中医学术论文写作-课件.ppt

1、2022-8-101中医学术论文写作中医学术论文写作兰凤利兰凤利 上海中医药大学上海中医药大学2022-8-102中医学术论文英文写作中医学术论文英文写作n1 写作目的写作目的n2 论文结构论文结构n3 写作要求写作要求n4 写作方法写作方法2022-8-1031.写作目的写作目的n发表在国际知名学术期刊，如发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。收录期刊。n与中医药有关的与中医药有关的SCI期刊（按期刊（按2005年收录分析）年收录分析）（IF/2004年）：年）：n(1)Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine （1.401）n(

2、2)Complementary Therapies in Medicine (1.317)(3)Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (0.971)(4)American Journal of Chinese Medicine (0.593)(5)Acupuncture&Electro-Therapeutics Research（0.341）2022-8-1042 论文结构论文结构(structure/format)n2.1 扉页扉页(title page)n2.2 正文正文(main body)n2.3 附录附录(appendix)2022

3、-8-1052.1 Title Page 扉页(TAA)nTitlenAuthors full name and professional addressnAbstract or Summary Objective,Method,Results,ConclusionnKey wordsn(Supported/funded/granted/sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation(标书号、标书号、合同号等）合同号等）/A project funded by the National“863”Program)2022-8-1062.2

4、 Main Body 正文(IMRaD)nIntroductionnMaterials and methodsnResults(and)nDiscussionn(Conclusion)2022-8-1072.3 Appendix 附录nAcknowledgement nReferences2022-8-1083 写作要求写作要求(Requirements)nThe Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals(URMSBJ,5th Ed.,1997)formulated by The Internat

5、ional Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE):2022-8-1093.1 Introduction 引言nThe purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study(move from the general to the specific).The introduction shows the scope of your investig

6、ation efforts.2022-8-1010Introduction200 wordsn背景背景Statement of general area or history of problemn意义意义Statement of importance or needn进展进展Statement of previous findings,reports or studies(citations)n目的目的Statement of purpose of current studyn范围范围Statement of specific area of problem to be studied202

7、2-8-10113.2 Materials and Methods 材料与方法nReaders must be able to reproduce your results,evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness of your methods,and follow the logic in the paper.2022-8-1012Materials and Methodsn简要说明研究设计（简要说明研究设计（Study design）n详细说明研究对象：详细说明研究对象：Patients,Subjects,health

8、y volunteers,animals(sex,age,species,breed,physiological state,etc.)n随机分组方法和选择标准（随机分组方法和选择标准（Methods of any random assignment of subjects to groups and criteria for admission to study groups）n药物（药物（Drug）,激素（激素（hormone）,试剂（试剂（reagent）,其其它化学品（它化学品（other chemicals）,商标（商标（trademark）,生生产厂家（产厂家（manufactur

9、er）及所在地（）及所在地（location）n简要说明测定方法（简要说明测定方法（Method of measurement）n简要说明统计分析方法（简要说明统计分析方法（Method of statistical analysis）2022-8-1013Materials and MethodsnApproval from“Institutional Review Board”(“informed consent”from patients and explanation on“Animal Welfare Act”)nRandomized Controlled Trial,RCT:JAM

10、A 1996;276:637-639 或或 www.consort-statement.org/statement.HtmnPast tense2022-8-10143.3 Results 结果nThis section tells the reader what happened in your work.Remember:let your results speak for themselves and dont embellish(leave that for Discussion section)2022-8-1015ResultsnOverview of the resultsnSt

11、atistical significancenStatistical support,such as figures,tables,pictures,etc.2022-8-1016ResultsnIn chronological ordernIntegrated,clear,pithy,correlated,and logicalnPast tensen(present tense:truth or well-known fact,e.g.Erectile dysfunction is common in men with diabetes.)nSignificant/significance

12、:2022-8-1017nPoints for attention:Such expressions as“The results tended to be greater than”,“showed no promising trends”,“It could/might be inhibited by”should be avoided.2022-8-10183.4 Discussion 讨论nThe author should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous

