高考阅读C-教案.docx

1、第9讲 阅读理解之C篇课前热身2016年秋考阅读C词义推断题Enough “meaningless drivel”. Thats the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committees report, released last week,

2、has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” s

3、ays Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark（认证标记） if it is an accurate reflection of the original.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless d

4、rivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.Key: A年份题量分值考点题型20144

5、8词义猜测题，推断题，细节题，标题类选择题2015510总结题，细节题，细节题，推测题，标题类 选择题2016510词义猜测题，推断题，细节题，细节题，标题类选择题2017.0648细节题，推断题，细节题，标题类选择题2018闵行一模C48细节题，词义猜测，细节题，推测题选择题【考纲解读】2017年高考改革，阅读C从以前的5题变成4题，分值从原来的10分变成现在8分。高中英语阅读理解题，全面考察的是学生的理解、分析、比较、概括和解决问题的能力。主要考察学生语言分析运用的能力。在高考英语试卷中阅读理解试题是所有题型中分值最高的。因此阅读理解能力的高低是能否取得英语好成绩的关键所在。高考英语阅读理

6、解试题常考的题型有四大类：细节理解题、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意。【考点分析】1. 细节题：由历年高考英语真题可知，阅读理解部分的试题中，大多数是针对段落的细节设计的，其目的是为了测试考生对组成段落的主体部分的理解。在每年的考试中，细节题的数量是最多的，大约占50%，其中涉及对文章中复杂句，列举，例证，引用，转折，因果关系等的处理，因此做好这类题至关重要。 另外，细节题的测试在另一方面也可以考察考生对段落结构的理解程度，哪些是辅助论点，哪些是主要脉络，只有对这些细节有一定的了解，我们才能更深入地领会文 章。文章的细节并不是孤立的，它总要与其他事实前后呼应，一般来说，作者总会把同等性质的事实放

7、在一起，并借助不同的衔接手段进行组合，从而达到说服读者 或阐明观点的目的。其提问方式不外乎有以下几种： The author provides following examples except According to the author, all of the following are true except (that)_. Which is among the best possible ways to? Which of the following would NOT be an example_? Which of the following is the LEAST like

8、ly? 对于细节题我们要从词义与语法（句法）着手，从这个角度来说，此类考题又可被细划分以下几个细类： 1. 因果标志语 表因果关系的标志词可具体分为： 1）表原因 because of, since, for, as, now that, seeing that, owing to, caused by, the main reason foris 2）表结果 hence, thus, so, therefore, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, for that reason 2. 结论标志语 in general, generall

9、y speaking, in short, in a word, to be brief in all, in simple words 3. 转折与对比题 but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, dissimilarly, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, in opposition to, on the opposite side 4. 比较类型标记语 similarly, likewise, in similar fashion, in similar way, in the same matter, jus

10、t as 5. 列举标志语 one anotherstill another, firstsecondthird 6. 举例标志语 for example, as an example, as an instance, takeas an example, let me cite as a proof 针对细节题，考生要注意分析句子和句子之间的关系，是因果、递近、转折还是什么？尤其要注意文章的第一句和最后一句，以及每段的第一句和最后一句与其它句子 的关系，体会每句话在文章中的作用。在阅读过程中，要培养自己对文章主要讨论对象、关键词，作者和专家的观点，以及语气的把握。特别注意作者和专家的观 点，

11、专家和专家之间的观点是否相同或相反或互补，以及作者和专家的语气是赞成还是反对，是关注还是乐观等等。如果是真题，还要仔细分析考点和正确、干扰选 项的规律、特征。在此过程中，可把文章尽可能的多读几遍，甚至翻译一下，提高对文章中单词、短语、句型等的反应速度，阅读速度自然也就提高了。此外，阅读的步骤也十分重要。许多考生拿到文章之后从头读起，读完再去一个一个选答案。这种方法十分传统，叫整体阅读法。其优点是可以有一种全局感或整体 感。缺点是文章太长，读后细节记不住，再去找答案又费劲又容易出错，许多细节都混淆在一起了，得分经常不高。建议同学们用一下查找阅读法：读完第一段就做 第一题。然后看第二个问题问的什么

12、，带着这个问题去看第二段，然后是第三段、第四段，依此类推。（注意，有一种问题可能此方法不太适用，那就是：主旨性问 题）。查找式阅读法虽然把文章看得支离破碎，但得分往往很高，因为刚看一段就去做一道题，这样对细节会把握得很准。所以，阅读理解并不是简单的读懂文章就可以把题作对，在对文中内容全面正确把握的同时还要审清题目，理解题目要求。2. 推断题 2.1 词义猜测题正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步。不懂单词含义就根本谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非等同于词典中标注的汉语意思,其含义会随不同的语境而有所变化。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力

