英语：《语法讲解-定语从句》课件.ppt

1、-定语从句定语从句n什么是定语什么是定语 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。This is a big room.The windows of the room are open.This is the bike that I bought yesterday.This is a flower basket.This is a basket full of flowers.This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.My brother bought me a beautiful dress.He work

2、s very hard at his lessons.We belong to the third world.Do you know the man coming to us?We must find ways to work out this problem.He is a boy of seventeen.The man who is speaking to my father is our headteacher.n当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。这是我的杯子

3、这是我的杯子This is my cup.这是装满水的杯子。这是装满水的杯子。This is a cup full of water.这是我喝茶用的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is a cup which I drink tea with.我认识那个高个子的人。我认识那个高个子的人。I know the tall man.我认识那个戴眼镜的人。我认识那个戴眼镜的人。I know the man with a pair of glasses.我认识你正在找的那个人。我认识你正在找的那个人。I know the man whom you are looking for.定语从句定语从句相当

4、于一个形容词相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词，跟在名词或代词后后修饰该名词或代词。修饰该名词或代词。He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall.主句主句:He was holding onto a tree.从句：从句：A tree grew against the wall.名词/代词(先行词）+定语从句关系词引导定语从句，同时在意义上指代先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分，先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替。This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中

5、担当一个成分关系词的作用 1）2）3）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：二、定语从句的种类二、定语从句的种类限定性定语从句限定性定语从句：和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分割的关系，少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象。割的关系，少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象。非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：和它的先行词之间是和它的先行词之间是比较松散的关系，它不是先行词不可缺少的成分，比较松散的关系，它不是先行词不可缺少的成分，而是仅仅对先行词做一些而是仅仅对先行词做一些补充和说明补充和说明。起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若

6、省略，原句意义不完整。意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词/整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents a

7、re dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语宾语 宾语四、引导定语从句的关系词四、引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代人 whowho，whomwhom，thatthat指代事物指代事物 whichwhich，that,asthat,as所属关系所属关系 whosewhose，of whichof which指地点指地点 wherewhere指时间指时间 whenwhen指原因指原因 whywhy1）关系代词）关系代词限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句中,做做宾语宾语的的关系代词关系代词可以

8、省略可以省略非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中,所有的关系词都不可以省略所有的关系词都不可以省略主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指代人指代人who,thatwhom,that,who whose=of whom指代物指代物which,thatwhich,that whose=of which指代整句话指代整句话(非限制性定非限制性定语从句语从句)which,aswhich,as the usage of the relative adverbs关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial2）当先行词是）当先行

9、词是物物时时,关系代词关系代词that和和which都可都可以，但下列情况只用以，但下列情况只用that不用不用which。All that can be done has been done.Do you have anything that you dont understand?There is little that can be believed about it.The book doesnt say much that amuses children.A：先行词是先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,n

10、one等不定代词等不定代词。Ive read all the books that you lent me.No sample that we have received is satisfactory.Please send us any information that you have about the subject.B：先行词被：先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last,just修饰时修饰时。Hamburg is the most beautiful city that Ive ever seen.This i

11、s the best TV that is made in China.The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.C：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person,animal or thing that suffers pain,dea

12、th,harm,etc.D：先行词中既有人又有事物时：先行词中既有人又有事物时.Who that you have ever seen can do it better?Who that you are talking to is the young fellow?E：who做先行词时，为避免重复，引导定语从做先行词时，为避免重复，引导定语从句用句用that。F：关系代词在从句中作表语时关系代词在从句中作表语时。It is no longer the one(that)it used to be.6.句子中有两个定语从句时，句子中有两个定语从句时，其中一个已用关其中一个已用关系代词系代词whi

13、ch,另外一个宜用另外一个宜用that，如：，如：They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，如：句中也作表语时，如：Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.Those who break the law are punished.He

14、 who breaks the law is punished.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.*在anyone,those,he,she I,they 作先行词时,通常用“who”不用“that”.3)不用不用that，而用，而用which，who，whom的情况的情况He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.M

