人教版初中英语专题复习讲义（ 名词性从句）.doc

1、中考专题-名词性从句一、同步引入 Whatever will be, will be世事皆有规律，顺其自然。这个句子是英语中的名言，那么我们来分析一下这个句子。二、同步精讲主语从句1定义：主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句例如：Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。2.连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用如：Whathewantsisabook.他

2、想要的是一本书Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光线沿直线运行（2）if和whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分如：Whenweshallholdo

3、ursportsmeetisnotdecided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别（4）whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别如：Who

4、everbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主语从句）（Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.）Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（让步状语从句）（Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.）3.it构成的主语从句（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。如：Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。【拓展延伸】需要注意的是，

5、it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.（主语从句，有that，无逗号）Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.（定语从句，无that，有逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击” （2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构Itisafact（agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews）that如：Itsapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你没有看那部电影真

6、是太遗憾了Itisnecessary（clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely）that需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形”，如：Itisnecessarythatyou（should）masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握电脑ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要Itsclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明显，他们急需援助Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoo

7、n.飓风很可能马上就要到达了。Itisreported（well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/ordered）that如：Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了Itseems（happened/appears/doesntmatter/makesnodifference/）that如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillatte

8、ndthemeetingornot.三、巩固训练1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. W

9、here4. _ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. _ was to return to school. A. That really interested him B. What really interested him C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really6. _makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. T

10、hat C. Whoever D. Whatever7._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How8. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A If B Whether C That D Where9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. thatC. what D. when10.What I say and thi

11、nk _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have11. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it12. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for13. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. Ther

12、e B. This C. That D. It14. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have15. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA四、小结回顾都有哪些连接词可以用于引导主语从句一、同步引入Remember w

13、hat should be remembered, and forget what should be forgotten.Alter what is changeable, and accept what is mutable.记住该记住的，忘记该忘记的。改变能改变的，接受不能改变的。同样又是一条警句，而这句就成了宾语从句。二、同步精讲宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语: Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron. 主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾

14、语: Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight. 主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语 宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that常可省略),whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。 连词：Hetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.Idontknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodykn

15、ewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。 Theboybel

16、ievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.Attention：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idontthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat. 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I

17、dontbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,wontshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haventyou? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我们发现他从不仔细听老师

18、讲课，是不是？ 当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesntshe? Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didntyou?Theydontbelieveshesanengineer,dothey? Shedoesntexpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe? 在以下情况中that不能省略 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 Ibelieve（that）you

19、havedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 Icanttellhimthathismotherdied.当it作形式宾语时 例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim 许多带复合宾语的句子，that

20、引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：Idontknowifwhetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有选择意义，又有or或or

21、not时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether（ifornot也可以使用）。如：Letmeknowwhetherifhewillcomeornot（Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome）让我知道他是否能来。Idontknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.=Idontknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwe go我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Iminterestedinwhetherheli

22、kesEnglish我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Werethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasntdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasntdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Icantsay这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。

23、如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook可理解为： Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果” Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 HeaskedifIdidntcometoschoolyesterday. 引导状语从句eveni

24、f（即使）和asif（好象）时 Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。 连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever

25、除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？ ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 Hedidnttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能

26、再见面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。Idontknowwhattheyarelookingfor.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?四.宾语从句的时态时态：1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：Theheadmasterhopesevery

27、thinggoeswell.2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：Shewassorrythatshehadntfinishedherworkontime.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.三、巩固训练1 Helldohisbest_（learn）aforeignlanguagewell2 Sheisntoldenough_（join）thearmy3 Itstimeforus_（go）toschool4Imsor

28、ry_（hear）that5Therunnerfellandhurthisleftlegbuthequicklygotupandwenton_（run）6Howabout_（skate）thisafternoon？7Whataboutthe_（sleep）pillsIgaveyou？8Areyougoodat_（swim）？9Weareallinterestedin_（play）games10HegaveMrsBeetmouth-to-mouth_（breathe）1 tolearn2tojoin3togo4tohear5running6skating7sleeping8. swimming9

29、playing10breathing四、小结回顾宾语从句是用来干什么的呢？一、同步引入 I feel that there is nothing right in my left brain and nothing left in my right brain.我觉得我的左脑里记的都是错的，右脑里空空如也。这个句子又是一个什么样的从句呢？二、同步精讲表语从句定义表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。总之表语是对主语的解释和说明，是主语具体化，并且常与连系动词一起使用。This book looks expensive. (形容词做表语)We are Chinese.

30、 (名词做表语)表语从句：在复合句中作表语的从句, 就叫做表语从句。表语从句一般放在系动词之后,结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。连系动词：be动词、表示持续的系动词（keep, remain, stay）、感官动词feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等、表示变化的系动词（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,）、表终止的系动词prove, turn out(结果是，证明是)、seem, appear（看起来）连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。He has become what h

31、e wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。二表语从句的引导词1.从属连词：that / whether /as if /as though/as/because(1) that引导表语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by water.连接词t

32、hat一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。(2) whether引导表语从句表示“是否”,但不充当句子的成分。The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.if 与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用whether, 不能用if。(3)as if/though“好像”，引导表语从句时要注意语态.如果句中的情况

33、与事实不相符，从句多用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式；如果从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词要用“had + 过去分词 ”，如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might ,could )+动词原形.Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. (现在事实相反)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many ti

34、mes. （与过去事实相反）It looks as if it might rain. （与将来事实相反）但是，如果as if/though引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符，从句则用陈述语气。The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.(4) as引导表语从句He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。(5) because引导表语从句常用结构：This/That/It is/was becauseThat is because I dont l

35、ike Chinese.2.连接代词：who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever，在表语从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表语)The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主语)This is what I want to tell you. (what做宾语)The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定语)3.连接副词：when/whe

36、re/how/why，在表语从句中做状语。The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。The question is where we can live. 问题是我们能住在哪儿。注意一reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because；why引导主语从句做主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because。The reason is that he got up late.Why he is late is that he got up late.that is why/because(1) T

37、hat is why .是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。That is the reason why .与That is why .是同义的，“这就是的原因/因此”，但是从语法结构上讲That is the reason why .中的why引导的是一个定语从句。That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语) That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(

38、why 在定语从句中充当原因状语) (2) That is because句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是因为”。That is because I got up late. 这是因为我起床迟了。(3) “That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。I was angry. That was because he didnt understand me.我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强调原因)T

39、hats why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果)三. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 的原因是The reason for his absence is that he got up late.The reason why he is absent is that he got up late.他缺席的原因是他起床迟了。三、巩固训练1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. wh

40、en D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can

41、 get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_ I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when