人际功效学的培训(英文版)Ergonomic-training-material课件.ppt

1、nErgonomics for the OfficeErgo Specialist TrainingnTraining objectives:Understand your role as area ergo specialist Understand causes and solutions for office related cumulative trauma Learn to identify“at risk”postures and workstation problems Learn to use evaluation and tracking formsnThe Ergo Spe

2、cialistnUnderstanding Your RoleProgram ManagerErgo SpecialistEmployeeManage the office ergonomics program for your departmentIdentify“at risk”posturesIdentify the need for accessories or work ordersEncourage early reporting through awareness activitiesRe-evaluate progress monthly to ensure effective

3、nessKeep records Awareness ActivitiesEmployeeEmployeen.Like Driving a Car.Car seat Mirrors and windshield Steering wheel Controls Rules of the road/driving skills Chair Monitor Keyboard Accessories Work methodsnTraining Safe DriversErgo SpecialistInitial employee assessmentOrder accessories if neede

4、dWeekly office observationsMonthly 1:1 w/PMAwareness activitiesTrain ergo specialists Monthly 1:1 w/ergo specialistsMonthly program auditsDrivers education managerDriversEmployeeInitial assessmentEarly reportingMonthly w/s review with ergo specialistImprove postures and work methodsIntegrate exercis

5、es and alternate activities into daily routineDrivers education teachersProgram ManagernBottom LineIf your cars are“out of service”or if your drivers are distracted or disabledyour employees cant give 100%your department productivity suffersnWhat is Ergonomics?nWhat is Ergonomics?ERGONOMICS is.the s

6、cience of studying work,designing workstations and accessories to fit the worker identifying“healthy”work methods or habits preventing injuries,improving worker effectiveness,optimizing comfort.nErgonomics is Balancing People Capabilities and Job DemandsCapabilities of peopleDemandsof the jobnPeople

7、 CapabilitiesTo understand capabilities you must first understand how the body works and why it fails.arms and handsneck and backnMusclesprovides power to move boneselastic with good blood supplyBloodprovides“nutrition”for tissue re-growth and repairNervesprovide“electrical”impulse to make muscles m

8、oveTendonsconnect muscle to boneact like a ropeinelastic without its own blood supplyLigamentsconnect bone to boneprovide stabilityinelastic without its own blood supply Anatomy 101-what you really need to know-nThe Hand And How It WorksMuscleSynovialSheathTendonBoneSynovial SheathsTendonsCarpal Lig

9、ament(extensor retinaculum)nMore About The Hand.aMedian NerveLigamentTendonsBonesUlnar NervenThe Arm and ShoulderUlnar nerveMedian nerveRadial nervenWhy Are They Called Cumulative Trauma Disorders?Cumulative-Repeated and prolonged exposure to“stressors”-Occur over timeTrauma-Injury from mechanical s

10、tress-inadequate rest and recoveryDisorder-May result in chronic and irreversible damageDo They Just Occur At Work?No.Work and life style(hobbies,sports,second job,home activities,etc.)and personal factors(hereditary factors,prior injuries,etc.)all may contribute to CTDs.nSymptom ProgressionDevelops

11、 in days to weeks;Intermittent symptoms that resolve but return later;generalized area of discomfort muscle soreness aching burning tingling night pain;can avoid medical treatment at this stageDevelops in weeks to months;Constant symptoms;localized area of pain muscle soreness aching burning tinglin

12、g throbbing numbness;medical treatment required at this stageDevelops in months to years;Constant symptoms;weakness numbness pain due to nerve damage;probably requires surgery at this stage;probably permanent damage at this stagenMuscle Strain and Micro-TearsStrains and tears may be caused by repeat

13、ed or prolonged stretch of muscle fibers beyond“functional”lengthMuscles which must work in a lengthened or shortened range fatigue easily-Symptoms may include:aching,fatigue,or swelling Solutions:work in neutral postures;keep work close;incorporate task variation;incorporate exercisesnNerve Compres

14、sion and Blood Supply ReductionThoracic Outlet Syndrome-compression of the bundle of nerves,blood,and lymph supply which travels from the neck,under the collar bone,and into the arm-Symptoms include:intermittent aching,tingling,burning,and fatigue,and progressing to constant pain,numbness,and weakne

