高中英语新外研版必修三基础知识讲解（分单元编排非常全面）.docx

1、高中英语必修三基础知识讲解Unit 1 Knowing me,knowing you【词汇派生】1.loose adj.控制不严的loosen v.放松2.resolve v.解决(问题、困难)resolution n.解决方案3.breath n.呼出的气breathless adj.上气不接下气的，气喘吁吁的4.concern n.忧虑，担心 vt.关系到，涉及；使担心concerned adj.感兴趣的；担心的concerning prep.关于；就而言5.fault n.责任，过错faulty adj.有错误的faultless adj.没有错误的【重点词汇】1.let off ste

2、am 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪let out发出(叫声等);泄露let.in 让进来;放进let go (of)放开;放手;释放let down使失望;辜负let alone更不用说;听任;不打扰2.agony n.痛楚,苦难in agony = in pain处于痛苦中agony aunt知心阿姨agony column=advice column知心专栏agonize v.(对某事物)极度忧虑或担心agonize about/over对焦虑/苦恼agonized adj.十分痛苦的agonizing adj.令人痛苦的3.sink v.使(船)沉没sink n.洗涤池,洗碗槽,水槽sink v.

3、(日、月)下落;(头、目光等)下垂;消沉,陷入sink into 陷入4.breath n.呼出的气breathe v.呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的breathe in 吸气breathe out 呼气take a deep breath 深吸一口气 out of breath 气喘吁吁,上气不接下气hold ones breath 屏住呼吸5.concern n.忧虑,担心concerning prep.关于concerned adj.有关的;关心的have/feel/show concern about/for/over.对关心/担忧be concerned about=b

4、e worried about 关心;挂念as far as sb/sth be concerned 就而言6.look down on 看不起,轻视,蔑视look after 照顾,照料look ahead 向前看,着眼未来look as if 看上去好像look around/about 四处看看,四下环顾look back 回头看;回顾look forward to 盼望,期待look into 观察;调查look on 旁观,观望look on.as.把看作look out 当心,小心,留神look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过看look up 查寻,查阅;抬头看7

5、.adjust v.调整,调节;适应,(使)习惯adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事adjust oneself (to) sth (使)适应well-adjusted adj.完全适应环境的adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的adjustment n.调整,调节;适应make adjustment适应,调整8.accident n.事故,意外事件,偶然因素accidental adj.意外的;偶然的;附属的without accident 平安无事地It is no accident that.绝非偶然9.fit adj.合适的；健康的be fit for

6、适合；胜任be fit to do 适合做What kind of job is he fit for? fit vt.& vi. 合身，合适，安装fit in with适应；符合；与一致I wondered how I would ever fit in with my teenage friends.我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。Jenny got a job as a teacher in an elementary school but soon she found it hard to fit in with the students there.Now she is

7、 wondering if she is fit for the job and it is hard for her to find a job fitting her well.珍妮在一所小学找到一份教师工作，但是很快她发现自己很难与那里的学生融入到一起。现在她在疑惑自己是否适合这份工作，对她来说很难找到一份非常适合她的工作。plexity n.复杂性,错综复杂complex adj.复杂的,复合的 n.综合楼群,联合企业a new apartment complex 一座新综合公寓大楼11.forgive v.原谅forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事forgive sb for d

8、oing sth 原谅某人做了某事forgive and forget不念旧恶;不记仇12.get along with 与相处get about 徘徊,走动get accustomed to 习惯于get across 被传达;被理解get away 离开,逃脱get down to 认真对待get off 从下来;脱下(衣服)get over 恢复get rid of 除去,摆脱get through 到达,完成get together 积聚,积累get used to 习惯于13.weave v.编,织weave your magic 使人入迷weave in and out迂回穿行we

9、ave your way through 在中穿行weaver 织布工14.protect.from 保护使免受protection n.保护environmental protection 环境保护fire/flood/sun protection 防火/防洪/防晒under the protection of 在的保护之下protective adj.保护的,给予保护的defend sb/sth from 保护不受prevent.from.阻止,预防,防止15.justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理 ;为辩护be justified by.被证明是合理的;理由是justify

10、 oneself 为自己辩解justified adj.有合理解释的,有正当理由的16.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的frankly adv.坦白说,坦率地说to be frank 坦白说,坦率地说be frank with sb 坦白跟某人讲be frank about sth 坦率地说17.tear n.眼泪,泪水tearful adj.哭泣的,含泪的,快要哭的burst into tears 突然哭起来tear down 扯下;拆毁tear up 撕碎;拔起tear.into pieces 把撕成碎片tear.open 把撕开18.independent adj.独立的i