13、published studies of the problem.2022-8-1019Discussionn简要说明研究背景简要说明研究背景(Background)n简要介绍总的发现简要介绍总的发现(General findings)n介绍具体要点介绍具体要点(Introduction of points)n与先有发现与先有发现(若有若有)进行比较进行比较(Comparison in the context of other studies)n意义意义(Suggested meaning)n结论结论(Conclusion):We conclude thatn前瞻研究前瞻研究(Future s

14、tudies)2022-8-1020DiscussionnTensen分清实验过程和结果（分清实验过程和结果（past tense）与）与分析意见（分析意见（present tense）；）；n他人研究结果（他人研究结果（past tense或或present perfect）与本研究结果（）与本研究结果（past tense）；）；n普遍适用的结论（普遍适用的结论（present tense）与）与只适用本研究的结论（只适用本研究的结论（past tense）；）；2022-8-1021DiscussionnThe Use of Parenthesis:however,we believe/

15、think/consider,to our knowledge,in our experience(practice)n避免含糊的倾向避免含糊的倾向：These results seem to suggest that oral sildenafil could be useful in some selected populations and certain conditions.2022-8-10223.5 Acknowledgement 致谢nAlways get the persons approval of your intention to mention him in the

16、acknowledgement and of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement.2022-8-1023AcknowledgementnThis study was supported by Medical Research Funds from State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.nDr.Wang was supported by a National Research Council Associate-ship.nWe thank Li Yunl

17、ong for his assistance with technical aspects of this study.nWe are grateful to Mei Mei for assistance in preparing the manuscript.2022-8-10243.6 References 参考文献nReference styles should be specific to each journal.nReferences:Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals www.

18、acponline.org/journals/resource/unifrqr.htmnE.g.2022-8-1025nVega KJ,Pina I,Krevesky B.Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease.Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1;124(11):980-3.(标准杂志文章)nRingsven MK,Bond D.Gerontology and leadership skills for nurse.2nd ed.Albany(

19、NY):Delmar publisher;1996.(作者为个人的书或专著)nNorman IJ,Redfern SJ,editors.Mental health care for elderly people.New York:Churchill Livingstone;1996.(有主编的书或专著)2022-8-1026References 参考文献n在排印中在排印中（In Press/Forthcoming）,e.g.nLeshner Al.Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction.N Engl J Med.In Press 1996.n个人交流

20、个人交流（personal communication），尽量避免），尽量避免使用（使用（ICMJE），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：nIn a letter received from Robert J Glynn,MD.in January 2005,he stated that nIn a conversation in March 2006,Denis A Evans,MD reported that nOur findings in this aspect of the study agree with those of Paul A Scherr,Ph

21、D(written communication,September 2005)2022-8-10273.7 others 其它n插图说明：插图说明：Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing,starting on a separate page.n插图：插图：Design your figures for the appropriate reduction.n表格：表格：A table should be totally self-contained unit of information.2022-8-1

22、0284 英文写作英文写作n4.1 论文写作论文写作ABCn4.2 论文标题的撰写论文标题的撰写n4.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作论文摘要的翻译与写作2022-8-10294.1 写作写作ABCn4.1.1 Passive or active?nPatients were instructed on the use of oral sildenafil.Blood levels were monitored every four hours.nWe instructed each patient on use of oral sildenafil and showed patients how t

23、o record blood glucose values every four hours.2022-8-1030n4.1.2 We or I?(single author)n“Resolve to take the great leap and say I.Everybody should by now recognize that a mask is more conspicuous than a face.”Wilson Follett,Modern American UsagenThe author(I)nThis study,this report,this research,th

24、is thesis(I)2022-8-1031n4.1.3 写作写作ABCnPrewriting:to select a journal,and read“Instructions to Authors”;nSimple outlining on the basis of your research materials;nFrom Interior to Exterior:writing“materials and methods”,“results”,and“discussion”first,then writing“introduction”,“abstract”and“title”.20

25、22-8-10324.2 论文标题的撰写论文标题的撰写nTitles are to be written to be understood by those in your field,telling them exactly what you have done in your work.2022-8-10334.2.1 文题的一般要求nTitles should be short,clear,and amenable to indexing.(JAMA)n1)short and concise:Write in one line(not a sentence),not containing

26、 an active verb,not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces,no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted,e.g.DNA,RNA,AIDS,CT;n(Cv could be explained as cardiovascular or costovertebral,etc.)2022-8-1034n2)Informative:State exactly what you want the reader to

27、know about your paper and your work;n3)Indexing:Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it,key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the“Key Words”section of the paper,key words are usually in the beginning or ending of the title.

