2019年中考英语语法知识专题课件：介词（含例题及答案）.ppt

1、介词,考点一：时间介词 1. at, on, in at 常用在具体的钟点之前； on 常用在星期、具体的日期以及某天的上午、下午、晚上前； in 常用在年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。,e.g. We often have supper at seven oclock. Bruce usually does some reading on Sunday afternoon. The English speech contest is on October 19th. My grandparents take exercise in the morning. We want to go

2、 to Beijing in November.,2. in, after in和after都可表示“在一段时间以后”，但in常与一般将来时连用，而after常与一般过去时连用。 3. until, till 可构成not . until / till句型，此时句中动词为短暂性动词。若until / till用在肯定句中，句中动词为延续性动词。 4. for, since for后跟时间段，since后跟时间点，均可与现在完成时连用。,e.g. Do you think what our life will be like in one hundred years? After three y

3、ears, I found a job in a bank. I dont get up till / until 10 oclock every Sunday morning. My uncle has worked on the farm for ten years. Ive studied in the school since three years ago.,考点二：方位介词 1. at, in, from at和in指在某处。 at 后通常接相对较小的地点； in 后通常接相对较大的地点。 from指来自某处。,e.g. They arrived at our school yes

4、terday. Our teachers arrived in Beijing this morning. Jane is from the U.S.A.,2. in, on, to, off in, on和to常用于表示两个地方的位置关系。 in表示在某一范围内部；on表示接壤；to表示不在范围内，即二者之间有距离间隔，也不接壤。off通常表示两地的距离。,e.g. Dalian is in the north of China. Hubei is on the north of Hunan. Australia lies to the south of China. They arrive

5、d at a house off the main road.,3. across, through across 和through 都有“从一边到另一边”的意思。 across 主要指“(从某物的表面上)横过”；through主要指“(从某物的空间内)穿过”。,4. between, among, of between 表示“在两者之间”，可构成between . and短语。among表示“在三者或三者以上之间；之一”；of表示范围，“在中”。,e.g. Be careful when you walk across the road. The old man went through t

6、he forest. The teacher was standing among a group of students. There is a long bridge between the two cities. The workers will build a museum between the cinema and the park. Theres snow at the top of the mountain.,5. above, over, on & below, under & against above 表示“在上方；在之上”，不一定在正上方，反义词为below； over

7、表示“在的上方”，强调位于物体正上方，反义词为under； on表示“在上”，强调两个物体间有接触；against表示“倚；靠；撞”。,e.g. A plane is flying above us. I could hear the noise in the yard below my window. There are many books on the shelf. There is a bridge over the river. There is a ball under the teachers desk. Bob sat down against a tree.,考点三：方式介词

8、 by, through, in, with by 和through 都表示“通过方式 / 方法”； in表示“使用(某种语言)”； with 表示“用，使用”。,e.g. I usually go to school by bike. Mary studies English by listening to tapes. He became rich through hard work. Can you say it in English? He wrote a letter with a pen.,考点四：其他介词 1. including, besides, except includi

9、ng 包含，包括 besides 除了之外(还有) except 除了之外(不包括) 2. with, without with 和在一起；具有(品质、特征等)；带有；随着 without 没有,e.g. There are five boys playing the guitar, including Jack. All the students cleaned the park besides Tom. (汤姆也打扫了) Everyone comes here except Mary. Jenny is playing football with her friends now. Ther

10、e was a big living room with a kitchen and a bedroom. Jack came into the house without knocking at the door.,3. for, against, beyond for支持 against反对 beyond超过 注意：for还可以表示价格和目的。 4. for, to 一些动词可带双宾语，当先说直接宾语(表物)时，间接宾语(表人)前可以用for，也可以用to。有些动词与for搭配，如buy / make / sing / cook / write / draw / order / choos

11、e sth. for sb.；有些动词则与to搭配，如give / send / lend / pass / tell / show / offer / hand / throw sth. to sb.等。,e.g. Are you for or against the plan? They are all against my decision. It is beyond human power. She made a dress for her daughter. They decided to advertise their new product on TV.,5. for, of 可

