英语语法讲义-动词课件.ppt

1、2动词的种类动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句中的作用可分为下列四类:1).行为动词(实义动词):表示动作和状态,能独立作谓语.I read newspapers every day.She studies English very hard.Horses run fast than many other animals.3动词的种类行为动词:及物动词 vt 不及物动词vi(1).及物动词:后必须带有宾语,意义才完整.She often washes clothes at weekends.Her husband often checks emails after work.(2).不及

2、物动词:本身词义完整,其后无须带宾语.The baby sleeps soundly.We often come early.4动词的种类同一动词使用场合不同,有时用作及物动词,有时用作不及物动词,有时词义不变,有时词义有变化.She is studying German.Hes studying at home now;he has left school.Who is running this factory?He was running quickly.5动词的种类2).连系动词:不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语.最常用的连系动词:be,look(显得,看起来),get(变得),b

3、ecome(变得,成为),seem(似乎,好像),turn(变成),grow(变得),go(变成,处于状态),remain(仍是),feel(觉得),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来)等.6动词的种类My father is a teacher.She looks very ill.My brother has become a worker(1).连系动词be的意义A.表示性质、状态，意为“是的”The earth is round.He is in good health.7动词的种类B.表示类似或同一的关系,意为”是,为了,就是”Knowledge is power.This i

4、s an order.C.表示等价关系,意为”等于”Four plus three is seven.This one is 20 dollars.8动词的种类D.表示存在,意为”在”.Where is Mary?How long have you been in Shanghai?(2).其他连系动词的意义A.表示人或事物特征的有:feel,look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste等.It sounds interesting.The street smelled terrible.9动词的种类B.表示由一种状态转变为另一种状态的有:become,grow,get

5、,turn,go,fall等.John became a teacher in 1990.The fields turned golden.C.表示某种状态的有:keep,remain,lie,stand等.The old man still kept quiet.The boy stood still,waiting for his mother.10动词的种类(3).连系动词的用法可接形容词作表语.某些可接名词作表语.Be,look,become 等.be 还可接介词短语和表示地点或位置关系的副词作表语.He is very happy.It is getting warmer and w

6、armer.He became a student again after working for 5 years.Our teacher is not with us.He is away.11动词的种类3).助动词:一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语,可与主要动词构成各种时态、语态和语气等动词形式，帮助主要动词构成疑问式和否定式。常用助动词：be,do,have,shall,will,should,would等。Those foreigners dont speak Chinese.What time do you want to come to our factory.12动词的种类He is

7、 getting up now.This kind of computer is made in China.4).情态动词：表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”或“必要”，等。本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的动词不定式（ought除外）连用。无人称和数的变化。13动词的种类I can speak a little English now.（表示能力）She cannot be so stupid。（表示可能性）May I use your computer?（征询对方许可）The work must be finished as soon as pos

8、sible.(表示必须）14最常用的短语动词最常用的短语动词动词与其他词类（副词、介词、名词、形容词）一起构成固定词组，称为短语动词，其作用和一个单独的动词一样。有及物和不及物两种。1).动词+介词What are you looking at?He was listening to the music.15最常用的短语动词2).动词+副词We get up at six oclock in the morning.Im getting off at the next station.3).动词+名词+介词Will you take part in the dinner party?Nobod

9、y paid any attention to what he said.16最常用的短语动词4).动词+副词+介词He ran faster and faster and I could not keep up with him.They are looking forward to the holidays.5).be+形容词+介词We must be good at learning from the others.He was very interested in science.17三、动词的基本形式3.动词的基本形式四种基本形式：现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。按其构成形式的各

10、种方法可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。18四.练习 1).It was raining hard when I_ early this morning.A.woke up B.looked up C.made up D.sent up2).Another communication satellite was _ last year.A.made up B.sent up C.seen off D.put up3).My son will go abroad to study this afternoon.Ill go to the airport to _ him _.A.put off B

11、.driveoff C.setoff D.seeoffABD19四.练习4).I wondered what had happened to her.I havent _her for a long time.A.heard off B.heard from C.thought of D.listened to 5).It is impossible for most children not to _ theirparents for food and clothes.A.turn on B.get on C.depend on D.carry onBC20四.练习6).I didnt do

12、 well in the examination.When the teacher was _ the examination papers,I felt very nervous.A.giving in B.giving off C.giving out D.giving back7).Its time for the TV play.Would you please _ the TV.A.turn off B.turn on C.turn into D.turn over CB21四.练习8).As soon as he entered the room,he _ his cap and

13、sat down.A.took off B.took out C.took away D.took down.9).Her parents have gone out.She has to stay at home _ her younger brother.A.caring for B.taking care ofC.taking care D.caring ofAB22四.练习10).The teacher asks the class to _ their hands if they have any questions.A.put away B.put on C.put down D.

14、put up11).Its very warm here.You d better _ your coat.A.take on B.take off C.put on D.put off12).You must _ it _ before you answer.A.think about B.think ofC.think over D.think upDBC23选择短语动词并用适当形式填空wear out 穿破,用坏.play with 与玩think over 深思熟虑 hear of 听说turninto 把变为 look up 查找keep back 阻止 go over 复习thin

15、k of 想到 put on 穿上 wait on 服侍 look for 寻找wait for 等候 keep up with 跟上24四.练习call for 接某人 take off 脱下give up 放弃 turn off 关闭look out 注意 listen to 听1).Its very warm here.You d better _your coat.2).When you dont know a new word,you should _ it _ in a dictionary.3).You must _ it _ before you answer.take off

16、look upthink over25四.练习4).Water _ ice when it is cold enough.5).The doctor told me to _ smoking.6).Hurry up!Maybe they _ us at the bus stop now.7).Is your mother at home?No,she _ my grandmother in the hospital these days.8)._!There is danger ahead.turns intogive upare waiting foris waiting onLook ou

17、t26四.练习9).My shoes _,so Id like to buy a new pair.10).can you walk a little slower?I cant _ you.11).He always _ the radio in bed before sleeping.12).We must _ all the lessons carefully before examination.13).The two men _ their lost camel when I met them.were worn outkeep up withlistens togo overwer

18、e looking for27四.练习14).I _ your name before I knew you.15).Please get everything ready.Ill come to _ you at five.16).”Who can _ a way to weigh the big elephant?”asked little Jack.17).Children shouldnt be allowed to _ fire.18).He _ his coat and hat and then left his office.had heard ofcall for think of play withput on28四.练习19).Dont forget to _ the light before you leave.20).She couldnt _ her tears when she heard the bad news.turn offkeep back