，不拘一格选拔人才。 经济方面：继续推行贞观以来减轻人民负担的政策 和措施，重视发展生产。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

12、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

13、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.武则天统治的影响：,武则天统治时期，社会经济得以持续发展，人口持续增长，边疆得到巩固和开拓。这为后来“开元盛世”局面的出现奠定了基础。,三、开元盛世,唐玄宗继位时的局势：,政局动荡,唐朝部分皇帝更替表： 唐高祖（李渊）618年建唐唐太宗（李世民）唐高宗（李治）唐中宗（李显）唐睿宗（李旦）武则天唐中宗（李显）唐睿宗（李旦）唐玄宗（李隆基）唐肃宗（李亨

14、）,“玄宗少历民间，身经迍难，故即位之初，知人疾苦，躬勤庶政。”,唐玄宗,唐玄宗的改革措施：,选贤任能，励精图治； 整顿吏治，裁减冗员； 发展经济，改革税制； 注重文教，编修经籍； 提倡节俭。,贞观之风，一时复振。,唐玄宗统治前期，政治稳定，经济繁荣，国库充盈，民众生活安定，唐朝的国力达到前所未有的强大，进入了鼎盛时期，历史上称为“开元盛世”。,3.开元盛世：,忆昔开元全盛日， 小邑犹藏万家室。 稻米流脂粟米白， 公私仓廪俱丰实。 杜甫,盛世景象,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

15、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

16、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,思考：为什么会出现“开元盛世

17、”的局面,1.唐太宗的贞观之治和武则天的统治奠定了基础； 2.任用贤臣； 3.整顿吏治，裁减冗员； 4.发展经济，改革税制； 5.注重文教，编修经籍。,1.善于任用贤臣 2.重视地方官吏 3.重视农业生产 4.注意戒奢从简 5.出现治世局面,思考探究：什么叫治世局面？中国古代出现治世局面的原因有哪些？,（1）含义：“治世”通俗地说就是统治得比较好的时期，其主要表现为政治清明、经济繁荣、社会安定和国力强盛。,（2）原因： 农民起义迫使统治者调整统治政策； 民族间融合和中外交往的加强； 人们的辛勤劳动； 杰出帝王将相的个人政治品质； 比较好的统治政策能够得到连贯性的实行。,状元成才路,状元成才路,

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20、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课堂小结,贞观之治,虚心纳谏：重用魏征 广纳贤才：“房谋杜断”,政治和经济上革新,击败东、西突厥，加强对西域的统治,女皇武则天,开元盛世,整顿吏治，裁减冗员,注重文教，编修经籍,发展经济，改革税制,（2017湖南怀化）中共中央发布了改进工作作风的八项规定，大力提倡勤俭节约。中国古代就有一位“居安思危、戒奢以俭”的皇帝，他在魏征劝谏后，即能身体力行，持之以恒。这位皇帝是（ ） A.隋文帝 B.唐太宗 C.唐玄宗 D.宋太祖,课堂练习,B,（2017江苏盐城）“载初元二月，策问贡人于洛城殿殿前试人自此始”。“殿前试人”这一考试形式的开创者是（ ） A.隋炀帝 B.唐太宗 C.武则天 D.唐玄宗,C,（2017黑龙江绥化）唐玄宗统治前期，政治清明，经济空前繁荣，仓库充实，人口明显增加，唐朝进入全盛时期，历史上称为（ ） A.“文景之治” B.“开皇之治” C.“贞观之治” D.“开元盛世”,D,