13、。此外,阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词,这类词的词义可通过上下文推断出来。常用的推断词义的方法有: 1. 同义法。单词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此可以推测。 2. 反义法。在生词所在句子的前后句往往能找到对应的意义相反的词。 3. 释义法。对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语从句甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 另外,还有情景推断法、代词替代法、构词法等。2.2推断题推理判断题是高考阅读理解题的重头戏,着重考查学生以下几个方面的能力: 1. 对事件发生的预测及推断的能力; 2. 通过细节描述对人物性格特征进行推断

14、的能力; 3. 针对文章内容对作者的态度、观点、写作意图进行推断的能力; 4. 对作者话语之间弦外之音的理解能力。 推理判断题对考生还有以下要求:既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑问题,不要固守自己的看法或观点。 推理判断题常见的命题方式有: 1. The passage implies that _. 2. We can conclude from the passage that_. 3. Which of the following can be inferred? 4. What is t

15、he tone of the author? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 6. The passage is intended to _. 7. Where would this passage most probably appear?3、主旨题任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时,从文章的第一段,甚至第一句话即可得出文章的主旨要义;有时,文章的主旨要义须从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。主旨大意题常见的提问形式有: 1. What does the writer m

16、ainly tell us? 2. Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3. Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4. Which is the subject discussed in the text? 5. Whats the best title for this passage?知识精讲14高考(C) If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your n

17、eighbor or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project

18、 developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partners pants, she said. Thats the picture I remember best.The se

19、t-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another

20、persons body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronized（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in anoth

21、er persons body.Using such technology promises to alter peoples behavior afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Ba

22、rcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of peoples associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using

23、virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants bias scores were lower. The idea is that once youve put yourself in anothers shoes youre less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalized the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machi

24、ne to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. Its a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.74. The word

25、swapping (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_.A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that_.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other peoples bodiesC. participants will l

26、ive more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, _.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lowe

27、r on the test for racismC. they changed their behavior dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that_.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote und

28、erstanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly【答案】 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了一种Be another lab的体验，可以让人们互换角色，这样可以一定程度上消除人们的偏见，也可以促进人与人的相互理解。74:猜词题：根据第一段的最后的描写：She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and tempora

29、rily became a man. As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partners pants, she said. Thats the picture I remember best.可知女演员和男演员互换角色，所以swapping的意思是“交换”，所以选B。75:推理题：根据文章第三段的最后一句话：Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really

30、 start to feel as though they are living in another persons body.可知从Be another lab的体验可以推断出我们的感觉和身体的经验有关，所以选A76:细节题：根据文章第四段的句子：Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them.可知在the Implicit Associ

31、ation test中，在参与者使用虚拟现实的眼镜控制一个深色皮肤的人物之前，他们对不像他们的人物更有偏见，选D77:推理题：根据文章最后一段的句子：At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project可知虚拟现实帮助促进人们之间的理解，所以选C2015高考(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day

32、-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options

33、 were available to him. He made a bad decision, they saidat least as it was presented by Shakespeareto take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understa

34、nd,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeares wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and C

35、arol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct

36、 between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for e

37、xample, Cassiuss sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and back

38、ground. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henrys winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes

39、 opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldnt make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be relat

40、ed. Caesars pride, which led to his murder, and Brutuss mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Sup

41、erior. C. Honorable. D. Rude74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to _.A. help executives to understand Shakespeares plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeares playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeares plays in literature workshops D.

42、guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeares plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management. D

43、. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. the Adelmans programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeares plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are

44、professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _.A. Shakespeares plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeares plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeares plays: a lesson for business moti

45、vationD. Shakespeares plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results【答案】 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.D【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的运用。74.B细节题根据第二段的一些用词“well-known advisers to the WhiteHouse著名的白宫顾问”,”management training business管理训练商业”，可以知道答案是与leadership管理有关。其中leadership（领导）和management是同义词。76.D推理题，纵观全文，本

46、文提到的一个是莎士比亚，以及是Adelmans所创立的一个培训商业，这个培训主要是管理有关，也与领导有关。所以答案是D Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.（莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用）。77.D标题题四个选项的意思分别是A. Shakespearesplays: Executives reconsider corporate culture（莎士比亚戏剧：管理层重新认识企业文化）；B. Shakespearesplays: A nessential key to business succes

47、s（莎士比亚戏剧：成功商业的关键）；C. Shakespearesplays: a lesson for business motivation（莎士比亚戏剧：商业动机的一节课）；D. Shakespearesplays: Dramatic training brings dramaticresults（莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧的训练带来喜剧的结果）。标题题选择的正确答案是简练高度概括，而且以文章主题相关，综合这几个因素只有D选项才符合，其他选项，要么和主题无关，要么就是扩大了范围。2016高考(C) Enough “meaningless drivel”. Thats the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social