15、ss usually extend down the length of the arm,however may be most obvious in the hand/wrist Solutions:work in neutral postures,especially at the neck,back,and shoulders;incorporate task variation;incorporate exercisesnNerve Compression and Blood Supply ReductionCarpal Tunnel Syndrome-compression of t

16、he median nerve and blood vessels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist Symptoms include:intermittent aching,tingling,burning,and fatigue,and progressing to constant pain,numbness,and weakness-symptoms limited to palmar surface of the thumb,index,middle,and 1/2 ring finger Solutions:work in neutral

17、 postures,especially at the fingers,wrist,and forearm;incorporate task variation;incorporate exercisesnCommon Symptomsin the Office SettingUpper trapezius muscle strain-muscle that extends from base of skull to top of shoulder monitor too high&or too far holding phone between shoulder and ear typing

18、 or mousing with arms unsupportedLow back pain sitting without adequate trunk support sitting without neutral posture of the back sitting for too long!nCommon Symptomsin the Office SettingLateral epicondylitis(tennis elbow)-muscles that bend the wrist upward and toward the little finger keyboard too

19、 low or tilted up reaching to keys at the far ends of the keyboard vs.whole arm movements holding fingers up in the“ready”position mouse too low mousing with wrist vs.whole arm movementsnCommon Symptomsin the Office SettingHand/wrist discomfort De Quervains syndrome-tendonitis resulting from repeate

20、d or constant use of muscles that pull the thumb up and away from the palm-e.g.holding thumb in“ready”position for space bar-e.g.gripping mouse between thumb and little fingernIdentifying Risk FactorsnPrimary Risk FactorsCumulative Trauma SymptomsRepetitionForcePostureMechanical StressFrequencyDurat

21、ionnCumulative Trauma SymptomsSmokingGender&AgePregnancyObesityMedical Conditions (e.g.Diabetes)Secondary Risk FactorsActivity Level/ExercisenUnderstanding Cumulative Trauma DisordersnRepetitions Can Cause Cumulative Trauma DisordersGreater than 2 cycles/minuteWorking though breaksHigh intensity to

22、meet quotasOvertime worknForces That Cause Cumulative Trauma DisordersPounding with the handHigh pinch forcesExcessive grip strengthContact with hard objects(e.g.desks)nPositions That Cause Cumulative Trauma ProblemsExtreme motions of the wristExtreme motions of the shoulderExtreme motions of the fo

23、rearmStatic trunk bendingnFrequency and Duration IssuesFrequency&DurationHigh frequencyHigh durationLow frequencyLow durationnHow Risk Factors Set the Stage for Symptom DevelopmentAdditional factors:Cold VibrationDuration&frequency Inadequate rest/recoverynDemonstrationUnderstanding Risk Factors&MSD

24、sDemonstration I-neutral wrist:hold pencil between finger tips&have“neighbor”pull it away-flexed wrist:hold pencil between finger tips&have“neighbor”pull it away Outcome:Strength difference?Comfort difference?Demonstration II-neutral spine:notice head posture-flexed spine:notice head posture Outcome

25、:Alignment difference?Strength difference?Comfort difference?nPreventing Cumulative Trauma DisordersnWorkplace And Equipment Changes That Prevent Cumulative TraumasAdjust workplaces to keep joints in neutral positionsAdjust equipment and furniture for neutral positionsPad edges of equipmentnWork Met

26、hods That Prevent MSDsEnsure design of correct methodsEnsure use of correct methodsTrainingAuditingnAdministrative Solutions That Prevent MSDsTask variationWork conditioning and work hardeningAppropriate recovery periodsnHow Much is Too Much?RestOff the jobActivitiesOn the jobActivities(posture,forc

27、e,repetition)BUCKET (Tolerance for stress;will vary with individual and may change with time)SPIGOT (Rest and recovery)OVERFLOW (Reportable Illnesses)nUnderstanding The Progression Of A Symptom DevelopmentLow High TimeIntensityofIllnessSensation Discomfort Pain 1st Medical Visit Restricted Work Lost

28、 Workday Case Surgery Required Medical InterventionUnnecessaryMedical InterventionNecessarynUnderstanding Postures at the ComputernActivity#1Using Chair AdjustmentsDo the following:1.Sit in a fully adjustable chair2.Adjust it to fit you3.Be prepared to explain how and why you used each adjustmentnWo