15、r Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.whichwhichwhowhomA:在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom.不论做宾语还是主语，不论做宾语还是主语，都不可以省略都不可以省略。Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.This is the ring on _ s

16、he spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhomB:当当介词提到关系代词前面介词提到关系代词前面时，指事物用时，指事物用which，指人用，指人用whom。4)whose 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。表示所属关系表示所属关系,whose+n.=of which/whom+the+n.=the+n.+of which/whomThe river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whoseTh

17、ere are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whoseThey live in a house,the door of which faces south.=They live in a house,of which the door faces south.The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are wo

18、men.The book contains 50 poems,most of _ was written in 1930s.There are two left,one of _ is almost finished,and the other of _ is not quite.I have a sentence,the meaning of _ I dont understand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名词名词/代词代词/数词数词+of+which/whomFilling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is

19、 our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which7)引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时,as,which可以代替上文提到的一句话.Which只可以放在后半句的开头;as既可以放句首,也可以放后半句开始.which翻译成“这”;as 翻译成“正如”.She said that she played the most important part in the play,which made all the others unpleasant.As was often the ca

20、se,he was late again.=He was late again,as was often the case.It rained a lot this summer,as we expected.=As we expected,it rained a lot this summer.在在限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句中，有一些固定的句子结构，如，有一些固定的句子结构，如the same/suchas,as many/much as中中,常常用常常用as.e.g.Such books as you bought are useless.在定语从句中最重要的就是要看定语从句中缺少什么

21、成分.1 Is this factory _ you visited yesterday?Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday?Is this the factory _ you worked ten years ago?A which/that B the one C where 2 Is this the reason _ he told you?Is this the reason _ he told you the truth?A that B why 3 I still remember the day _ he stayed wit

22、h me.I still remember the day _ he spent with me.A which/that B whenBACABBA4 He is one of the boys who _ well.He is the only one of the boys who _ well.A studies B study5 There are 60 students,_ of whom is a foreigner.There are 60 students,_ of whom are boys.There are 60 students,_ of whom is marrie

23、d.There are 60 students,_ of whom have gone abroad.A half/some B none C few/many D oneBAB/DA/CB/DA/C 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _not fit for this job isam 3.This is one of the bes

24、t books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to singKey pointsnPreposition+which/whomn1.Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price _was very re

25、asonable.n2.He lived in a big house,_stood a big tall tree.(它的前面）n3.The beggar has no money _to buy food.（用它）of whichin front of whichwith whichV.way/time后的定语从句1.I dont like the way _ he works.2.The way _he used to work out the problem was simple.3.This is the first time _ Ive been here.4.This was a

26、 time _there were no radios,cinemas or TV sets.(in which/that)that/whichthatwhen高考动态：高考动态：n1.在定语从句中，加入插入语。在定语从句中，加入插入语。nDorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_ of course,made the others unhappy.nA.who B.which C.this D.whatn2.把先行词与定语从句隔开，考查把先行词与定语从句隔开，考查“分割性定语从句分割性定语从句”。nThe film

27、 brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.nA.until B.that C.when D.wheren3.综合考查考生对定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句和综合考查考生对定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句和强调句的辨析能力。强调句的辨析能力。nWas it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened?nA.where;that B.which;that C.that;where D.where;whichBC

28、B解题思路解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。等。1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we vi

29、sited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。ExercisesExercises2.Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是in which15.The teacher gave us so

30、difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the onesABso.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.

31、which B.that C.whom D.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CDCorrect the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.Which/that_tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5.I sti

32、ll remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.who(that/which)whenin或或which-thatCorrect the sentences:9.Soon they came to a fa

33、rm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.10.We heard the news which our team won the game.11.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._that _whyit_Correct the sentences:12.Those want to buy tickets write down your names.13.That was the reason because she looked old.14.Miss Chen is th

34、e only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school._gives_whywhoCorrect the sentences:15.It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently.16.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.17.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._thathas_thatCorrect the sentences:18.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.19.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.20.The bike by which I travelled was his._on_ whose_that