11、ndependence n.独立,自主gain/achieve/win independence 取得/获得/赢得独立independently adv.独立地be independent of 不依赖independent school 私立学校19.as well as也；和一样；不但而且The teacher as well as his students likes football.这个老师，跟他的学生一样，也喜欢足球。As well as eating five courses of meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.除了五道菜外，他们还

12、喝了七瓶白酒。知识拓展(1)as well as用作连词，连接两个相同成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，意为“不但而且；既又；除了之外，还有”。(2)as well as作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除之外”，后面通常接名词或动词ing形式。(3)as well也，还，又(常放于句末)。(4)may/might as well表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨，我们还是吧”。【重点句式】1.Embarrassed and ashamed,I cant concent

13、rate on anything.我感觉既尴尬又羞愧,不能把注意力集中到任何事情上。【句式剖析】形容词化的过去分词作状语,表示状态,修饰句子的主语。Dressed in white,she looked really pretty.穿着白色衣服,她看起来确实很美。【句式拓展】(1)形容词化的过去分词作状语,表示伴随,可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。Overjoyed,they rushed to the front.他们非常高兴疾步跑到前边。(2)形容词作原因状语,通常放在句首。Thirsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into the tea

14、-house and seated himself at a little table.因为非常渴,并且迫切想要休息一下,他进了茶室坐在了小桌子旁。(3)形容词作结果状语,一般位于句末。They returned from war,safe and sound.他们安然无恙地从战争中归来。(4)形容词作让步状语,位于句首,也可以位于句尾。Old and young,the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.无论年轻的还是年长的,所有的农民们都在忙着秋收。(5)形容词作时间状语Glad,I sing an English song.高兴的时候,我就唱首英

15、文歌。2.Approached in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.用这种方法来解决,你们的友谊很快就会被修复。【句式剖析】过去分词作状语。approach 与句子主语your friendship之间是动宾关系,所以用Approached。Given more attention,the accident could have been avoided.如果多注意一些,这次事故本来能避免。【句式拓展】分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,

16、就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when,while,if,though,as if,unless等,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。3.When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.当莱利搬到新城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。【句式剖析】这是“have a hard time doing”结构,意为“做某事情很困难”。也可以说“have a hard time in doing”。We will have a hard time getting jus

17、tice.我们将很难获得公正。【句式拓展】have difficulty (in) doing做某事情很困难have trouble (in) doing做某事有麻烦have fun (in) doing做某事有意思(有趣)have a good time doing玩得开心,过得愉快4.It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in peoples lives.据说,在人们生活中情商比智商更重要。【句式剖析】It is believed that.是主语从句,

18、真正的主语是that引导的从句。that在主语从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,但是不可以省略。【句式拓展】常见的这类结构有:It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is decided that.已经决定It is suggested that.有人建议It is advised that.有人建议It is ordered that.根据命令It is thought that.有人认为It is considered that.人们认为It is hoped that.人们希望It is expected that.人们预料It is an

19、nounced that.已宣布5.which引导非限制性定语从句Im crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.我对篮球很着迷，也很擅长篮球，这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。句式分析：句中的which是连接代词，引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面对篮球的热爱是自己后面行为的原因。例1My sister always helps me with English，which makes me encou

20、raged.我姐姐总是在英语方面帮助我，这让我备受鼓舞。例2He was always late for work，which led to his being fired.他上班总是迟到，结果被开除了。知识拓展(1)非限制性定语从句有逗号。这是它最大的特点，从句与主句用逗号分隔开了。一般可以单独翻译出来，让它成为一个句子，和主句并列排放，而定语从句翻译出来，通常是“(从句内容)的 (被修饰的名词)”。(2)修饰对象不同。非限制性定语从句可以修饰它前面的名词，还可以修饰它前面的整个句子，或句子的部分内容，这是它非常重要的一个作用。 (3)关系词使用不同。非限制性定语从句绝对不可以用that引导

21、。6.like引导的从句The point guard is a key player，but it was like he wasnt even on the court!控球后卫是个关键球员，但他好像根本不在场上！句式分析：该句中like用作连词引导的是表语从句，表示：好像；如同；像一样。该连词也可引导状语从句。Chelsea and I looked like we were from the North Pole.切尔西和我看上去好像是来自北极。Dont talk to me like you talk to a child.不要像跟孩子说话那样跟我说话。知识拓展(1)like作动词时

22、，意为“喜欢”。“like 名词/代词”表示“喜欢某人或某物”。(2)like doing sth.和like to do sth.都表示“喜欢做某事”。(3)Would you like sth./to do sth.？“你想要吗？”/“你愿意做吗？”。口语中用来表示客气地征询意见或建议、邀请、请求等。(4)How do you like.? “你觉得怎么样？”，通常用于询问对某人或某物的喜欢程度。(5)like作介词时，意为“像；跟一样”，其后接名词或代词作宾语。Unit 2 Making a difference【重点单词】1.contribution n.贡献make a contri