28、2022-8-10354.2.2 简洁简洁 副标题的使用副标题的使用n副标题的作用副标题的作用nA.突出病例数突出病例数nGallstone Ileus:A Review of 40 CasesnB.突出重点内容突出重点内容nAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome:Disease Characteristics and Oral ManifestationsnBalancing:Treatment of Gynecological Diseases2022-8-1036nC.突出研究方法突出研究方法nUrine Cannabinoid Analysis:An I

29、ntegrated Multimethod ApproachnD.突出同位关系突出同位关系nAcademic Dismissals:Due Process 2022-8-1037nE.解释性用词解释性用词nPancreatitis in Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE):A case report and review of the literaturenExamples of Paired Medicinals:Experiences in Compatibility Developed by Different Schools2022-8-1038nF.提

30、问或选择提问或选择nIs chronic abdominal pain a surgical symptom or a psychiatric symptom?nChronic abdominal pain:a surgical or psychiatric symptom?2022-8-10394.2.3 介词的使用 research on nmanagement fornobservation onnexperience innintroduction toncontrast betweennsurgery for2022-8-10404.2.4 格式n1)词组式词组式nSome Aspe

31、cts of Renal TumorsnEffects of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in VivonPattern Identification and Treatment of DysmenorrheanExperiences in Treating Infantile High FevernTreatment of Globus Hystericus(Plum-Pit Qi)with Integrative Medicine2022-8-1041n2)主谓式主谓式nLets Do Away with SmallpoxnDietary C

32、holesterol As Carcinogenic for Human Colon Cancer2022-8-1042n(3)疑问式疑问式nCan Prostatectomy Be Improved?nMust We Specialize Herniorrhaphy for Better Results?nDoes Danggui Sini Decoction Contain Fresh Ginger?nWhat Are the Indications of Scutellaria Decoction?2022-8-10434.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作论文摘要的翻译与写作n4.3.1 论文摘

33、要的作用论文摘要的作用n4.3.2 论文摘要的分类论文摘要的分类n4.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用论文摘要中时态的应用2022-8-10444.3.1 论文摘要的作用n“The function of the abstract of a scientific paper is to provide an overview of the paper so that the readers know the main story and a few essential details of your work without reading the whole text of the paper.

34、The abstract should make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.”-URMSBJ2022-8-10454.3.2 论文摘要的分类论文摘要的分类AbstractIndicativeInformativeNon-structuredStructured2022-8-1046nIndicative Abstract（通报性或指示性摘要）：（通报性或指示性摘要）：只通报主题，不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果，一只通报主题，不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果，一般用现在时表达，如：般用现在时表达，如：Free tra

35、nsfer of two undamaged fingers from a non-replantable left arm to a mutilated right hand in a 16-year-old boy is reported.本文报道将一无法再本文报道将一无法再植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一16岁男岁男孩被切断的右手。孩被切断的右手。nInformative Abstract（资料性摘要）：告诉读（资料性摘要）：告诉读者研究的总体情况，使他们了解研究的目的、材料、者研究的总体情况，使他们了解研究的目的、材料、方法、结果、结论以及存

36、在的问题。方法、结果、结论以及存在的问题。2022-8-1047论文摘要的分类论文摘要的分类AbstractNon-StructuredStructuredObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusion2022-8-10484.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用论文摘要中时态的应用n1)Objective/Purpose/AimnBackground:present tense or present perfectnObjective:present tense or present perfect or past tensen2)Materials,methods and results:past tensen3)Conclusion:past tense,or present tense2022-8-1049nThank you for your attention!兰凤利兰凤利