29、rkstation Guidelines Neckeye level to top of screen18”-24”horizontal distanceShoulder/armelbows close to the bodyPrimary supplies within 14”ArmrestSlightly higher than elbowEqual weight on forearms&palmsWristForearms&palms parallel to floorKeyboard flat/slight negative tiltMouse/KB w/whole arm mvtsL

30、ight touch on keyboardBackUpper&lower back contact backrestLumbar support fits small of backBackrest tension keeps body uprightFeetEvenly contact w/floor or footrestnSeat Pan AdjustmentsWeight evenly distributed throughout leg2”clearance between front of chair and back of knee5 Point BaseFlat or for

31、ward tiltnBackrest AdjustmentsBackrest tensionLumbar SupportnArmrest AdjustmentsWidthHeightnKeyboard AdjustmentsnMonitor AdjustmentsDistance allows viewing all parts of screen without leaning forwardEye level to top of glass screenMonitor flat or with slight downward tilt300nFoot RestsEssential for

32、short statured employees For proper screen height For keyboard height adjustments Allow support for the employees feetFeet in a more natural positionnReach EnvelopesSecondary reach zonePrimary reach zonenPostures at Computer WorkstationsDo you like what you see?QuickTime and aPhoto-JPEG decompressor

33、are needed to see this picture.nTraining ProcessnTraining Safe DriversErgo SpecialistInitial employee assessmentOrder accessories if neededWeekly office observationsMonthly 1:1 w/PMAwareness activitiesTrain ergo specialists Monthly 1:1 w/ergo specialistsMonthly program auditsDrivers education manage

34、rDriversEmployeeInitial assessmentEarly reportingMonthly w/s review with ergo specialistImprove postures and work methodsIntegrate exercises and alternate activities into daily routineDrivers education teachersProgram ManagernWeekly W/S Observation FormsnErgo Specialist Training Tracking FormESs Nam

35、eDate of 1st w/s demo with PMDate of 2nd w/s demo with PMDate of 3rd w/s demo with PMDate of 1st employee w/s Audit with ESDate of 2nd employee w/s Audit with ESDate of 3rd employee w/s Audit with ESDate of initial w/s eval observed by ESDate of initial w/s eval performed with ESDate of initial w/s

36、eval performed by ES12345Instructions:ES completes w/s demo with PM until skills are acceptable;next PM observes ES performing postural assessments until skills are acceptable;acceptable skills for both sections signals completion of the training process.nWeekly Employee Observation Summary Date:Emp

37、loyeeNeckPostureWristPostureArmPostureBackrestFootsupport%peremp.Ques.#1Ques.#2Comments%correctDate:EmployeeNeckPostureWristPostureArmPostureBackrestFootsupport%peremp.Ques.#1Ques.#2Comments%correctnInitial W/S Evaluation Form nHow To Do An Employee Assessment Instruct employees to report any sign o

38、f discomfort immediately.Review symptoms;tell employees you will“quiz”them later Provide a copy of the“Adjusting your workstation”pamphlet to each employee.Fixed workstation or Adjustable workstation Use initial workstation evaluation form to identify postural and equipment issues.Follow-up 3-7 days

39、 or when equipment arrives to ensure effectiveness of assessment Complete weekly w/s observationsnInitial W/S Eval Tracking FormEmployees NameDate ofInitialW/S EvalDate ofFollow-UpComments12345678910nErgonomics Tool KitAdjusting Your Workstation BookletsInitial workstation evaluationInitial workstat

40、ion evaluation logWeekly workstation observation formErgo Specialist Training Notebook Weekly/monthly 1:1 with PM Monthly PM random observationsnSuggested Awareness Activities Benefits of early reporting Compliance to workstation guidelines Benefits of workstation accessories Ergo Specialists should

41、 divide into groups and develop monthly programs Can search the internet for ideas Can utilize AE posters or tri-fold awareness materials if interestednReview of TodayWhat is the“big picture”goal of the program?Who holds the key to program success?What are the roles of the PM,ES and employee?What ar

42、e 3 employee activities necessary for program success?What are the primary ergo risk factors?Demonstrate one“show&tell”activity that you picked up during this class.Name 3 important things you learned.Cannot repeat what another person has already listed!nNow that youve heard it all.Go outside and see for yourself!