23、bution/contributions to为做出贡献 contribute vt.& vi.捐款;贡献;捐助;导致;投稿contribute sth to.把某物捐献给contribute to为做出贡献;有助于;导致 contributor n.贡献者;捐助者;投稿者2.relief n.减轻,缓解,宽慰,轻松in/with relief 如释重负to ones relief 使人宽慰的是 relieve vt.减轻;缓和relieve sb of sth解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)3.effective adj.有效的,产生预期效果的 effect n.影响;效果have an effe

24、ct/influence on/upon对产生影响come/go into effect生效bring/carry/put.into effect实施;使生效/起作用side effect副作用 affect vt.影响4.earn v.挣(钱)earn/make money 挣钱earn ones living=make a living谋生 earnings n.所得,收入,工资5.donate v.捐赠,捐献donate sth to.把某物捐献给 donation n.捐赠物; 捐赠; 赠送make a donation to 向捐赠6.sensitive adj.敏感的,容易生气的b

25、e sensitive to对敏感的;体贴的;善解人意的be sensitive about介意;在乎 sense n.感觉;意识; 理解力; 判断力;in a sense 在某种意义上in no sense决不(放在句首时,句子用部分倒装)there is no sense in doing sth做某事没有意义make sense 有意义make sense of理解7.generous adj.慷慨的,大方的be generous with sth在方面很慷慨be generous to sb 对某人很大方 generosity n.慷慨; 大方8.hesitate v.迟疑,犹豫hes

26、itate to do sth迟疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth (做)某事犹豫不决 hesitation n.犹豫不决without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事 hesitant adj.犹豫不决的9.assistance n.帮助,援助be of assistance 有帮助的with the assistance of.在的帮助下 assist vt.帮助assist sb with/in sth帮助某人某事assist sb to do s

27、th帮助某人做某事assist sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事 assistant v.助手;助理10.confirmation n.确认书; 证实 confirm v.证实,证明confirm a theory 证实一种理论confirm ones belief坚定某人的信念It has been confirmed that 已经证实11.aid v.帮助,援助aid sb in/with (doing) sth在(做)某事方面帮助某人aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事 aid n.帮助; 援助give sb first aid/give first aid to

28、 sb 对某人进行急救come/go to ones aid/help 帮助某人in aid of 为了援助with the aid of 在的帮助下12.achievement n.成就,功绩a sense of achievement成就感make a great achievement取得伟大的成就 achieve /realise ones dream/aim实现某人的梦想/目标13.major adj.重要的,主要的 v.主修; 专攻major in sth 主修(大专院校的)科目 majority n.大多数the majority of大多数in the majority占大多数

29、 minor adj.少数的 minority n.少数in the minority 占少数14.treatment n.治疗;疗法under treatment正在治疗 treat vt.对待; 治疗; 处理; 把看作treat sb like/as.把某人当看待treat sth seriously认真对待某事treat sb/oneself to用款待某人/自己15.obtain v.获得,得到obtain sth from.从获得某物 obtainable adj.可获得的【重点词组】1.under control处于控制之下have control over/of能控制 beyon

30、d control无法控制be in control of掌管着2.look across强调从一边看到另一边look over迅速地检查look through翻查、翻找look into调查look up查阅，好转look up to尊敬look down on/upon轻视，看不起look back on sth.回顾某事look ahead 展望未来look forward to盼望3.give up放弃give away泄露，捐赠give back归还，使恢复give in投降，让步give in to屈服于give off发出give out分发，用完4.be determined

31、 to do sth.决心做某事with determination顽强地5.persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事persuade说服，强调劝说的结果advise建议，强调劝说的动作。talk sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事convince sb.of sth.使某人信服某事remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事6.be grateful to对.感激I would appreciate it if you.如果你能.-我将不胜感激7.turn out出席，参加；结果是make a difference有影响，有关系8.br

32、eak into a smile 突然笑起来break ones word/promise违背诺言;食言break up打碎;拆散;结束;分裂(解体);散开break down出故障;失败;垮掉break in强行进入;打断break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)break off断开;使折断;中断break out突然开始;爆发break away (from sb/sth)逃脱;脱离;背叛(某人/某物)break through取得突破;取得新的重大发现9.set up建立，设立set about doing sth.=set out to do sth.着手做某事set asi

33、de把.放在一边，省出set off 出发，动身set down写下，记下set out动身，启程10.benefit from得益于，因.而得到好处for ones benefit为了某人的利益be beneficial to对.有益11.make ones dream a reality使梦想成真in reality实际上，事实上in fact, as a matter of fact12.take up占用，拿起，开始从事take apart拆开take away带走，拿走，清除take after长得像take down拿下记下take in吸收，理解，欺骗take off脱下，起飞，

