土木工程专业英语unit-6(3)课件.ppt

1、Unit 6 Bridge Engineering桥梁工程桥梁工程n The Worlds Top Ten Most Incredible BridgesnBridges have developed greatly from the original transportation hub to its contemporary forms.The bridges have become more sophisticated in techniques and more diversified in expression.n桥梁从最初的交通枢纽，发展至今，技术上更加完善，表现形式上趋于多样.n

2、With the development of the new science and technology,there appear a number of amazing engineering marvels.The worlds top ten most incredible bridges will be introduced distinctively in the following paragraphs.n新科技力量的注入，也使得全球涌现出一批让人叹为观止的工程奇迹，下面就让我们一起走进其中最不可思议的十大桥梁。1.Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge(C

3、hina)the worlds longest cross-sea bridgenWith a total length of 35,673 km and bridge length 35.7km,Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge is a two-way expressway with 6 lanes.It is the worlds longest cross-sea bridge.n双向6车道，全长35，673公里的杭州湾大桥是世界最长的跨海桥。nThe construction of this bridge makes significant contribu

4、tions to the economic development of the Yangtze River Developmental region.And thanks to the bridge,the driving time from Shanghai to Ningbo has shortened to 2.5 hours from the previous 4 hours.n它的建成为长三角区域的经济发展做出重大贡献，上海到宁波的车程也由之前的4个小时缩短到2.5小时。nIt took a decade to analysis the feasibility of the con

5、struction of the bridge,and in the year 2003,it was approved to be built.Five years later,in 2008,it was opened to traffic.n关于这座桥的建设光进行可行性分析就花费了十年的时间，于2003年通过审核，2008年5月1日正式通车，nThe total construction fee of the bridge is up to(reaches)11.8 billion RMB,it can be described as one of Chinas Century Proj

6、ect.n修建的经费高达118亿人民币，可谓是中国的世纪工程之一。2.Banpo Bridge(South Korea)a fountain bridgeBanpo Bridge is an impressive double-deck bridge in the city of Seoul that connects the downtown districts of Seocho and Yongsan.半坡大桥位于首尔市连接瑞草区和龙山区，是一个令人印象深刻的双层桥。nIt has come to be most notably recognized for a decent addit

7、ion,(the Banpo Bridge Fountain).The addition of this highly distinguishing characteristic has made this bridge over the Han River a very popular attraction.n因为拥有美观的喷泉装饰，半坡大桥被视为最著名的桥梁建筑。这种别具一格的特征，使得这座桥在汉江成为一个非常受欢迎的亮点。nThe fountains light up and even dance while being lit from underneath the bridge.n当

8、从桥下点燃时，喷泉就会亮起来，甚至“闪烁舞动”。n People traveling by car through the under portion of the bridge get the feeling that they are driving through a waterfall,while those overhead on Banpo Bridge can peak over the side and see the marvelous waterfalls shooting into the Han River.n那些乘车通过桥梁下部分的游客会感到像是在瀑布间穿行；而那些在

9、半坡大桥上驾驶的人可以看到桥边及奇妙的瀑布越过汉江。3.Milutinovic Bridge(France)the worlds highest transport bridge nIn a small lake in the southern France 342 meters(1125 feet)high over the valley,there built a bridge flying over the bottom of the valley-Milou Bridge.n在法国南部的小湖山谷上空342米(1125英尺)处，建有一座好似飞过谷底的大桥米卢大桥。nThe endurin

10、g bridge is even higher than the Eiffel Tower.n这座旷世大桥比埃菲尔铁塔还要高.n It took 3 years to build the bridge,and was opened to traffic in the year 2004.n花费了3年时间修建，于2004年正式通车。n It is funny Standing on the bridge overlook the valley,especially when the mist lingering in the valley under the bridge,you will fe

11、el burst of dazzling.n站在桥上俯瞰河谷别有一番情趣，当有雾气在桥下山谷萦绕时，会让你感到一阵炫目。nIts average height is of 245 meters(807.1 feet),and is the worlds longest single-span bridge(that is,the distance between adjacent supporting frames),341 meters(1122 feet),in short(in a word/briefly),the bridge,whether to see in books or t

