计算机专业英语Chapter4课件.ppt

1、内容内容l正文lOperating System lLinux l阅读材料lPorting Window CE Operating System to Broadband Enabled STB Devices l Windows Vista 1 Operating System 1 Operating System 1 Operating System Key Wordsllumpn.块lwithaladv.而且labundantlyadv.充分地lcathode ray tube阴极射线管lshell命令行解释器lexhaustiveadj.详尽无疑的lmonolithic System整

2、体式系统ltrap instruction陷阱指令lconsolen.平台lpeculiarityn.特性lconcentric ring同心圆lfacetn.方面lcrashv.崩溃 NoteslWriting programs that keep track of all these components and use them correctly,let alone optimally,is an extremely difficult joblThe operating system is that portion of the software that runs in kerne

3、l mode or supervisor mode.It is protected from user tampering by the hardware(ignoring for the moment some of the older microprocessors that do not have hardware protection at all).写一个能跟踪所有的组成部分、正确的使用他们的程序是一项极其困难的工作,更不用说对其进行优化了 操作系统是在内核模式或者管理程序模式下运行的软件。硬件保证了它不受用户的影响(除了在一段时期，早期的微处理器没有硬件保护)。NoteslThe

4、limited speed and memory capacity forced programmers to write hand tuned assembly language programs.lThe design of Java was a more conservative version of ideas explored many years earlier in the Smalltalk community,but the widespread adoption of languages that supported features like garbage collec

5、tion and strong static typing was a major change in programming practice.有限的速度和内存容量迫使程序员手工编写优化了的汇编程序。Java的设计比Smalltalk社区在很多年前就已经探索过的想法更保守，但是，对于支持垃圾回收和强静态类型等特性的编程语言的广泛采用是一个在实际编程中的主要变化。2 Linux Key Wordslprominentadj.著名的lenthusiastn.爱好者lportv.移植lcontroversialadj.有争议的llitigationn.诉讼lactionableadj.可控告的lp

6、ortabilityn.可移植性lcopyleftn.对称版权lpermissiveadj.宽容的lroyaltyn.专利税lloose-knitadj.松散的lrevelv.着迷 Key Wordslstereotypen.陈规，陋习ldispelv.消除lprofusionn.丰富lon par with等同的lcornerstonen.基础lset-top boxn.机顶盒lhandheld device手持设备llock-in锁定lthin client瘦客户端lIRCInternet Relay Chat的缩写 NoteslThe goal of the GNU project is

7、 to produce a Unix-compatible operating system consisting entirely of free software.Most general-purpose Linux distributions rely on GNU libraries and tools.lTorvalds has stated that he only trademarked the name to prevent someone else from using it,but was bound in 2005 by United States trademark l

8、aw to take active measures to enforce the trademark.GNU项目的目标是生成一个完全由免费软件组成的，与UNIX兼容的操作系统。绝大多数一般用途的Linux的发布依赖GNU的库和工具。Torvalds声称他仅仅把名称作为商标登记是为了防止其他人使用，但是在2005，美国商标法认为他有义务采取主动方式来维护商标权 NoteslThe frictional cost of switching and lack of support for certain hardware and application programs designed for

9、Microsoft Windows,especially games or uncommon business software,have been two important factors inhibiting fast adoption.转换过程的磨合消耗以及缺乏对一些特定硬件和专门为Microsoft Windows设计的应用程序（尤其是游戏和一些特殊的商业软件）的支持，是导致其无法被迅速采用的两个重要因素。Reading Material 1Porting Window CE Operating System to Broadband Enabled STB DevicesReadi

10、ng Material 1Porting Window CE Operating System to Broadband Enabled STB DevicesExercises 1.Computer software can be roughly divided into two kinds:_and _.2.The software,called _,which is usually located in read-only memory,is actually an interpreter,fetching the machine language instructions such a

11、s ADD,MOVE,and JUMP,and carrying them out as a series of little steps.3.The programs,which are written by the users to solve their particular problems,such as commercial data processing,engineering calculations,or game playing,are called _.4.A simple structuring model for a monolithic system include

12、s _,_ and _.5.A trend in modern operating systems is to take this idea of moving code up into higher layers even further,and remove as much as possible from the operating systems,leaving a minimal _.6.In 1983,Richard Stallman founded the _,with the goal of developing a complete Unix-like operating s

13、ystem composed entirely of free software.7.LILO is an independent _ for Linux to boot from a hard disk.8.The _ and most _ are licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2.9.The majority of the code(71%)of Linux system was written in the _ language.10.The _ is the standard compiler family for most Linux systems.