12、用于句型“It is+形容词+ for / of sb. to do sth.”中。for sb.用于引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，而of sb.则用在某些具有评价人物行为意味的形容词之后，点明形容词所涉及的对象。这类形容词有kind, nice, good, careful, careless, crazy, foolish, wise, rude, impolite, right, brave等。,e.g. It is impossible for Sam to cook a big dinner for us. It is kind of you to help me with my hom

13、ework.,考点五：固定搭配 介词在实际使用中常常与其他词构成固定搭配，需要大家随时积累并熟记。,1. 单项填空。 1) Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift _ you. (2018北京中考) A. for B. in C. with D. from,A,2) The World Cup _ Russia this year must be wonderful. (2018江苏淮安) A. on B. in C. at D. to,B,3) Stephen Hawking was famous _ a scientist, he made a great

14、contribution to the world, and he died _ March 14th, 2018. (2018黑龙江龙东) A. for; on B. as; in C. as; on,B,4) Lets put the piano over there, _ the wall. (2018江苏无锡) A. above B. against C. across D. around,B,5) Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup _ July. (2018上海中考) A. on B. in C.

15、 at D. of,B,6) More and more people in Qingdao go to work _ subway now. (2018山东青岛中考) A. with B. on C. in D. by,D,7) The program Im a singer is quite popular _ students these days. They often talk about it between classes. (2018四川乐山) A. for B. with C. in,B,8) In the picture, he sits _ me, looking ver

16、y happy. (2018天津) A. beside B. among C. up D. through,A,9) President Xi said that people in the world should build a community _ a shared future. (2018江苏盐城) A. to B. at C. with D. from,C,10) I like taking a walk _ the river after dinner. (2018辽宁盘锦) A. above B. on C. under D. along,D,11) _my surprise

17、，the twins have nothing _ common. (2018内蒙古呼和浩特) A. With; in B. To; in C. In; in D. To; of,B,12) How soon will we get the offer from a new high school? _ about two months. (2018广东省) A. In B. For C. Among D. During,A,13) Who is the boy _ a blue T-shirt? He is my cousin. (2018海南中考) A. on B. in C. of,B,

18、14) Dont stay inside _ such a sunny morning. Lets go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers. (2018山东滨州) A. on B. in C. from D. at,A,15) Our class are much sure to win the basketball game _ Class Three. (2018安徽) A. of B. in C. against D. from,C,16) In the picture, he sits _ me, looking ve

19、ry happy. (2018天津) A. beside B. among C. up D. through,A,17) All roads lead to Rome. The roads are just _ your feet. (2018湖南株洲) A. under B. in C. on,A,2. 根据中文补全句子。（2018陕西） 同学们，请靠马路右边行走。 Boys and girls, please walk _ side of the road.,on/along the right,3. 根据所给中文完成句子翻译。 (2018辽宁铁岭) 中国人为我们自己的高铁而感到自豪。 C

20、hinese people _ our own high-speed trains.,are proud of,4. 按所给的汉语，用英语完成下列句子。(2018江苏无锡) 对于你的看法我恐怕无法苟同。 Im afraid I _,cant agree on your opinion(s).,5. 根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。 (2018湖北随州) 她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。 She could read by _ _ the age of four.,herself at,6. 完成句子 。(2018新疆) 根据所给提示完成句子。每空一词，含缩略词。 在某些方面，我和我妹妹完全不同。 In some ways, I am quite _ _ my sister.,different from,7. 根据所给汉语将下列句子补充完整。 (2018山东烟台) Rick在公园对面的中国银行上班。 Rick works at the Bank of China _.,across from/opposite (to) the park,8. 将下列句子译成英语。 (2018江苏苏州) 养成一个良好的阅读习惯对我们来说很重要。 It is very important for us to develop / form a good habit of reading.,