12、o see the real,you will be stunned.n她的平均高度有245米(807.1英尺)，拥有世界上最长的单桥跨度(即相邻支撑架之间的距离)，341米(1122英尺)，简言之，这座桥无论在书本上看到还是实际见到，都会为之震撼。astonishedshochedamazing4.Hudson Corrugated Bridge(Singapore):The most dynamic pedestrian bridge The 36 meters high,300 meters long Hudson Corrugated Bridge,connecting Mount F

13、aber Park and the Telok Blangah Hill Park,is the highest pedestrian bridge in Singapore.Its wavy(波状的波状的)design gives you a visual impact.高36米的哈德森波纹桥是新加坡最高的人行天桥，300米长的大桥连接了花柏山公园和直落布兰雅山公园，其波纹状的设计给人一种视觉上的冲击。5.Rolling bridge(Great Britain)nThe rolling bridge located on the Paddington Basin in London,was

14、 designed by the Heatherwick studio.n石南花芯研究室设计的会打卷的桥位于伦敦帕丁顿区。nIt works as a steel pedestrian bridge like an ordinary one.n平时看起来就是一座普通的钢结构人行桥。nCrucially,the bridge can curl and roll to form a circle to allow the boat moored in the inlet to sail in and out(驶进、驶出).n但在船只通过河面时，桥身可以卷起成圈状，以便船通过。nThe 12 met

15、ers long bridge consists of 8 steel frame structures(with hydraulic pumps installed)to drive the bridge to roll.n12米长的桥身由八段钢架构成，内部安置有液压油泵，驱使桥身完成蜷曲的动作。6.Olivier Bridge(Brazil)The worlds first dual-X road bridgeThe Olivier Bridge across the Sao Paulo,Brazil Pinielusi Olivier River was opened to traffi

16、c in May,2008.The 138 meters high bridge is characterized by its two cross(presented for the X-type)bridges and an X-type support tower crane.横跨巴西圣保罗皮涅鲁斯河的奥利维尔大桥于2008年五月通车。桥高138米，它的独特之处在于两条交差(呈现为X型)桥身和一座X型的支撑吊塔。7.Fengyu Qiao(China)A unique construction of the Dong Nationality in China.nThe Fengyu Qi

17、ao is a unique construction of the Dong nationality in China.The bridge in the above picture is located in Guizhou Province,the largest gathering of the Dong nationality in China.n 风雨桥是侗族的特色建筑。图中的桥位于侗族最大的聚集区，贵州省.The bridge is more than 50 meters in height.It has been a century since the bridge was b

18、uilt in the Qing dynasty in 1894.However,a fire burnt it down in the year 1959,and it took five years to rehabilitate the bridge.长超过长超过50米的。于米的。于1894年的清朝时期修建而成，距今已年的清朝时期修建而成，距今已有百年历史。然而有百年历史。然而1959年的一场大火将其烧毁，在年的一场大火将其烧毁，在1964年完成年完成对其修缮的工作。对其修缮的工作。nThe Fengyu Qiao functions as a resting place for the

19、 pedestrians and a welcoming place as well.n风雨桥方便行人过往歇脚，也是迎宾场所。n The bridge usually consists of bridges,towers and pavilions.n通常由桥、塔、亭组成。n The bridge is made of wooden materials connecting each other with the chisel mortise.Its unique style is of high skills.n用木料筑成，靠凿榫衔接，风格独特，建筑技巧高超。nBoards are plac

20、ed on the bridge with fences and benches on both sides,forming a promenade-style walkway.n桥面铺板，两旁设置栏、长凳，形成长廊式走道。nA multi-layer of towers and pavilions are built on the piers with phoenixes and dragons(they symbolize auspicious things in the Chinese culture)carved in each layer.n石桥墩上建塔、亭，有多层，每层檐角翘起，绘

21、凤雕龙。nAt the top of the bridge,such mascots as treasured gourds(filled with lots of good things)and millennium cranes(a mascot in the Chinese culture)are engraved there.n顶有宝葫芦、千年鹤等吉祥物。n8.Millennium Bridge(UK)The worlds most famous suspension bridge nThe Millennium Bridge,officially known as the Londo