34、突然成功，休假take on呈现，雇佣，承担take over接管take notice of注意到13.cheer up高兴起来cheer for为.欢呼play an important role in在.中起重要作用14.at the hands of在某人那里大吃苦头give/lend a hand给某人帮忙on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面.另一方面.-15.escape from逃离，逃脱have a narrow escape死里逃生16.keep records of把.记录下来on record有记载的hold a record保持记录

35、17.at one point一度，在某一时刻to the point简明恰当的18.rise to ones feet站起身来19.bring.to public attention使.引起公众的注意draw ones attention to把某人的注意力吸引到.-attract/catch ones attention引起某人的注意fix ones attention on集中注意力于devote ones attention to专心于pay attention to注意20.pass away去世pass by经过pass.on转交，传给pass down把.传给后人21.aim t

36、o do 目的是，旨在做某事be aimed at doing sth.旨在做某事be aimed at sb.针对某人with the aim of以.为目的【重点句式】1.And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?为什么那里的水那么脏以至于让他们生病呢?【句式剖析】so.that.引导结果状语从句,意为“如此以至于”。I was so nervous that I couldnt tell which direction was left.我如此紧张,以至于分不清哪边是左。【句式拓展】(1)so.that.句型的常见形式:s

37、o+adj./adv.+that.so+adj.+不定冠词+单数可数名词+that.so+many/few/much/little+n.+that.There are so many spelling mistakes in your composition that I cant understand what you are writing about.(2)such.that.句型的基本结构:such+不定冠词+adj.+单数可数名词+that.such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that.Dalian is such an attractive place that lots

38、 of tourists visit it every year.大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。【名师点津】当so/such+修饰部分放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。So desperate was he that he stopped trying and waited for help.他是如此绝望以至于他停止尝试,等待救援。2.What they needed was a well dug near their homes.他们所需要的是在他们家附近挖的一口水井。【句式剖析】此处what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语;dug是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动。Wha

39、t amazed me most was that he won first prize in the English speech contest.最让我惊讶的是他在这次英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。【句式拓展】what可以引导名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what可以翻译为“什么,所的”。You had better hear what I have to say.你最好听听我的意见。【名师点津】注意名词性从句中what和that的区别。what在从句中充当成分,有意义。that在从句中不作成分,无意义,引导宾语从句时可以省略。3

40、.Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why dont I help?”,but “How can I help today?”Ryan说他想问的不是“我为什么没有帮忙”,而是“今天我能怎样帮忙?”。【句式剖析】此处not.but.连接两个结构相似、功能相同的句子成分。这种结构否定but前的内容,肯定but后的内容。What makes his parents worried is not his grades but that he hasnt any interest in learning.【句式拓展】not.but.连接主语时,谓语动词

41、遵循就近一致原则。类似用法的有:neither.nor.既不也不;either.or.不是就是;not only.but also.不仅而且;there be句型。Not you but she is wanted on the telephone.电话里找的是她而不是你。Unit 3 The world of science【词汇派生】1.virtual adj.模拟的virtually adv.模拟2.flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的；有弹性的inflexible adj.僵化的flexibly adv.灵活地；易曲地；有弹性地 flexibility n.灵活性；柔韧度3.ca

42、pable adj.有能力的capably adv.有能力地capability n.才能，能力【一词多义】1.press v.压，按，靠着；按(按钮或开关)n.新闻报道；新闻界；印刷机；出版社The press have been very critical about him and his family.(新闻界)Judging from the press，the concert was a great success.(新闻报道)Since the invention of printing press，poems became more popular.(印刷机)She press

43、ed her face against the window with tears running down.(压，按，靠着)Drago pressed a button and the door closed before we walked in.按(按钮或开关)The dictionary was published by Oxford University Press.(出版社)2.shoot v.射出(光、亮等)；射门，投球；射击；拍摄Smith shot the wolf and then took the baby wolf away.(射击)Giggs shot the bal

44、l from the halfway line and got the point.(射门)The movie was shot in New Zealand in the winter of 2018.(拍摄)A strong white light shot into the sky and then an explosion followed.射出(光、亮等)3.hold up举起；支撑；延误， 阻滞；持枪抢劫(银行、商店等)She held up her arm and wiped her tears off.(举起)This old tree is held up by a post.(支撑)A thief ran off after holding up a petrol station.(持枪抢劫)The train was held up by heavy fog last night.(延误)【知识要点】1.invention n.发明，创意，创造Papermaking was a wonderful invention at the time.造纸术在当时是一项了不起的发明。Such ch