初中英语中考语法知识讲解及训练：被动语态.docx

1、被动语态一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： 例如：Many people speak English.English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。 The door was opened. 门被开了。二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。主动句： 动作的执行者（主语）

2、 + 谓语动词 + 动作的承受者（宾语）被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+ be + 动词的过去分词 + by + 动作的执行者注意： (1) 有时 by短语可以省略。（2）主动句的时态是由谓语动词来体现的，而被动句的时态是由be动词来体现的。被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。例如：三、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态； 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done (1)

3、People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The bu

4、ilding of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten现在进行时的被动语态： 现在进行时： am/is/ are + v.-ing + 被动语态： be + done 现在进行时的被动语态：am/ is/ are + being + done (1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are

5、 being broadcasted on the radio. (2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.过去进行时的被动语态： 过去进行时： was/ were + v.-ing + 被动语态： be + done过去进行时的被动语态： was/were + being + done (1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended. (2)This time last year we were planting trees here.

6、Trees were being planted here this time last year.现在完成时的被动语态： 现在完成时： have/ has + 动词的过去分词 + 被动语态： be + done现在完成时的被动语态： have/ has + been + done (1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. (2)He has brought his book here. His book ha

7、s been brought here.过去完成时的被动语态： 过去完成时： had + 动词的过去分词 + 被动语态： be + done 过去完成时的被动语态： had + been + done (1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. (2) People had considered him to be a great lead

8、er. He had been considered to be a great leader一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时： will + 动词原形+ 被动语态： be + done 一般将来时的被动语态： will + be + done (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 过去将来时的

9、被动语态：过去将来时： would + 动词原形+ 被动语态： be + done 过去将来时的被动语态: would + be + done (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers

10、 told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + 动词原形 + be + done 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + done (1)You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. (2)He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters

11、 can be written with the computer by him.四、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. This book was published in 1981. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed

12、.五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 1. All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. 2. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by themin the factory.1. Some people at

13、tacked the towers.2. A car knocked him down yesterday.3. Two teachers and ten students make up the study team 六、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 1. We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 2. You ought to take it away. It ou

14、ght to be taken away.3. They should do it at once.It should be done at once. 1)We should protect the earth 2)You need to paint the wall七、注意被动语态的几个特殊情况： 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正确)A new computer have been bough

15、t. (错误)2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, prom

16、ise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Som

17、e country music was played for us. 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动

18、词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定

19、式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.八、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句1.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。(1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.误：The food i

20、s tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.2.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.九、常用的被动语态结构据说 It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It

21、is supposed that 希望 It is hoped that 众所周知 It is well known that 普遍认为 It is generally considered that 有人建议 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.练习：一、把下列各句变成被动语态1. People speak English in many countri

22、es. 2. We built this bridge last year. 3. The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. 4. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room. 5. We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting. 6. Has anybody fed the birds? 7. People will never forget the accident. 8.Someone must have t

23、urned on the light without your notice. 9.Someone must take care of the children when we go out. 10. They wont hold the meeting until next Friday. 二、单项选择（ ）1. One or two man-made satellites_ in our country every year. A. have been sent up B. will be sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up（ ）2. Our TV s

24、et _ yesterday. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. had been repaired D. would be repaired（ ）3. A new building _ in our school next year. A. will be built B. is built C. is being built D. has been built（ ）4. Many books on science _ since I went to college. A. were bought B. have been bought C, will be

25、 bought D. are bought（ ）5. A wonderful English talk _ by Mr Liu tomorrow. A. has been given B. is given C. is being given D. will be given（ ）6. How _ the Great Pyramid (金字塔) _ many years ago without our modern machines? A. isbuilt B. wouldbe built C. havebeen built D. wasbuilt（ ）7. Mr Li, you _ on t

26、he phone. A. are wanted B. were wanted C. are being wanted D. will be wanted（ ）8. _ the work _ yet ? A. Isfinished B. Willbe finished C. Hasbeen finished D. Wouldbe finished（ ）9. This maths problem _ out by little Tom. A. can be easily work B. can easily be worked C. can is easily worked D. can easi

27、ly worked（ ）10. Trees _ in winter but in spring. A. not can be planted B. can be not planted C. cant be planted D. can not be plant（ ）11. This kind of cars _ in Japan ten years ago. A. can only be made B. could only made C. be could only made D. could only be made（ ）12._ to the front at that time ?