22、n Millennium Bridge,designed by He Ruosi-Jones and Wolf-Barry,is a local landmark and one of the most beautiful bridges in the world as well.n由贺若斯-琼斯和沃尔夫-巴里设计的伦敦塔桥(又名千年桥)不仅是当地地标，同时也是世界最美的桥梁之一。nThe bridge can be lifted highly when boats sail through the river Thames.n桥身在有船通过泰晤士河时，可以高高抬起。nA few centur

23、ies ago,in the times of sea transport,the bridge would be lifted more than 50 times every day to let boats go through(pass/get through).n几个世纪前，当还是依靠海路运输的时代，桥身每天都会“开启”五十多次。n 432 construction workers participated in(take part in)building the bridge and it took 8 years and 70 thousand tons of concrete

24、to finish the project.n千年桥的修建共动用432名工人，使用七万吨的混凝土，花了8年时间才完成。9.Magdeburg Bridge(Germany)a navigable aqueduct water bridgeThe Magdeburg Bridge is a navigable aqueduct in Germany,opened in October 2003.Boats can sail freely on it.德国馬德堡附近的易北河上，于2003年10月完工的一座918米长的大水桥，船只在桥上可以自由的航行。nThe bridge connects the

25、 Elbe-Havel Canal to the Mittellandkanal,crossing over the Elbe River.n It is notable for being the longest navigable aqueduct in the world,with a total length of 918 meters.n它是欧洲目前最长的水道桥工程，全长918米。将东部的“米特兰德运河”与西部的“易北-哈威尔运河”跨越易北河连接了起来。10.Old Bridge(Italy)-a hodgepodge of markets The old bridge locate

26、d in the city of Florence in Italy,is definitely more than just a bridge,it is a street,a bazaar,and also one of the landmarks of the Florence City.位于意大利城市佛罗伦萨的旧桥位于意大利城市佛罗伦萨的旧桥绝对不仅仅是一座桥，它是一条绝对不仅仅是一座桥，它是一条街、一个集市，也是佛罗伦斯市街、一个集市，也是佛罗伦斯市的地标之一。的地标之一。nThe bridge was initially built in the year 1565 to prov

27、ide a road with roof for the local nobility,but with more and more craftsmen coming here,it gradually evolved into an interesting hodgepodge.The Old Bridge is well-preserved now.n旧桥始建于1565年，本来是想为当地的贵族修建一条带屋顶的路，但后来有不少手工艺人来到这里，慢慢就演变成一个有趣的大杂烩。这座桥至今仍保存完好。ExercisesnIRead the whole passage and answer the

28、following questions.nWhy the first application of reinforced concrete to bridge structure was not successful?nBriefly explain the loads that act on the bridge structure members.nWhat is the substructure of a bridge?nExplain briefly the abutments of a bridge?nWhat are the main varieties of girder bri

29、dges?nWhat is prestress?nWhy arch bridges can be made of blocks?nWhat is a girder bridge?nWhat is a cantilever bridge?nWhat is a suspension bridge?nIIFill in the blacks with the information given in the text.n1.A sensible work plan should be devised for the and deployment of information throughout t

30、he project from to completion.n2.indicates that the reinforcing is stressed before loading,thereby placing the entire concrete beam section in compression or at a low value tension stress.n3.Of all the bridge types in use today,the bridge allows for the longest spans.n4.Arch may be grouped into circ

31、ular,and in terms of the shape of the arches.n5.Bridges may also be classed as“”or“through”types.n 6.Gravity abutment consists of a central supporting the bridge set and two walls to retain the fall.n7.Piers can be solid,trestle or types.n8.Substructure of a bridge falls into two distinct categories

32、:supports and intermediate supports.n9.In some recent designs,concrete hinges have been introduced between the top of columns and the cap in order to avoid moments being transferred from deck to the .n10.The spill-through consists of two or more columns carrying a beam that supports the bridge seat.Thank You!