《英语句子成分》优秀课件PPT课件.ppt

1、英语句子成分优秀课件PPT课件英语句子成分优秀课件PPT课件 英语语法构成示意图英语语法构成示意图一、主语一、主语Subject：句子说明的人或事物，：句子说明的人或事物，一般位于一般位于_。句首句首1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleas

2、ure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，中作主语时，为保持

3、句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置置于于句首句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得你懂得翻译下列句子吗？翻译下列句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是

4、错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.二、谓语二、谓语Predicate:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常。通常由由_ 充当。动词常分为实义动词充当。动词常分为实义动词,连系连系动词动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain preven

5、ted me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）三、宾语三、宾语Object：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在一般放在_或或_后面后面.及物动词及物动词介词介词4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.

6、7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）Predicative：跟在连系动词后面的：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.四、表语四、表语1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5.Three

7、 times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Time is up.The class is over.（副词）（副词）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有

8、be一词。一词。He is a teacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay。He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。系动词系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,

9、sound,taste。This flower smells very sweet.5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有有become,grow,turn,fall,run,get,go,come。He became mad after that.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有有prove,turn out。The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。Attribute

10、:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句。修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句。定语可由以下等成分表示：定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）五、定语五、定语5.Our monitor

11、 is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.（定语从句）（定语从句）Adverbial：修饰动词、形容词、副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因或全句，说明

12、时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。等。六、状语六、状语9种状语种类如下：1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件

13、状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）Complement是用于补充说明主语或宾语的是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特

14、征。身份或特征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）（主补）练习练习一一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.His wish is to become a scientist.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.He noticed a man enter the room.O.Pre

15、dicateAdverbialAttributeS.PredicativeO.Complement选择填空：()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here now C.The man who is here now D.The man is here now()2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and coldD.were wet and cold()3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C

16、.nicely D.sweet()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.dying()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded

17、D.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked()10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.where从结构上分：从结构上分：简单句简单句 (Simple sentence)并列句并列句(Compound sentence)复合句

18、复合句(Complex sentence)英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。构的基础。一：一：+（主谓）（主谓）二：二：+（主谓（主谓/系表）系表）三：三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）四四:+InO+D(主谓间宾直宾）主谓间宾直宾）五五:+O（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）

19、基本句型基本句型 一一 特点特点:句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.His words works.e.g.His words works.S SV基本句型 二 特点：句子谓语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的意思，表达一个完整的意思，必须必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构构 成成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做(连连)系系动词

20、。动词。系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类：1 1）be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的只起连系主语和表语的 作用作用,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词；2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等等 +adj.3）表示变化：）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等等 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等等+adj.+adj.S V(link-V.)P1.This is an English dictionary.2.Everything loo

21、ks different.3.天气更凉爽了。天气更凉爽了。The weather becomes cooler.基本句型基本句型 三三 特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.S Vo S V(Vt.)O1.她经常帮她妈妈。她经常帮她妈妈。She often helps her mother.2.我想要一杯茶。我想要一杯茶。I want a cup of te

22、a.基本句型基本句型 四四 +InO+D 特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表达完宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直直 接承受者接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。通常可改为通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.+InO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an apple to me.S V (Vt.)InO DO1.She passed him a new dress.2.John 告诉我他的想法。告诉我他的想法。John told me his idea.基

23、本句型基本句型 五五特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。e.g.We made him the manager.SVOOC S V(Vt.)O OC1.We keep the table clean.2.I saw them getting on the bus.3.他让我马上回来。他让我马上回来。He asked me to come back soon.宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语

24、（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：等，例如：He sent the novel to William yesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例

25、如：宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,but I want this diary to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.SV_ _O_Ad.()S_VSVO_OCS_VOOC并列复合句并列复合句 Analyze the sentences:I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue

26、 sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.SV_ OcSVPAc（）_S_VOOC Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.SVP_ _SAd.C(状从状从)SVP_At.C(定从定从)1、有的人毕生追求的是有的人与生俱来的 在生命结束的时候 有的人得到了他毕生追求的 有的人确失掉了他与生俱来的2、青年们先可以将中国变成一个有声的中国.大胆地说话,勇敢地进行,忘掉一切利害,推开了古人,将自己的真心的话发表出来-鲁迅3、生命是以时间为单位的，浪费别人的时间等于谋财害命，浪费自己的时间等于慢性自杀。4、写书就像冒险。一开始它是玩具和娱乐。然后她成了你的情妇。然后是你的主人。然后变成一个暴君。最后你终于认命的时候，它死了，然后给拖到外面游街。5、要求不高，只求最好。6、悲观主义者从每个机遇中看到困难，乐观主义者从每个困难中看到机遇。7、勇气是能站起来侃侃而谈。勇气也是能坐下来静静倾听。