28、A. Could be guns and food carried B. Could guns and food be carried C. Can guns and food be carried D. Could guns and food were carried（ ）13. The bear_ to the zoo tomorrow morning. A. may be send B. may is sent C. may be sent D. is may sent（ ）14. We hear a bridge _ over the river this year. A. may b

29、e built B. may is built C. may be build D. may built（ ）15. A book _ more than once if you want to understand it better. A. must be readed B. must be read C. must to be read D. must read（ ）16. Such films _ by children like you. A. must be not seen B. must not be see C. must not seen D. must not be se

30、en（ ）17._ the book _ if I cant finish it in time ? A. Mustrenew B. Mustrenewed C. Mustbe renew D. Mustbe renewed（ ）18. “_ the text _ today ?” asked Tom A. Canbe copyed B. Maybe copy C. Mustis copied D. Must be copied（ ）19. Kate has a high fever. A doctor must _ at once. A. send for B. is sent for C.

31、 be sent D. be sent for（ ）20. Dont go in. Your son _ inside the room. A. is operated on B. is being operated on C. operates on D. has been operated（ ）21. Food and clothes _ by women. A is often talk about B. are often talked C. are often talked about D. often talked about（ ）22.The baby _ when Mother

32、 was out. A. well looked after B. was looked well C. is well looked after D. was well looked after（ ）23. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city. A. are put up B. have put up C. have been put D. have been put up（ ）24. Joan said the wallet _ in no time. A. will be handed in B. woul

33、d be handed in C. had been handed in D. would be handed（ ）25. Jack often does things foolishly, so he _ sometimes _ by others. A. islaughed B. is laughed at C. waslaughed D. hasbeen laughed at（ ）26. Rubbish _ but collected and recycled（回收）into useful things . A. is not now given B. will not now give

34、n C. doesnt now be given D. is now not given up（ ）27. The rope _ by the boy when he almost fell down from a tree. A. caught hold of B. was caught hold C. was caught hold of D. would be caught hold （ ）28. People have come to know that their health must _. A. pay more attention B. pay more attention t

35、o C. be paid more attention D. be paid more attention to（ ）29.The children _ a beautiful picture by the teacher in the classroom. A. were shown B. were shown to C. was shown D. was shown to（ ）30. A beautiful picture _ the children in the classroom. A. was shown to B. was shown C. were shown to D. we

36、re shown（ ）31. Tom _ a new bike tomorrow. A. will lend B. will lent C. will be lent D. will be lent to（ ）32. A new bike _ Tom tomorrow. A. will be lent B. will be lent to C. was lent to D. is lent to（ ）33. The Frenchman _ some eggs and a glass of milk. A. have been bringing B. have been brought C. h

37、as been brought D. has been bought to（ ）34. Some eggs and a glass of milk _ the Frenchman. A. have been brought to B. has been brought to C. have been brought D. has been brought（ ）35. Miss White said she _ some beautiful coats in the shop. A. had been show B. has been shown C. had been shown to D.

38、had been shown（ ）36. Miss White said some beautiful coat _ her in the shop. A. had shown to B. had been shown to C, had been shown D. had be shown to（ ）37. A song _ the guests by the famous singer now. A. is sung to B. is being sung for C. is been sung to D. is being sang for（ ）38. Pictures _ the people in the park every day. A. are drawn for B. are drawn to C. are drew for D. are draw to（ ）39. Jack _ answer the question in French. A. asked to B. was ask C. was asked D. was asked to（ ）40. The guards _ search the young man. A. wee ordered B. were order C. were ordered to D. ordered to